Hydrosfera – Test Powtórkowy

The correct answer is that yes, there are rivers that flow only for a few hours after heavy rainfall. These rivers are called episodic rivers and are characteristic of extremely dry areas. This phenomenon occurs when the water flows down the slope of the terrain but does not have a consistent flow throughout the year.

Approximately 2.5% of the hydrosphere consists of freshwater. This means that out of all the water on Earth, only a small fraction is suitable for drinking, agriculture, and other freshwater needs. The majority of the hydrosphere is made up of saltwater, found in the oceans. This limited availability of freshwater highlights the importance of conservation and sustainable use of this precious resource.

Jego powierzchnia wynosi 178,7 mln km2

The correct answer is 1,3 mld km3. This answer indicates that the total amount of water in all the oceans on Earth is 1.3 billion cubic kilometers.

The correct answer is the Moon because it is closer to Earth. The gravitational force between two objects decreases with distance, so the closer object has a greater influence on the tides. While the Sun is much larger and more massive than the Moon, its distance from Earth is much greater, resulting in a smaller gravitational force and a lesser impact on the tides.

Approximately 11% of the Earth's surface is covered by ice in the form of ice sheets, mountain glaciers, and permafrost. Ice sheets, such as those in Antarctica and Greenland, cover vast areas of land and are responsible for the majority of the Earth's ice. Mountain glaciers are found in high-altitude regions and contribute to the overall ice cover. Permafrost refers to permanently frozen ground, mainly found in the Arctic and subarctic regions. Together, these ice formations make up approximately 11% of the Earth's surface.

La Niña is a weather phenomenon characterized by the cooling of surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. It is caused by the strengthening of trade winds, which leads to an intensification of upwelling, the upward movement of cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean to the surface. This cooling of surface waters in the Pacific Ocean can result in increased rainfall in certain regions, including Australia. Therefore, the given answer, La Niña, accurately describes the phenomenon described in the question.

An example of a seasonal lake (partially or completely drying up during the dry season) is Lake Chad.

Parowanie wody z powierzchni roślin i zwierząt to proces nazywany transpiracją. Transpiracja jest naturalnym procesem, w którym woda z organizmów żywych odparowuje przez ich powierzchnię. U roślin, woda jest pobierana z gleby przez korzenie i transportowana do liści, gdzie następnie odparowuje. U zwierząt, woda jest wydalana przez oddychanie i pocenie się. Transpiracja jest ważnym procesem dla regulacji temperatury organizmów oraz dla transportu składników odżywczych.

The correct answer is 46‰. The Red Sea is known for being the most saline sea in the world. Salinity is measured in parts per thousand (‰), and the maximum salinity of the Red Sea is 46‰. This high salinity is due to the high evaporation rates and limited freshwater inflow in the region. The Red Sea's unique geography and climate contribute to its high salinity levels, making it a challenging environment for marine life.

Jezioro dystroficzne jest jeziorem, które powstaje w wyniku gromadzenia się substancji organicznych, takich jak torf, w jego wodzie. Proces ten zajmuje długie lata, więc jezioro dystroficzne jest zazwyczaj starsze niż jezioro młode lub dojrzałe. Dlatego jezioro stare jest prawidłową odpowiedzią.

Resublimacja is the process in which water vapor directly transforms into ice without going through the liquid phase. This occurs when the temperature drops below the freezing point of water, causing the water vapor to skip the liquid phase and directly solidify into ice.

Wody wypływające z dużych głębokości, posiadające znacznie wyższą temperaturę od średniej rocznej temperatury powietrza w okolicy, są określane jako wody termalne. Termalne wody są zwykle podgrzewane przez gorące źródła lub aktywność wulkaniczną pod ziemią.

The correct answer is Gwinejski, Norweski, Kuro-siwo. These three currents, Gwinejski, Norweski, and Kuro-siwo, are warm ocean currents.

The correct answer is "juwenilne" because it refers to a type of underground water that is formed through the condensation of water vapor released from magma.

The correct answer is Ochockie and Beringa. These are the names of two coastal seas. Ochockie refers to the Sea of Okhotsk, which is located between Russia and Japan. Beringa refers to the Bering Sea, which is located between Russia and Alaska. Both of these seas are adjacent to land and have coastlines.

Bifurkacja jest zjawiskiem, w którym jedna rzeka dzieli się na dwa ramiona i odprowadza wodę do dwóch różnych dorzeczy.