Apah Roman Art Quest

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Villanovans -ancestors of the Etruscans-Iron Age of people-lived mostly in the north & west of Italy
Villanovan burials Men: Buried with elaborate bronze belts and helmetsWomen: Buried with pins and combs
Villanovan Hut Urns
Hut Urns: Clay containers for ashes, form of houses
Basic Etruscan Facts -Lived in central Italy-Civilization floured from 1000 BC to 200 BC, but peaked from 600 BC to 400 BC-language hasn't been decoded

Etruscan Tombs
-Called "Tumuli"-Richer people got buried in this way-Burial chambers imitate Etruscan houses-Treasures are found in them-Lots of reliefs
Etruscan Tomb Wall Paintings -Themes: banqueting, athletic competitions, musical performances, scenes from everyday life-Influenced by Greek Myths

Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinia (Etruscan)
-Scenes from everyday life-Lively and charming-Bright colors

Sacrophagus from Cerveteri of a Married Couple (Etruscan)
-Etruscans cremated their dead-Figures represent a married couple-The wife and husband are given similar status reflecting the relatively high status of women in Etruscan society. For example, Etruscan women could legally own property independent of their husbands. And Etruscan women also regularly attended sporting events with their husbands.

Chimera (Etruscan)
-Triple-bodied monster, "lion before, serpent behind, she-goat in the middle"-found in 1533

Capitoline wolf (Etruscan)
-Bronze portrayal of the she-wolf, that, according to Roman legend nursed Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome-The statues of Romulus and Remus were added during the Renaissance

Statue of Apollo (Apulu) (Etruscan)
-Finest of the Etruscan rooftop statues-Painted terracotta-Note the smiling face- Archaic style-Note the figures extraordinary motion and energy-Discovered in 1916

Temples (Etruscan)
-Provided a model for the later Roman temple-Not much survives other than the bases; made out of wood, mud brick, terracotta-Enter through the stairs only the front-Columns only on the porch
Temple Parts (Etruscan) -Pronaos- deep porch with two rows of columns at the front of the building-Cella- sanctuary to the god, at the back of the temple-Tall podium (base)

Roman Republican Portrait Bustspicture: Head of a Roman Patrician from Otricoli
-Portraits generally of public officials of fairly wealthy or important people -Would be used in a funeral procession and then installed in a Roman home-Generally carved from marble using a wax death mask as a guide-Veristic- "warts and all"-Gravitas

Primaporta Agusta (Roman)
-Statue of the first Roman Emperor - Agustus (Octavian) -Served as an official portrait of the Emperor (despite depicting him as a great deal younger than he was at the time)

Arch of Titus (Roman)
-Imperial Roman-Shows Roman interest in historical narrative-Commemorates the Emperor Titus suppressing a rebellion in Jerusalem and sacking a temple (shown in a relief)

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius (Roman)
-Only survived because Christians mistook it for a statue of the emperor Constantine-Today is found in the middle of the campidoglio on the Capitoline Hill, designed by Michelangelo

Fora (Roman)
Civic centers

Trajan's Column (Roman)
-Column commemorating his defeat of the Dacians- 625 foot frieze wraps around the entire column (not in registers)

-Highlights Roman interest in historical narrative
Roman Building Materials and Techniques
-Utilized concrete which allowed them to enclose large, unobstructed interior spaces
-Used rounded arches, barrel vaults, groin vaults

Colosseum
-aka the Falvian Amphitheater
-Used concrete , brick, and travertine facing

The Pantheon
-Has a rotunda
-Dome contains an oculus
-First structure to use coffers (recessed or sunken panels in a ceiling)
-Influence Thomas Jefferson's design for Monticello
The Fire of 64 A.D. in Rome Nero found space to build his Domus Aurea (Golden House)

Temple of Vesta in Tivoli
Circular plan inspired by tholos tomb

Pont du Gard
-Aqueduct in France
-Carried water from a mountain source to the city of Niemes
-Shows the imperial aspirations of the Early Roman Empire