Latihan Soal SiSTEM Respirasi

Oksigen meninggalkan alveolus dan masuk ke pembuluh darah melalui proses difusi. Difusi adalah perpindahan zat dari daerah konsentrasi tinggi ke daerah konsentrasi rendah. Dalam hal ini, oksigen yang memiliki konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi di alveolus akan bergerak secara alami ke dalam pembuluh darah yang memiliki konsentrasi oksigen yang lebih rendah melalui membran alveolus-kapiler. Proses difusi ini memungkinkan oksigen untuk diserap oleh darah dan didistribusikan ke seluruh tubuh.

The correct answer is "faring-tenggorokan-bronkus-bronkiolus-alveolus". This is the correct sequence of respiratory organs in humans, starting from the outside and moving towards the inside. The air enters through the pharynx (faring), then passes through the larynx (tenggorokan), followed by the bronchi (bronkus), bronchioles (bronkiolus), and finally reaches the alveoli (alveolus) where gas exchange occurs.

The correct answer is "volume tidal." Volume tidal refers to the amount of air that is taken in by the lungs during one normal breath. It is the normal, resting breathing volume and does not include any additional air that can be inhaled or exhaled forcefully. The other options, such as kapasitas vital paru-paru and kapasitas total, refer to different lung capacities that involve more than just the normal breath.

The given options list various respiratory disorders that are associated with smoking. Emphysema, bronchitis, lung cancer, and asthma are all known to be linked to smoking. However, oral cancer is not primarily caused by smoking but rather by factors such as tobacco chewing, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene. Therefore, the correct answer is "kanker mulut" (oral cancer).

Karbon dioksida dialirkan dalam darah dalam bentuk HCO3.

During inhalation, the muscles between the ribs (intercostal muscles) contract. This contraction causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards, increasing the volume of the chest cavity. As a result, the pressure inside the chest cavity decreases. This decrease in pressure creates a pressure gradient between the outside air and the lungs, causing air to flow into the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is "berkontraksi, tekanan udara rongga dada tinggi" which means "contract, high pressure in the chest cavity".

Asidosis adalah kondisi ketika kadar asam dalam tubuh meningkat. Gejala asidosis pada penderita pneumonia adalah manifestasi dari gangguan proses pengangkutan karbondioksida. Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada paru-paru yang dapat mengganggu fungsi normal paru-paru, termasuk proses pengangkutan karbondioksida. Jika proses pengangkutan karbondioksida terganggu, maka karbondioksida akan menumpuk dalam darah dan menyebabkan peningkatan kadar asam dalam tubuh. Oleh karena itu, karbondioksida adalah jawaban yang tepat.

The correct answer is "diafragma relaksasi, tulang rusuk relaksasi, rongga dada mengecil". This is because during inspiration, the diaphragm, which is a dome-shaped muscle located at the bottom of the ribcage, relaxes and moves upward, while the ribs also relax and move downward. This relaxation of the diaphragm and ribs decreases the volume of the chest cavity, causing the lungs to expand and air to be drawn into the lungs. Therefore, the correct mechanism of inspiration involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and ribs, leading to a decrease in the size of the chest cavity.