Latihan Pts Kelas 8 Semester 2

When we eat while talking, we tend to swallow larger pieces of food without properly chewing them. This can lead to the food getting stuck in the pharynx or the back of the throat, causing choking or gagging. Therefore, it is recommended not to eat while talking to prevent choking incidents. The correct answer, option B, "Faring," refers to the pharynx, which is the part of the throat that connects the mouth and the esophagus.

Bilirubin merupakan salah satu hasil pengeluaran hati yang berasal dari pembongkaran sel darah merah.

The pancreas is not an excretory organ in the human body. It is primarily involved in the production of digestive enzymes and the regulation of blood sugar levels. The liver is responsible for the excretion of waste products, such as bilirubin, while the lungs excrete carbon dioxide during respiration. The kidneys are the main excretory organs, responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

The correct answer is B. alveolus. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the respiratory system occurs in the alveolus. The alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are surrounded by capillaries, where the exchange of gases takes place. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses out of the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Pada bagian hidung (X), terjadi proses penyaringan udara oleh rambut dan selaput lendir. Rambut dan selaput lendir di hidung berfungsi untuk menangkap partikel-partikel kecil dan debu yang terdapat dalam udara yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Proses penyaringan ini membantu mencegah partikel-partikel tersebut masuk ke dalam saluran pernapasan yang lebih dalam, sehingga melindungi paru-paru dan organ pernapasan lainnya dari kerusakan atau iritasi yang dapat disebabkan oleh partikel-partikel tersebut.

The correct answer is B because the function of the excretory system in humans is to eliminate metabolic waste products that are no longer usable by the body. This includes substances like urea, carbon dioxide, and excess salts that are produced during cellular metabolism. The excretory system helps maintain homeostasis by removing these waste products from the body and preventing their accumulation, which can be harmful to overall health.

When our blood lacks hemoglobin, it means that there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Therefore, if our blood lacks hemoglobin, it will result in a decreased ability to carry and deliver oxygen to the tissues and organs, leading to a condition known as hypoxia or oxygen deficiency in the blood.

The correct answer is B. N/m2. In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa), which is defined as one Newton per square meter (N/m2). This unit represents the force of one Newton applied over an area of one square meter. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it represents the SI unit of pressure.

The correct answer is A. The part of the kidney indicated by the letter P is responsible for the process of filtration that produces primary urine.

The correct answer is B because it follows the correct sequence of the respiratory system in humans, starting from the pharynx (faring), then the larynx (laring), followed by the trachea (trakea), bronchus (bronkus), bronchioles (bronkiolus), and finally the alveoli (alveolus). This sequence represents the pathway of air as it enters the respiratory system and reaches the site of gas exchange in the alveoli.

The correct answer is A. The explanation for this is that pressure is defined as the force per unit area. Therefore, the factors that can affect the magnitude of pressure are the force applied (gaya tekanan) and the area over which the force is applied (luas bidang tekan). The greater the force applied or the smaller the area, the higher the pressure will be.

Nefritis is the correct answer because it refers to kidney disease caused by damage to the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidneys. Other options such as kidney stones (batu ginjal), diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure (gagal ginjal) are not specifically related to damage to the nephrons.

The correct answer is A. The correct sequence of urine formation is filtration, reabsorption, and augmentation. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus of the kidney, where water and small solutes are filtered out of the blood into the renal tubules. Reabsorption then takes place, where the majority of water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Finally, augmentation occurs, where certain substances are added to the filtrate to further modify its composition before it is excreted as urine.

The correct answer is B. 73 cmHg. The height of a place is given as 300 meters above sea level. Since air pressure decreases with increasing altitude, the atmospheric pressure at this place would be lower than at sea level. The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 760 mmHg or 101.3 kPa. Using the barometric formula, which states that atmospheric pressure decreases by approximately 1 mmHg for every 10 meters of altitude increase, we can estimate that the atmospheric pressure at this place would be around 73 cmHg.

The hydraulic car lift in the given image has two suction cups with areas A1 = 15 cm2 and A2 = 600 cm2. The force applied to the smaller suction cup is F1 = 500 N. According to Pascal's law, the pressure exerted by the fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally in all directions. Since the areas of the suction cups are different, the force exerted on the larger suction cup (F2) will be greater than the force exerted on the smaller suction cup (F1). By using the formula F1/A1 = F2/A2, we can calculate F2 to be 20,000 N. Therefore, the weight that can be lifted is 20,000 N.

The correct answer is "D. udara residu". Udara residu refers to the air that remains in the lungs even after forcefully exhaling as much as possible. This residual air helps to keep the lungs inflated and prevents them from collapsing completely. The other options, udara komplementer, kapasitas vital, and kapasitas total, refer to different measurements of lung capacity but do not specifically describe the air that remains in the lungs after exhaling.

The pressure exerted by Budi on the cart can be calculated by dividing the force applied (90 Newton) by the area of his palm (150 cm2). This can be converted to m2 by dividing by 10,000 (1 m2 = 10,000 cm2). Therefore, the pressure exerted by Budi on the cart is 90/150/10,000 = 0.0006 N/m2. This is equivalent to 3,000 N/m2. Therefore, the correct answer is A. 3,000 N/m2.

The correct answer is B because when the air is cold, the kidneys produce more urine in order to maintain body temperature. At the same time, the skin reduces its production of sweat to conserve heat. This close relationship between the kidneys and the skin helps regulate body temperature in different environmental conditions.

When the pressure of the balloon is doubled from 5 atm to 20 atm, the volume of the balloon will be halved. Therefore, the volume of the balloon will become 10 m3 divided by 2, which is equal to 5 m3. However, none of the options provided match this answer. Therefore, the correct answer is not available.

When you exhale onto a mirror, the mirror becomes foggy because the process of respiration produces water vapor (H2O). This is why option D, "menghasilkan H2O" (produces H2O), is the correct answer.

During breathing, air is inhaled from the nasal cavity and enters the trachea through the larynx. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is located between the pharynx (throat) and the trachea. It plays a crucial role in the respiratory system as it houses the vocal cords and helps regulate the flow of air into the lungs. Therefore, option B, laring (larynx), is the correct answer.

The vital capacity of the lungs is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. In this scenario, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the supplementary air is 1500 mL, the complementary air is 1500 mL, and the residual air is 1500 mL. To calculate the vital capacity, we add the tidal volume, supplementary air, and complementary air, which gives us 500 mL + 1500 mL + 1500 mL = 3500 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is B. 3,500 mL.

When we eat while talking, there is a higher chance of food entering the wrong passage and getting stuck in the throat. The pharynx, or the throat, is the common passage for both food and air. Therefore, eating while talking can lead to choking, which occurs in the pharynx.

Menghirup udara melalui hidung lebih baik karena hidung memiliki rambut-rambut halus yang berfungsi untuk menyaring partikel-partikel kecil dan debu yang terdapat di udara. Selain itu, udara yang masuk melalui hidung juga dapat diatur kelembabannya sehingga tidak terlalu kering. Hidung juga dapat menyesuaikan suhu udara yang masuk sehingga udara yang masuk ke dalam paru-paru memiliki suhu yang sesuai dengan tubuh. Namun, volume udara yang masuk tidak akan disesuaikan oleh hidung.

Based on the given image, it can be observed that the brick is placed in three different positions. In position (i), the brick is placed vertically, exerting a larger force on the floor compared to position (iii) where it is placed horizontally. This is because the weight of the brick is concentrated on a smaller area in position (i), resulting in a higher pressure on the floor. Therefore, the correct statement is that the pressure experienced by the floor in position (i) is greater than in position (iii).

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The pressure exerted by an object is calculated by dividing the force applied by the area over which the force is distributed. In this case, the force exerted by the wooden box is 400 N. The area over which the force is distributed is the product of the length and width of the box, which is 2m x 1m = 2 m². Therefore, the pressure exerted by the box is 400 N / 2 m² = 200 N/m².

The correct answer is C. The correct sequence of urine flow starts from the renal pelvis (rongga ginjal), then moves through the ureter (ureter), then into the bladder (kantong kemih), and finally exits through the urethra (uretra).

The correct answer is D. penimbunan air di kaki. Damage to the filtration apparatus in the kidneys can result in the leakage of albumin and other proteins into the urine. This condition is known as proteinuria. When protein levels in the blood decrease, it can lead to a decrease in the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, causing fluid to accumulate in the tissues, particularly in the lower extremities such as the legs and ankles. This accumulation of fluid is known as edema, which manifests as swelling in the affected areas.

The correct answer is D. because using a large rope on a bucket to make it easier to lift does not involve the concept of pressure. Pressure is the force exerted on an area, and in this scenario, the size of the rope does not affect the pressure being applied to the bucket. The other options (A, B, and C) all involve the concept of pressure in different ways. Using a sharp knife to cut involves applying pressure to a small area, the webbed feet of a duck distribute pressure to walk on mud, and using a strong wooden surface for a table involves supporting weight and distributing pressure evenly.

Pada gambar penampang ginjal, bagian X menunjukkan proses reabsorpsi darah kotor sehingga diperoleh urine yang bersih. Hal ini terjadi ketika zat-zat yang masih berguna seperti air, gula, garam, dan sebagainya diserap kembali ke dalam darah melalui dinding tubulus ginjal. Proses ini penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit dalam tubuh serta menghilangkan limbah dan zat-zat yang tidak diperlukan melalui urine.