Biochemistry Basics (Msq Drill 270)
www. Medicalschoolquizzes. Com byDrKash
- 1.
What is the principal neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
- A.
Acetycholine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Acetycholine
- E.
Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
E. NorepinepHrine -
- 2.
Neurons are classified according to the
- A.
Neurotransmitter that they secrete
- B.
The receptor that they interact with
Correct Answer
A. Neurotransmitter that they secrete -
- 3.
Neurons that secrete acetycholine are considered as _____________ neurons.
- A.
Adrenergic
- B.
Cholinergic
- C.
Acetycholinergic
- D.
Dopaminergic
- E.
Sympathetic
Correct Answer
B. Cholinergic -
- 4.
Which of the following is the fastest method of communication?
- A.
Hormonal
- B.
Neurotransmitter
- C.
Paracrine
- D.
Autocrine
Correct Answer
B. Neurotransmitter -
- 5.
Which synapses are more common?
- A.
Chemical
- B.
Electrical
Correct Answer
A. Chemical -
- 6.
Is the synaptic cleft filled with sodium only?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
B. NoExplanation
There are a lot of sub-structures such as fibers of basal lamina.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Can retrograde signalling affect neurotransmitter release of the pre-synaptic cell?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
This is an example of cell cell communication. This feedback loop is thought to be involved in learning and memory.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Are modulatory synapses inhibitory or stimulatory or both?
- A.
Inhibitory
- B.
Stimulatory
- C.
Both
Correct Answer
C. Both -
- 9.
When serotonin is acting as a modulatory neurotransmitter what is phosphorylated?
- A.
A kinase enzyme
- B.
A pottasium channel
- C.
A sodium channel
- D.
A chloride channel
- E.
Adenylate cyclase
Correct Answer
B. A pottasium channelExplanation
serotonin is secreted from the modulatory neuron, attaches to the presynaptic receptor which undergoes a conformational change. Adenylate cyclase is used to generate cAMP which activates a protein kinase which then phosphorylates a pottasium channel.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Serotonin is an ________ neuron as the closure of potassium channels will lead to sustained depolarization as calcium is able to continue influxing - this results in increased neurotransmitter release.
- A.
Excitatory
- B.
Inhibitory
Correct Answer
A. Excitatory -
- 11.
Serotonin affects the hyperpolarizing or depolarizing ability of the cell?
- A.
Hyperpolarizing
- B.
Depolarizing
Correct Answer
A. HyperpolarizingExplanation
Hyperpolarizing the cell will lead to sustained depolarizing as potassium cannot influx back so that sodium can leave the cell.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Is there only one kind of serotonin receptor?
- A.
No, there are several types
- B.
Yes, there is only one type
Correct Answer
A. No, there are several types -
- 13.
GABA is associated with
- A.
A receptors
- B.
B receptors
- C.
C receptors
Correct Answer
B. B receptors -
- 14.
Excitatory receptors usually result in hyper or depolarization?
- A.
Deporalization
- B.
Hyperpolarization
Correct Answer
A. Deporalization -
- 15.
Serotonin is associated with
- A.
GABA receptors
- B.
5HT receptors
- C.
Sodium ion channels
- D.
Potassium ion channels
Correct Answer
B. 5HT receptors -
- 16.
What ion channels are associated with GABA -A receptors in the CNS
- A.
Pottasium
- B.
Chloride
- C.
Sodium
- D.
Calcium
Correct Answer
B. Chloride -
- 17.
What is the inhibitory ligand binding neurotramsmitter in the spinal cord and brain stem?
- A.
Glycine
- B.
GABA
- C.
Glutamate
- D.
Serotonin
Correct Answer
A. Glycine -
- 18.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a(n)
- A.
Ligand binding channel
- B.
Ion channel
- C.
Voltage gated channel
Correct Answer
B. Ion channel -
- 19.
Inside the CNS are the receptors mostly nicotinic or muscarinic?
- A.
Nicotinic
- B.
Muscarinic
Correct Answer
B. Muscarinic -
- 20.
What does the muscarinic receptor in the CNS activate?
- A.
Sodium ion channels
- B.
Potassium ion channels
- C.
Calcium ion channels
- D.
Chloride ion channels
Correct Answer
B. Potassium ion channels -
- 21.
What is the main biosynthetic enzyme for acetylcholine?
- A.
Cholinase
- B.
Acetyl-acetyl transferase
- C.
Choline acetyl transferase
- D.
Acetylase
Correct Answer
C. Choline acetyl transferase -
- 22.
What is exchanged for acetycholine in acetycholine vesicle loading?
- A.
Potassium
- B.
Proton
- C.
Sodium
- D.
Chloride
Correct Answer
B. Proton -
- 23.
What structure is responsible for retaking the vesicle from the membrane after acetylcholine has been offloaded?
- A.
Exocytosis
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Clathrin coated pits
- D.
Fusion
- E.
Budding
Correct Answer
C. Clathrin coated pits -
- 24.
Is all the acetycholinesterase in the synaptic cleft attached to the post synaptic membrane?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
B. NoExplanation
some of the enzyme is on the lamina in the synapse.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine?
- A.
Cholinase
- B.
Acetycholinesterase
- C.
Acetyl-acetyl transferase
- D.
Acetylase
Correct Answer
B. Acetycholinesterase -
- 26.
What does the acetycholine bind to on acetycholinesterase?
- A.
To a cysteine residue
- B.
To a serine residue
- C.
It does not bind to the ezyme
Correct Answer
B. To a serine residue -
- 27.
How is the acetic acid released from acetycholinesterase?
- A.
By hydroxylation of the enzyme
- B.
By deacetylating the enzyme
- C.
By hydroxylating the acetic acid
- D.
By acetylation of the enzyme
Correct Answer
D. By acetylation of the enzyme -
- 28.
Diisofluorophosphatase (DFP) AKA suicide substrate and an alkylating agent that is found in mustard gas are potent inhibitors of
- A.
N-acetyltransferase
- B.
Acetylcholinesterase
- C.
COMT
- D.
Mono-amine oxidase
Correct Answer
B. AcetylcholinesteraseExplanation
DFP alkylates the serine residue and the enzyme is dead.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Deficiencies in the nigrostriatal tract lead to parkinsoniasm. What is the neurotransmitter invoved?
- A.
GABA
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Glutamate
- E.
Glycine
Correct Answer
C. Dopamine -
- 30.
What is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
- A.
GABA
- B.
Glutamate
- C.
Glycine
- D.
Serotonin
- E.
Dopamine
Correct Answer
A. GABA -
- 31.
What is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord?
- A.
GABA
- B.
Glycine
- C.
Glutamate
- D.
Serotonin
- E.
Acetylcholine
Correct Answer
B. Glycine -
- 32.
What is the chief excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
Norepineprhine
- C.
Glutamate
- D.
Epinephrine
- E.
Histamine
Correct Answer
C. Glutamate -
- 33.
Schizophrenia is caused by excess
- A.
Serotonin
- B.
Dopamine
- C.
Acetycholine
- D.
Norepinephrine
- E.
Epinephrine
Correct Answer
B. Dopamine -
- 34.
A ___ % decrease of dopamine occurs before the onset of symptoms of parkinson's disease. They have shuflling gait, tremor, rigidity and weakness.
- A.
25%
- B.
50%
- C.
70%
- D.
88%
- E.
100%
Correct Answer
C. 70% -
- 35.
Which of the following is used to treat early Parkinson's disease?
- A.
Dopamine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Glutamate
- D.
Deprenyl - a mono amine oxidase inhibitor
Correct Answer
D. Deprenyl - a mono amine oxidase inhibitor -
- 36.
Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit the reuptake of ______ & ______. check all that apply.
- A.
Serotonin
- B.
Dopamine
- C.
Norepinephrine
- D.
Epinephrine
- E.
Acetylcholine
Correct Answer(s)
A. Serotonin
C. NorepinepHrine -
- 37.
Mono amine oxidase inhibors are used to trreat mental depression. They increase the levels of the following neurotransmitters. Check all that apply.
- A.
Dopamine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Catecholamines
- D.
Glutamate
- E.
Acetycholine
Correct Answer(s)
B. Serotonin
C. Catecholamines -
- 38.
Increasing the following neurotransmitters will assist a patient with huntington's chorea.
- A.
GABA
- B.
Acetycholine
- C.
Serotonin
- D.
Dopamine
- E.
Norepi
Correct Answer(s)
A. GABA
B. AcetycholineExplanation
There may actually be an increase in dopamine in these patients.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Dopa can be decarboxylated and hydrolyzed to form
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Norepinephrin
- C.
Carbidopa
Correct Answer
B. NorepinepHrin -
- 40.
If you methylate norepinephrine you synthesize
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Carbidopa
- C.
Catechol
- D.
Dopamine
Correct Answer
A. EpinepHrine -
- 41.
If you simply decarboxylate dopa you make
- A.
Epi
- B.
Dopamine
- C.
Norepi
- D.
Carbidopa
Correct Answer
B. Dopamine -
- 42.
What is the commited and rate limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis?
- A.
Dopamine B-hydroxylase
- B.
Tyrosine hydroxylase
- C.
Reductase
- D.
Phenyletholamine N- methyltransferase
Correct Answer
B. Tyrosine hydroxylase -
- 43.
What is the difference between a nor-adrenergic neuron and an adrenergic neuron?
- A.
Reductase
- B.
Phenylehtonalamine -N - methyltransferase
- C.
Dopamine B-hydroxylase
Correct Answer
B. pHenylehtonalamine -N - methyltransferase -
- 44.
Does dopamine or L dopa cross the blood brain barrier?
- A.
L-dopa
- B.
Dopamine
- C.
Both
- D.
Neither
Correct Answer
A. L-dopaExplanation
Dopamine does not cross the blood brain barrier.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Mono amine oxidase A works specifically on: check the two that apply
- A.
Norepi
- B.
Epi
- C.
Serotonin
- D.
Dopamine
- E.
Carbidopa
Correct Answer(s)
A. Norepi
C. Serotonin -
- 46.
MAO-A is inhibited by
- A.
Glutamine
- B.
Glycine
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Clorgyline
Correct Answer
D. Clorgyline -
- 47.
MAO-B works specifically on which two neurotransmitters?
- A.
N-Methylhistamine
- B.
Acetylcholine
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Serotonin
- E.
Epinephrine
Correct Answer(s)
A. N-Methylhistamine
C. Dopamine -
- 48.
MAO-B's are inhibited by
- A.
Clorgyline
- B.
Deprenyl
- C.
Glycine
- D.
Deprenol
Correct Answer
B. Deprenyl -
- 49.
To detect high dopamine levels what test would you choose from the following. Mono amine oxidase inhibitors are involved in the catabolic process?
- A.
Vanilllmethyltransferase
- B.
HVA - Homovanillate
- C.
Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycoaldehyde
- D.
Urine vanillilmandate
Correct Answer
B. HVA - Homovanillate -
- 50.
Norepi is catabolised to ___________ in the periphery.
- A.
VMA - vanillylmandate
- B.
HVA
- C.
Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycoaldehyde
Correct Answer
A. VMA - vanillylmandate -
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