1.
Who first started to settle in Britain in ca. A.D. 400?
Correct Answer
D. Christian monks
Explanation
Christian monks were the first to start settling in Britain around A.D. 400. This is because during this time, Christianity was spreading across Europe, and monks played a crucial role in the spread of the religion. They established monastic communities and built churches, becoming the first permanent settlers in Britain. The Celtic druids were a religious group in Britain before the arrival of Christianity, but they were not the first to settle. Norman priests and Roman emperors also came later in history, so they cannot be the correct answer.
2.
In which year is it thought that the British pagan religions had been totally replaced by Christianity?
Correct Answer
C. Ca. 699
Explanation
In the year ca. 699, it is believed that the British pagan religions had been completely replaced by Christianity. This suggests that by this time, Christianity had become the dominant religion in Britain, and pagan beliefs and practices were no longer widely followed or accepted.
3.
Which of the following is a Christian belief?
Correct Answer
D. Providence
Explanation
Providence is a Christian belief that refers to the belief that God is actively involved in the world and has a plan for each individual's life. It is the understanding that God's guidance and protection are present in all aspects of life, and that everything happens for a reason according to God's will. This belief is rooted in the idea that God is all-knowing and all-powerful, and that He works in mysterious ways to bring about His purposes. Providence is a central concept in Christianity and is often associated with trust and surrender to God's divine plan.
4.
“Animism” was typical of ancient tribes. Which of these options best describes this trend of thought?
Correct Answer
C. That everything has its own soul or spirit
Explanation
The best description for the trend of thought known as "Animism" is that everything has its own soul or spirit. This belief system is commonly associated with ancient tribes, who believed that not only humans but also animals, plants, and even inanimate objects possessed a spiritual essence. Animism is rooted in the idea that all living and non-living entities have consciousness and should be respected and revered. This belief was central to the spiritual and cultural practices of many ancient societies.
5.
In medieval numerology, which number represented perfection?
Correct Answer
B. 3
Explanation
In medieval numerology, the number 3 was believed to represent perfection. This belief stemmed from various religious and cultural associations with the number. In Christianity, for example, the Holy Trinity consists of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, which are seen as a perfect unity. Additionally, the number 3 is often associated with balance and harmony, as it is the result of adding two opposing forces (1 and 2) together. Therefore, in medieval numerology, the number 3 was considered the symbol of perfection.
6.
In the Anglo-Saxon world, what was considered the worst kind of punishment?
Correct Answer
D. Exile
Explanation
Exile was considered the worst kind of punishment in the Anglo-Saxon world. Exile involved banishing an individual from their homeland and community, cutting them off from their social support system and leaving them vulnerable and alone. It was seen as a severe form of punishment because it not only physically removed the person from their familiar surroundings, but also stripped them of their identity and belonging. Exile was a harsh and isolating punishment that inflicted both physical and psychological suffering on the individual.
7.
What was the Anglo-Saxon ritual of gift-giving called?
Correct Answer
A. Widsith
Explanation
Widsith is the correct answer because it refers to the Anglo-Saxon ritual of gift-giving. Widsith is an Old English poem that describes the travels and adventures of a fictional scop (bard) named Widsith. The poem includes references to the exchange of gifts and the importance of generosity in Anglo-Saxon society. Therefore, Widsith is the ritual of gift-giving in Anglo-Saxon culture.
8.
Which of the following was considered a virtue and moral duty in Anglo-Saxon culture?
Correct Answer
C. Revenge
Explanation
Revenge was considered a virtue and moral duty in Anglo-Saxon culture. In this culture, seeking revenge was seen as a way to maintain honor and protect one's reputation. It was believed that avenging a wrong or injury was necessary to restore balance and justice. Revenge was seen as a way to assert dominance and display strength in the face of conflict. It was deeply ingrained in their societal values and was considered a noble act.
9.
What does the “King and Comitatus” relationship state?
Correct Answer
A. That the Lord must provide shelter and riches to his thanes in return for protection
Explanation
The "King and Comitatus" relationship states that the Lord must provide shelter and riches to his thanes in return for protection. This means that the Lord, as the leader, is responsible for taking care of his thanes by providing them with shelter and wealth. In exchange, the thanes are expected to offer their loyalty and protection to the Lord. This reciprocal relationship ensures the mutual benefit and support between the Lord and his thanes.
10.
Which of these rituals were carried out by Anglo-Saxon warriors before they went into battle?
Correct Answer
C. Boasting
Explanation
Anglo-Saxon warriors would engage in boasting before going into battle. Boasting was a ritualistic practice that involved warriors boasting about their own skills, bravery, and accomplishments. This act of boasting served multiple purposes, such as boosting the warriors' confidence, intimidating their enemies, and fostering a sense of camaraderie among the warriors. By boasting, the warriors were able to psych themselves up for battle and display their prowess to their comrades and foes alike.
11.
Anglo-Saxon epic poems were sung by which highly respected people?
Correct Answer
A. Scops
Explanation
Scops were highly respected people who sang Anglo-Saxon epic poems. They were skilled poets and musicians who played a significant role in preserving and passing down the oral tradition of the Anglo-Saxon culture. These poems, known as epics, were often performed in the mead halls of kings and nobles, entertaining and educating the audience about heroic deeds, legends, and the history of their people. Scops were considered important figures in society, as their ability to recite and perform these poems showcased their knowledge, artistry, and connection to the rich cultural heritage of the Anglo-Saxons.
12.
The mnemonic function is linked to the oral tradition of Anglo-Saxon literature. What was it used for?
Correct Answer
D. To aid memory
Explanation
The mnemonic function in Anglo-Saxon literature was used to aid memory. Mnemonic devices were employed to help the audience remember and recall important information, such as genealogies, historical events, or moral lessons. These devices could include alliteration, repetition, or other patterns in the language or structure of the text. By using mnemonic techniques, the oral tradition of Anglo-Saxon literature ensured that important knowledge and cultural heritage could be passed down through generations accurately and effectively.
13.
During the Anglo-Saxon period, the ruling motive of every noble life was what?
Correct Answer
A. Love of glory
Explanation
During the Anglo-Saxon period, the ruling motive of every noble life was the love of glory. This means that the nobles were driven by a desire for recognition, fame, and honor. They sought to achieve great feats, such as heroic deeds in battle, in order to gain prestige and be remembered for their accomplishments. The love of glory was a central aspect of their culture and influenced their actions and decisions.
14.
In which of these centuries is Beowulf's plot set?
Correct Answer
B. 5th Century A.D.
Explanation
Beowulf's plot is set in the 5th Century A.D. This can be inferred from various historical and cultural references in the poem, such as the mention of the Danes and Geats, who were active during this time period. Additionally, the poem reflects the values and beliefs of the Anglo-Saxon society, which thrived during the 5th Century A.D.
15.
In which of these centuries is the oral version of the anonymous poem thought to be composed?
Correct Answer
C. 8th Century A.D.
Explanation
The correct answer is 8th Century A.D. The oral version of the anonymous poem is believed to have been composed in the 8th century A.D.
16.
When did two Christian scribes write the Beowulf MS.?
Correct Answer
C. 10th Century A.D.
Explanation
The correct answer is 10th Century A.D. The Beowulf manuscript was written by two Christian scribes in the 10th century. This is determined through analysis of the handwriting style and linguistic features of the text, which align with the time period. Additionally, the Christian themes and references present in the poem suggest that it was written during a time when Christianity was prevalent in the Anglo-Saxon culture.
17.
Before being moved to the British Museum in 1753, the Beowulf MS. formed part of a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by which English antiquarian?
Correct Answer
B. Sir Robert Bruce Cotton
Explanation
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton was an English antiquarian who assembled a collection of medieval manuscripts, including the Beowulf MS. This collection was later moved to the British Museum in 1753.
18.
In which year was the Beowulf MS. badly damaged by a fire at Ashburnham House in Westminster?
Correct Answer
B. 1731
Explanation
In 1731, the Beowulf MS. was badly damaged by a fire at Ashburnham House in Westminster.
19.
The Beowulf MS. is mainly written in which dialect?
Correct Answer
C. West Saxon
Explanation
The Beowulf MS. is mainly written in West Saxon dialect. This dialect was prevalent in the region of Wessex, which is located in the south of England. The choice of this dialect for the manuscript is significant because it reflects the language and dialect spoken by the Anglo-Saxons during the time the poem was composed. Additionally, the West Saxon dialect was considered to be the most prestigious and influential dialect during the Old English period. Hence, it was the preferred choice for literary works such as Beowulf.
20.
How many verses is Beowulf composed of?
Correct Answer
C. 3186
Explanation
Beowulf is composed of 3186 verses. This is the correct answer because it directly states the number of verses in the poem. There is no additional information or context provided in the question that would suggest a different answer.
21.
Which of these is not a defining feature of Beowulf’s couplet structure?
Correct Answer
D. “End-rhymes” of the final syllable sounds
Explanation
The correct answer is "End-rhymes" of the final syllable sounds. Beowulf's couplet structure does not rely on end-rhymes of the final syllable sounds. Instead, it is characterized by a fairly free number of unstressed syllables, "head-rhymes" of syllable-initial sounds, and two heavily stressed syllables in each unit.
22.
In the poem, each verse is divided into two sections, called hemistichs. Which literary device is used to create the pause in between the hemistichs?
Correct Answer
C. Caesura
Explanation
In the given poem, the pause between the two sections of each verse is created by a literary device called "caesura." Caesura is a technique where a pause is intentionally placed within a line of poetry, usually marked by punctuation or a natural break in the syntax. This pause helps to create rhythm and emphasis, allowing the reader to pause and reflect on the meaning of the verse.
23.
The terms “orcneas” and “ealuscerwen” appear only once in Beowulf. What are they examples of?
Correct Answer
D. Hapax legomena
Explanation
The terms "orcneas" and "ealuscerwen" appearing only once in Beowulf suggest that they are examples of hapax legomena. Hapax legomena refers to words or terms that appear only once in a text or within a particular language. In this case, the fact that these terms are unique occurrences in Beowulf indicates that they are rare or uncommon words within the context of the poem.
24.
How would you describe the poem’s elegiac mood?
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The poem's elegiac mood can be described as lyrical, dignified, and solemn. The use of lyrical language and imagery creates a sense of beauty and emotion, while the dignified tone adds a sense of seriousness and importance. The solemn mood further emphasizes the poem's mournful and reflective nature. All of these elements contribute to the elegiac mood of the poem.
25.
Which of these kennings is not used in Beowulf to refer to the sea?
Correct Answer
D. Tear-pond
Explanation
In Beowulf, the kennings are poetic metaphors used to describe different things. The kennings used in Beowulf to refer to the sea are "sail-road," "bath-way," and "whale-path." These kennings all describe the sea in different ways, highlighting its connection to travel, bathing, and the presence of whales. However, "tear-pond" is not used in Beowulf to refer to the sea. This kennings suggests a body of water formed by tears, which is not a common metaphor used to describe the sea in the poem.
26.
Under which Old English poetic genre can Beowulf be classified?
Correct Answer
C. Epic poem
Explanation
Beowulf can be classified as an epic poem because it is a long narrative poem that tells the story of a hero's journey and his heroic deeds. It follows the traditional structure of an epic, including the invocation of a muse, the use of elevated language and style, and the portrayal of larger-than-life characters and events. The poem also explores universal themes such as heroism, loyalty, and the struggle between good and evil.
27.
Which of these literary devices particularly characterises the text?
Correct Answer
A. Omniscient narrator
Explanation
The correct answer is "Omniscient narrator." An omniscient narrator is a literary device commonly used in storytelling where the narrator knows and sees everything, including the thoughts and feelings of all characters. This device allows the narrator to provide a broader perspective and insight into the story, enhancing the reader's understanding of the events and characters.
28.
Which of the following is not a major theme in Beowulf?
Correct Answer
C. Love vs. lust
Explanation
The major theme of Beowulf is not love vs. lust. The epic poem primarily focuses on honor as a virtue in Anglo-Saxon life, pride which can lead to negative consequences, and the conflict between fate and providence. Love vs. lust is not a central theme in Beowulf, as the story revolves more around heroic deeds, battles, and the struggle between good and evil.
29.
According to the poem, which elements construct a person’s identity?
Correct Answer
D. A) and c) are correct
Explanation
According to the poem, a person's identity is constructed by their deeds, courage, and lineage. Deeds and courage reflect the actions and bravery of an individual, which contribute to their character and identity. Lineage refers to one's family background and ancestry, which can shape a person's identity through inherited traits, values, and traditions. Therefore, both options a) and c) are correct as they encompass the elements that construct a person's identity as portrayed in the poem.
30.
From which Northern Germanic tribe does Beowulf originate?
Correct Answer
D. The Geats
Explanation
Beowulf originates from the Geats, a Northern Germanic tribe. This can be inferred from the epic poem "Beowulf" itself, which tells the story of a Geatish hero named Beowulf. The poem describes his adventures and battles, highlighting his Geatish heritage. The Geats were a tribe that lived in what is now southern Sweden, and Beowulf is portrayed as a noble and courageous warrior from this tribe.
31.
What is the name of the great mead hall described in Beowulf as “the foremost of halls under heaven”?
Correct Answer
A. Heorot
Explanation
Heorot is the correct answer to the question. In the epic poem Beowulf, Heorot is described as the greatest mead hall in the world. It is referred to as "the foremost of halls under heaven." The name Heorot translates to "hart" or "stag," symbolizing strength and nobility. The hall is a central setting in the story, where the warriors gather to feast and celebrate their victories. However, it is also plagued by the attacks of the monster Grendel, which sets the stage for Beowulf's heroic battles.
32.
Hrothgar is the King of which tribe?
Correct Answer
B. The Danes
Explanation
Hrothgar is the King of the Danes. This can be inferred from the question, which asks for the tribe that Hrothgar is the King of. The correct answer, "The Danes," directly corresponds to Hrothgar's tribe.
33.
For how many years has Grendel been terrorising the Danes before Beowulf’s arrival?
Correct Answer
C. 12 years
Explanation
Grendel has been terrorising the Danes for 12 years before Beowulf's arrival. This implies that the Danes have been suffering from Grendel's attacks for a significant amount of time, which adds to the urgency and importance of Beowulf's mission to defeat the monster. Grendel's long reign of terror also highlights the bravery and strength of Beowulf, as he is willing to confront and put an end to the menace that has plagued the Danes for over a decade.
34.
Before the epic battle between Beowulf and Grendel in the great hall, which of these events takes place?
Correct Answer
C. Grendel kills one of Beowulf’s men
Explanation
Before the epic battle between Beowulf and Grendel in the great hall, Grendel kills one of Beowulf’s men. This event sets the stage for the battle and adds to the tension and conflict between Beowulf and Grendel. It establishes the threat and danger that Grendel poses to Beowulf and his men, motivating Beowulf to seek revenge and confront Grendel.
35.
Grendel and his mother are described as the descendents of which biblical figure?
Correct Answer
B. Cain
Explanation
Grendel and his mother are described as the descendants of Cain. In the biblical story of Cain and Abel, Cain kills his brother Abel and is subsequently cursed by God. As a result, he becomes a wanderer and his descendants are believed to be cursed as well. Grendel and his mother, who are depicted as monstrous beings in the epic poem Beowulf, are said to be part of this cursed lineage. This connection emphasizes their evil nature and reinforces the theme of the consequences of sin and violence in the poem.
36.
How does Beowulf kill Grendel?
Correct Answer
B. By pulling off his arm
Explanation
Beowulf kills Grendel by pulling off his arm. This is seen in the epic poem "Beowulf" where Beowulf engages in a fierce battle with Grendel. Beowulf uses his immense strength to grip Grendel's arm and forcefully tears it from his body, causing Grendel to retreat and later die from his injuries. This act of physical strength and bravery demonstrates Beowulf's heroic qualities and his ability to defeat powerful enemies.
37.
After Grendel dies in the marshes, his mother decides to take revenge. Which warrior does she kill in the hall?
Correct Answer
D. Æschere
Explanation
After Grendel's death in the marshes, his mother seeks revenge and kills Æschere in the hall.
38.
How does Unferth show Beowulf that he wishes to make amends with him?
Correct Answer
D. By giving him his sword “Hrunting”
Explanation
Unferth shows Beowulf that he wishes to make amends with him by giving him his sword "Hrunting". This act symbolizes a gesture of trust and reconciliation, as Unferth is offering Beowulf his weapon, which holds significant value and represents his warrior status. By giving Beowulf his sword, Unferth is demonstrating his willingness to put aside their previous conflicts and support Beowulf in his battle against Grendel. This action signifies Unferth's desire to make amends and establish a new alliance with Beowulf.
39.
The sword which Beowulf finds on a cabinet and uses to behead Grendel’s mother is made of which metal?
Correct Answer
A. Gold
Explanation
In the epic poem Beowulf, the sword that Beowulf finds and uses to behead Grendel's mother is made of gold. This is significant because gold is often associated with wealth, power, and prestige. The fact that Beowulf wields a golden sword emphasizes his heroic status and his ability to overcome supernatural beings. Additionally, the use of a golden sword adds to the mythical and fantastical elements of the story, highlighting the legendary nature of Beowulf's adventures.
40.
When Beowulf discovers Grendel’s corpse in the lair, what does he decide to do?
Correct Answer
D. Sever his head to take to Heorot
Explanation
After discovering Grendel's corpse in the lair, Beowulf decides to sever his head to take it to Heorot. This decision is in line with Beowulf's heroic nature and his desire to prove his victory over the monster. By bringing Grendel's head back to Heorot, Beowulf demonstrates his valor and provides tangible evidence of his triumph to the people of Geatland. This action also serves as a symbolic gesture, showing that Beowulf has successfully rid the land of the monstrous threat.
41.
What does Hrothgar give Beowulf to show his appreciation for killing Grendel’s mother?
Correct Answer
C. He gives him the sword “Nægling”
Explanation
Hrothgar gives Beowulf the sword "Nægling" to show his appreciation for killing Grendel's mother.
42.
After his triumphant return to Geatland, Beowulf does what?
Correct Answer
A. Recounts his adventures to King Hygelac and Queen Hygd
Explanation
After his triumphant return to Geatland, Beowulf recounts his adventures to King Hygelac and Queen Hygd. This suggests that Beowulf wants to share his brave and heroic deeds with his rulers, possibly to gain their admiration and respect. It also shows his loyalty and dedication to his kingdom, as he takes the time to update his leaders on his accomplishments.
43.
Following the successive deaths of both Hygelac and his son, Beowulf becomes the King of the Geats, ruling wisely for how many years?
Correct Answer
D. 50
Explanation
After the deaths of Hygelac and his son, Beowulf becomes the King of the Geats and rules wisely for 50 years. This implies that Beowulf's reign was long and prosperous, allowing him to establish stability and make wise decisions for the Geats for a significant period of time.
44.
What does the slave-thief do to enrage the dragon before its fight with Beowulf?
Correct Answer
B. Steals a cup from the treasure-hoard it was guarding
Explanation
The slave-thief enrages the dragon by stealing a cup from the treasure-hoard it was guarding.
45.
Beowulf eventually manages to slay the dragon by stabbing which part of its body?
Correct Answer
C. Side
Explanation
Beowulf manages to slay the dragon by stabbing its side. This is because the dragon's side is likely to be a vulnerable area, where its scales may be thinner or less protected. By targeting the side, Beowulf can penetrate the dragon's defenses and inflict a fatal blow.
46.
When Beowulf realises that the dragon's bite is venomous and he is dying, what does he ask of Wiglaf?
Correct Answer
A. To assure that his ashes are buried with the dragon’s treasure
Explanation
Beowulf asks Wiglaf to assure that his ashes are buried with the dragon's treasure. This shows Beowulf's desire to be remembered and honored for his bravery and accomplishments. By requesting that his ashes be buried with the dragon's treasure, Beowulf wants to leave a lasting legacy and be associated with the wealth and power of the dragon. This also reflects Beowulf's warrior culture, where the spoils of battle and conquest hold great significance.
47.
What does the gift of the golden torque symbolise in the poem?
Correct Answer
A. Transferral of power
Explanation
The gift of the golden torque symbolizes the transferral of power in the poem. This suggests that the torque is not just a physical object, but a representation of authority and control. It implies that the person who receives the torque is being entrusted with the responsibility and leadership that comes with power. This interpretation aligns with the idea that power can be passed down or transferred from one person to another, highlighting the significance of this gift in the poem.
48.
Beowulf’s funeral barrow overlooks what?
Correct Answer
C. The sea
Explanation
Beowulf's funeral barrow overlooks the sea. This is significant because the sea represents a powerful and ever-changing force in the poem. It symbolizes both the dangers that Beowulf faced in his life as a warrior and the vastness of the world beyond his kingdom. By overlooking the sea, Beowulf's final resting place is connected to the themes of adventure, heroism, and the inevitability of death that are central to the poem.
49.
After Beowulf’s death, what do the Geats fear?
Correct Answer
D. That enemy tribes from the North and South will attack them
Explanation
After Beowulf's death, the Geats fear that enemy tribes from the North and South will attack them. This fear arises from the fact that Beowulf was a great warrior and leader who protected the Geats from external threats. With his death, the Geats worry that they will be vulnerable to attacks from neighboring tribes who may see this as an opportunity to invade their lands and seize power. This fear reflects the precarious nature of their existence and the constant need for strong leadership to ensure their safety and security.
50.
Which two virtues need to find a balance in great rulers according to the text?
Correct Answer
A. Prudence and courage
Explanation
According to the text, great rulers need to balance prudence and courage. Prudence refers to the ability to make wise decisions and exercise good judgment, while courage is the willingness to take risks and face challenges. A ruler who is too cautious may miss opportunities, while one who is overly impulsive may make reckless decisions. Therefore, finding a balance between prudence and courage is crucial for effective leadership.