Take The Quiz To Learn About Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation

1.

Which nerve system is responsible for vasodilation?

A.

Sympathetic nervous system
B.

Parasympathetic nervous system
C.

Peripheral nervous system
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
B. Parasympathetic nervous system

Explanation
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for vasodilation. When activated, it causes blood vessels to relax and widen, allowing for increased blood flow and decreased blood pressure. This is in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for vasoconstriction. The peripheral nervous system is not directly responsible for vasodilation or vasoconstriction, as it consists of nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord that transmit signals to and from the central nervous system.

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2.

Which of the following hormone stimulates vasoconstriction?

A.

Insulin
B.

Histamine
C.

Noradrenaline
D.

Niacin

Correct Answer
C. Noradrenaline

Explanation
Noradrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter, plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. It induces vasoconstriction, narrowing the blood vessels. This action increases blood pressure, ensuring vital organs like the brain and heart receive enough blood and oxygen during stress or danger.

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3.

Which of the following are examples of cholinergic receptors?

A.

Nicotinic
B.

Muscarinic
C.

Prostacyclin
D.

Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer
D. Both (a) and (b)

Explanation
Both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are examples of cholinergic receptors. Cholinergic receptors are a type of receptor that bind to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors are found in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are involved in muscle contraction and neurotransmission. Muscarinic receptors are found in various tissues and organs, including the heart, smooth muscles, and glands, and are involved in regulating various physiological processes. Prostacyclin, on the other hand, is not a cholinergic receptor but a lipid mediator involved in inflammation and blood clotting.

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4.

Which of the following causes vasoconstriction response in the body?

A.

Weight loss
B.

External injury
C.

Decreasing environmental temperature
D.

Increasing environmental temperature

Correct Answer
C. Decreasing environmental temperature

Explanation
Decreasing environmental temperature causes vasoconstriction response in the body. When the temperature drops, the body tries to conserve heat by narrowing the blood vessels, which reduces blood flow to the skin and extremities. This helps to minimize heat loss and maintain core body temperature. Vasoconstriction also helps to redirect blood flow to vital organs, ensuring their proper functioning.

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5.

What happens to the blood vessels during vasodilation?

A.

Blood vessels dialates
B.

Blood vessel constricts
C.

Blood vessel merge together
D.

Blood vessel fill up with blood

Correct Answer
A. Blood vessels dialates

Explanation
During vasodilation, the blood vessels expand or dilate. This occurs when the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels relax, allowing the vessels to widen. As a result, the diameter of the blood vessels increases, leading to an increase in blood flow and a decrease in blood pressure. Vasodilation is often a response to various stimuli, such as increased body temperature or the release of certain chemicals, and it helps to regulate blood flow and deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

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6.

What type of food should one avoid during vasoconstriction?

A.

Caffeinated drinks
B.

Meats
C.

Foods high in salt
D.

All of the above

Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
During vasoconstriction, the blood vessels narrow, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Caffeinated drinks, meats, and foods high in salt can all contribute to vasoconstriction and should therefore be avoided. Caffeine is a stimulant that can constrict blood vessels, while meats and foods high in salt can cause fluid retention and increase blood pressure. Therefore, avoiding all of these types of food can help maintain healthy blood vessel function during vasoconstriction.

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7.

Which of the following medications stimulate vasoconstriction?

A.

Decongestants,
B.

Antihistamines
C.

Stimulants
D.

All of the above

Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All of the medications listed in the options can stimulate vasoconstriction. Decongestants are commonly used to relieve nasal congestion by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages. Antihistamines can also cause vasoconstriction as they block the action of histamine, which can dilate blood vessels. Stimulants, such as caffeine or certain medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), can also have vasoconstrictive effects by stimulating the release of adrenaline. Therefore, all of the medications mentioned in the options can stimulate vasoconstriction.

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8.

Which of the following drug causes vasodilation?

A.

Fenoldopam
B.

Lisinopril
C.

Verapamil
D.

All of the above

Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All of the drugs mentioned in the options, fenoldopam, lisinopril, and verapamil, can cause vasodilation. Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, which leads to increased blood flow and decreased blood pressure. Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine receptor agonist that causes vasodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in blood vessels. Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that blocks the production of angiotensin II, a substance that causes blood vessels to constrict. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that prevents calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, leading to vasodilation. Therefore, all of these drugs can cause vasodilation.

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9.

How does vasoconstriction help the body?

A.

Helps in weight loss
B.

It regulates and maintains mean arterial pressure.
C.

It helps with metabolism
D.

All of the above

Correct Answer
B. It regulates and maintains mean arterial pressure.

Explanation
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, which helps regulate and maintain mean arterial pressure. When blood vessels constrict, the diameter decreases, leading to increased resistance to blood flow. This helps to increase blood pressure, ensuring that organs and tissues receive adequate blood supply. Vasoconstriction also helps redistribute blood flow to areas that require it the most, such as during exercise or in response to cold temperatures. Therefore, vasoconstriction plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and ensuring proper blood circulation throughout the body.

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10.

How does vasodilation help the body?

A.

It provides oxygen to the parts of the body that requires it the most
B.

It helps eliminates toxic wastes
C.

It helps with weight fluctuations
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
A. It provides oxygen to the parts of the body that requires it the most

Explanation
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow. This increased blood flow helps to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the parts of the body that need it the most. By widening the blood vessels, vasodilation also helps to regulate body temperature and reduce blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is that vasodilation provides oxygen to the parts of the body that require it the most.

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