1.
What is uterine prolapse?
Correct Answer
A. Downward displacement of uterus
Explanation
Uterine prolapse refers to the downward displacement of the uterus. This condition occurs when the muscles and ligaments that support the uterus weaken, causing the uterus to descend into the vaginal canal or even protrude outside the body. Uterine prolapse can be caused by factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, chronic coughing, or aging. Symptoms may include a sensation of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis, back pain, urinary problems, and difficulty with bowel movements. Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, hormone therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity of the prolapse.
2.
Prolapse of uterus occurs as a result of:
Correct Answer
C. Weakening of the pelvic musculature
Explanation
Prolapse of the uterus occurs when the pelvic musculature weakens. The pelvic muscles play a crucial role in supporting the uterus and keeping it in its proper position. When these muscles become weak, the uterus can descend or fall out of its normal position, leading to prolapse. Weakening of the uterine walls or bones does not directly cause prolapse, as it is primarily a result of the pelvic muscle weakness.
3.
Prolapse after menopause is mainly attributed to the deficiency of which hormone?
Correct Answer
A. Estrogen
Explanation
After menopause, the levels of estrogen in a woman's body significantly decrease. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and strength of the pelvic floor muscles and tissues. These muscles support the uterus, bladder, and rectum. When estrogen levels decline, the pelvic floor muscles weaken, leading to a higher risk of prolapse. Prolapse refers to the descent or displacement of these organs from their normal positions. Therefore, the deficiency of estrogen is mainly responsible for prolapse after menopause.
4.
Which of these factors increase the risk of uterine prolapse?
Correct Answer
C. Both of the above
Explanation
Both traumatic vaginal delivery and chronic cough or constipation can increase the risk of uterine prolapse. Traumatic vaginal delivery can cause damage to the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, weakening the support for the uterus. Chronic cough or constipation can also put pressure on the pelvic floor and weaken the structures that hold the uterus in place. Therefore, both of these factors contribute to an increased risk of uterine prolapse.
5.
Which of the following actions should be avoided, in order to prevent birth injury?
Correct Answer
B. Bear down efforts before full dilatation of cervix
Explanation
Bear down efforts before full dilatation of the cervix should be avoided in order to prevent birth injury. This is because pushing or bearing down before the cervix is fully dilated can put excessive pressure on the cervix and the baby's head, increasing the risk of tearing or other birth injuries. It is important to wait until the cervix is fully dilated before pushing during labor to ensure a safe and smooth delivery.
6.
Which of these actions make a woman more prone to develop uterine prolapse in future?
Correct Answer
C. Both of the above.
Explanation
Both downward pressure on the uterine fundus to deliver the placenta and resumption of heavy work soon after delivery can increase the risk of uterine prolapse in the future. Downward pressure on the uterine fundus during delivery can weaken the supporting structures of the uterus, making it more susceptible to prolapse. Similarly, resuming heavy work too soon after delivery can put excessive strain on the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, further increasing the risk of uterine prolapse. Therefore, both of these actions can contribute to the development of uterine prolapse in the future.
7.
What is second degree uterine prolapse?
Correct Answer
A. Descent of cervix up to the vaginal orifice
Explanation
Second degree uterine prolapse refers to the descent of the cervix up to the vaginal orifice. This means that the cervix has dropped down and is protruding into the vagina, but it has not yet completely come out of the vaginal opening. This is a common condition in which the ligaments and muscles that support the uterus become weak, causing the uterus to sag or fall into the vaginal canal. It is important to note that this answer is specific to second degree uterine prolapse and may not apply to other degrees of prolapse.
8.
Which of these is not a symptom of uterine prolapse?
Correct Answer
B. Itching in vulva or vagina
Explanation
Uterine prolapse is a condition where the uterus descends into the vagina. Common symptoms of uterine prolapse include a feeling of something descending in the vagina, backache or dragging pain, and a bearing-down feeling in the pelvis. Itching in the vulva or vagina, however, is not typically associated with uterine prolapse.