Respiratory Infections In Shelters: Beyond Kennel Cough
It's no surprise that animal shelters can be incubators for the spread of respiratory infections. In many cases, the diseases are familiar, but assuming a cough is kennel cough just might cause you to miss an important diagnosis. Dr. Cynda Crawford, DVM, PhD and Clinical Assistant Professor for the Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program at the University of Florida, discusses recently identified unique disease syndromes and new test panels which are revealing a surprising number of previously unrecognized infections, such as respiratory coronavirus, influenza, pneumovirus, Mycoplasma and Streptococcus. This presentation is part of the University of Florida's Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program Read moreTrack at the 2013 No More Homeless Pets National Conference.
This workshop will help you to:
- Recognize the clinical signs of newly discovered respiratory infections.
- Develop diagnostic approaches for traditional and newly emerging respiratory infections.
- Identify acceptable rates of respiratory infection in shelters and recognize endemic and outbreak situations.
- Develop surveillance and response protocols for respiratory diseases, even when the exact cause is unknown.
Presenter: Cynda Crawford, DVM, PhD
Date: October 12, 2013
Venue: No More Homeless Pets National Conference
- 1.
We hope you have enjoyed the presentation. A certificate of attendance in your name will be awarded at the end of this quiz. Please let us know if you have viewed the entire presentation.
- A.
I certify that I have viewed the entire presentation.
- B.
I did not view the entire presentation.
Correct Answer
A. I certify that I have viewed the entire presentation. -
- 2.
The definition of kennel cough preferred by Dr. Crawford is:
- A.
A clinical syndrome of sneezing, coughing and nasal/ocular discharge with the preferred term of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD).
- B.
Infectious tracheobronchititis caused by canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica.
- C.
A series of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
- D.
A complex infection of the upper respiratory tract involving several viral and bacterial pathogens typically acting synergistically.
- E.
A clinical syndrome of coughing, vomiting and nasal discharge with the preferred term of Canine Infectious Rhinitis Disease (CIRD).
Correct Answer
A. A clinical syndrome of sneezing, coughing and nasal/ocular discharge with the preferred term of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD). -
- 3.
Which of the following is not a common property of CIRD pathogens?
- A.
They are highly contagious and easily transmitted in kennel settings.
- B.
They have the propensity to colonize both the upper and lower respiratory tract.
- C.
They frequently have mixed viral and bacterial co-infections.
- D.
They all cause clinical and subclinical infections.
- E.
They cause different clinical pictures.
Correct Answer
E. They cause different clinical pictures. -
- 4.
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is a multi-factorial pathogenic complex of viruses and bacteria.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 5.
The common modes of CIRD transmission include:
- A.
Fecal-oral, aerosols generated by sneezing and coughing, and fomites.
- B.
Direct contact, fecal-oral, and fomites.
- C.
Direct contact, aerosols generated by sneezing and coughing, and fomites.
- D.
Direct contact, aerosols generated by sneezing and coughing, and fecal-oral.
- E.
Open wounds, aerosols generated by sneezing and coughing, and fomites.
Correct Answer
C. Direct contact, aerosols generated by sneezing and coughing, and fomites. -
- 6.
Bordetella bronchiseptica is no longer a frequent pathogen for shelter dogs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 7.
Which of the following is not true regarding canine distemper virus (CDV)?
- A.
It is a frequent cause of depopulation in shelters.
- B.
It is a systemic infection (i.e., it is not confined to the respiratory tract).
- C.
The infection of multiple systems confounds recognition and causes frequent misdiagnosis.
- D.
It is effectively treated with antiviral drugs.
- E.
Virus is shed from the respiratory tract, as well as in the feces and urine.
Correct Answer
D. It is effectively treated with antiviral drugs. -
- 8.
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is:
- A.
An emerging CIRD pathogen.
- B.
A common cause of CIRD and most dogs are susceptible.
- C.
Endemic in many shelters.
- D.
Not related to the canine enteric coronavirus.
- E.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
E. All of the above. -
- 9.
Which of the following is not true regarding Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Strep zoo)?
- A.
It has two clinical syndromes.
- B.
One of the clinical syndromes is sudden death due to fulminant hemorrhagic pneumonia.
- C.
One of the clinical syndromes is cough/nasal discharge that rapidly progresses within hours to respiratory distress, hemorrhage from nose and death.
- D.
It is sensitive to penicillin, Clavamox, cephalexin and Convenia.
- E.
It is sensitive to doxycycline and fluoroquinolones.
Correct Answer
E. It is sensitive to doxycycline and fluoroquinolones. -
- 10.
The triggers for investing in diagnostic testing for respiratory infections include all of the following except:
- A.
Increased number of sick dogs.
- B.
Increased number of puppies in the shelter.
- C.
Increased severity of disease, including pneumonia and death.
- D.
Increased duration of disease.
- E.
Increased complaints from adopters and community veterinarians.
Correct Answer
B. Increased number of puppies in the shelter. -
- 11.
Rules and tools for life-saving intervention for respiratory infections include all of the following except:
- A.
Diagnostic testing.
- B.
Isolation of sick animals and quarantine of exposed animals.
- C.
Environmental enrichment.
- D.
A clean break to prevent exposure of new animals.
- E.
Strict biosecurity protocols.
Correct Answer
C. Environmental enrichment. -
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