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Same foot to same foot
B
A
28-32 inches
Yes
No
10-30 steps per minute
65-75 steps per minute
110-150 steps per minute
90-120 steps per minute
1mph
2mph
3mph
4mph
5mph
From toe off to the next toe off
From midtstance to the next midstance
From heel strike to next heel strike of the same foot
Swing
Stance
Stance phase
Swing phase
20%
60%
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Concentric - muscle actively shortening
Isometric - muscle kept at fixed length while active
Eccentric - muscle actively lengthening
Reciprocal inhibition - muscle is passivly allowing a stretch in order for a contacting muscle to do its job
For overcoming heavy loads
For safety and stabilization
For rapid muscle movements
Quadriceps - eccentric contraction
Hamstring - eccentric contraction
Hamstrings - concentric contraction
Quadriceps concentric contraction
Because the quadriceps are eccentrically flexing the knee
Because the quadriceps are concentrically extending the knee
Hamstrings - concentric
Gastroc & soleus - eccentric
Quadriceps - eccentric
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Eccentric contraction of the triceps surae
Concentric contraction of the triceps surae
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Stability in stance
Foot clearance in swing - you need to be able to bring the who foot up or else you will seing to the side
Preparation for initial contact - you have to know where you are in space
Adequate step length - nostructural diseases,
Energy conservation
Pronation
Supination
Toe off
Midstance
Heel strike
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms
To extend
To flex
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
Yes
No
Use more energy
Strain ligaments and muscles
Lose balance
True
False
Yes, that is what causes the oblique axis on the side that we are carrying the load, the sacrum then rotates forward on that axis
No, lumbar sidebending is not involved in the gait cycle.
True
False
True
False
Pronate
Supinate
Pronation keeps the foot on the ground while the foot is prepating to propel
Pronation releases the foot which aids in propulsion during toe off
Ankle and knee pain
Plantar fasciitis
Flattened arches
Internally rotated tibias
Loss of arch support during gait
Less inertia
More intertia
T6
T8
T10
T12
T10
T11
T12
T7
T8
T9
T12
Gluteus maximus muscle
Gluteus medius muscle
Gluteus minimus
The knee slightly rotates externally during stance and the pops back during swing
The knee slightly internally rotates during stance and then pops back during swing.
Longer life
Improved cardiovascular health
Immproved coordination and bone density
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