1.
What is the most common element of superstition?
Correct Answer
B. Folklore
Explanation
Folklore is the most common element of superstition because it encompasses a wide range of traditional beliefs, customs, and stories passed down through generations. Superstitions often arise from folklore, as people attribute certain actions or objects with luck or supernatural powers. Folklore includes myths, legends, fairy tales, and other cultural narratives that shape people's beliefs and practices. Religion, natural forces, and witchcraft may also be associated with superstition, but folklore is the most prevalent and widely recognized element in this context.
2.
Who learned the behavioral part of superstition?
Correct Answer
B. B. F. Skinner
Explanation
B. F. Skinner learned the behavioral part of superstition. Skinner was a psychologist known for his work on behaviorism, which focused on studying and understanding behavior through observable actions and their consequences. He conducted experiments on animals, particularly pigeons, and observed that they developed superstitious behaviors when they associated certain actions with receiving rewards. This led Skinner to conclude that superstition can be learned through reinforcement and conditioning, supporting the idea that behavior is influenced by its consequences.
3.
Which of these explains the concept of behaviorism in humans?
Correct Answer
B. Reinforcement schedule
Explanation
The concept of behaviorism in humans is explained by reinforcement schedules. Behaviorism focuses on the idea that behavior is influenced by external stimuli and that it can be modified through reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement schedules refer to the timing and frequency of rewards or punishments given in response to certain behaviors. This concept suggests that humans learn and repeat behaviors that are rewarded and avoid behaviors that are punished, ultimately shaping their behavior based on the reinforcement schedule they experience.
4.
Who established the link between superstition and politics?
Correct Answer
A. Polybius
Explanation
Polybius established the link between superstition and politics.
5.
Which of these is a demonstration of superstition?
Correct Answer
C. Ritual
Explanation
A ritual is a repetitive and often symbolic behavior that is performed based on beliefs or traditions, rather than evidence or logic. Superstitions are often associated with rituals, as they involve actions or practices that are believed to bring about good luck or ward off bad luck, even though there is no logical or scientific basis for their effectiveness. Therefore, choosing ritual as the answer demonstrates an understanding that superstitions often involve the performance of specific rituals.
6.
Which of these groups is more superstitious?
Correct Answer
D. Women
Explanation
The given question asks which group is more superstitious. The answer is "women". This suggests that women are generally more likely to believe in superstitions or engage in superstitious behaviors compared to teenagers, intellectuals, or men.
7.
What is the requirement for erasing superstition?
Correct Answer
B. Logical thinking
Explanation
Logical thinking is the requirement for erasing superstition because it allows individuals to critically analyze and evaluate information, beliefs, and ideas. By using logic and reasoning, people are able to identify and challenge superstitious beliefs that lack evidence or rationality. Logical thinking helps individuals to separate facts from myths, question irrational beliefs, and make informed decisions based on evidence and reason. It promotes a skeptical and rational mindset, which is essential for overcoming superstition and embracing a more evidence-based worldview.
8.
What does black color mean to superstitious people?
Correct Answer
A. Evil
Explanation
Black color is often associated with darkness, mystery, and the unknown. In many cultures, it is believed to represent evil or negativity. Superstitious people may view black as a symbol of bad luck, misfortune, or even death. This belief is deeply rooted in various superstitions and cultural traditions, where black is often avoided or feared.
9.
What do superstitious people associate with an owl?
Correct Answer
A. Witchcraft
Explanation
Superstitious people associate owls with witchcraft. This belief stems from various cultural and historical associations between owls and magic or supernatural powers. In many folklore and mythologies, owls are considered as symbols of witches or messengers of dark forces. Their nocturnal nature, eerie hooting sounds, and ability to see in the dark have contributed to the belief that owls are connected to witchcraft and the supernatural world.
10.
What does counting a sum of money means to superstitious people?
Correct Answer
A. Poverty
Explanation
Counting a sum of money is often associated with wealth and affluence. However, for superstitious people, it may have a different meaning. In some cultures, counting money is believed to bring bad luck and is associated with poverty. This belief stems from the idea that counting money attracts financial difficulties and can lead to loss or misfortune. Superstitious individuals may avoid counting money or engage in rituals to ward off any negative consequences. Therefore, for superstitious people, counting a sum of money signifies poverty rather than wealth or affluence.