1.
Which of the following is true about forecasting?
Correct Answer
C. It is more accurate for groups than for individual items.
Explanation
Forecasting is the process of predicting future demand or trends. The statement that "it is more accurate for groups than for individual items" is true because forecasting for a group or aggregate of items allows for the smoothing out of individual variations and uncertainties. When forecasting for individual items, there is a higher chance of variability and error due to unpredictable factors specific to each item. By focusing on groups, the overall accuracy of the forecast can be improved.
2.
Which of the following describes the typical flow of cash in the supply chain?
Correct Answer
A. Customer to producer to supplier
Explanation
The typical flow of cash in the supply chain is from the customer to the producer to the supplier. This means that the customer pays the producer for the goods or services, and then the producer pays the supplier for any materials or resources used in the production process. This flow ensures that all parties involved in the supply chain receive payment for their contributions.
3.
Customer relationship management (CRM) is best described as:
Correct Answer
B. A marketing pHilosopHy based on putting the customer first
Explanation
CRM is best described as a marketing philosophy based on putting the customer first. This means that the primary focus of CRM is to prioritize the needs and satisfaction of the customer. By adopting this philosophy, businesses aim to build strong and lasting relationships with their customers, understanding their preferences and providing personalized experiences. This approach emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction and loyalty, ultimately leading to increased customer retention and profitability for the company.
4.
Supply chains create value by:
Correct Answer
A. Increasing profitability and return to shareholders
Explanation
Supply chains create value by increasing profitability and return to shareholders. This is because an efficient and well-managed supply chain can help reduce costs, improve productivity, and optimize inventory levels. By streamlining processes, minimizing waste, and enhancing coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors, supply chains can contribute to higher profits and better returns for shareholders. Additionally, a robust supply chain can also enable companies to respond quickly to market demands, offer competitive pricing, and deliver products to customers in a timely manner, all of which can further enhance profitability and shareholder value.
5.
What is S&OP?
Correct Answer
C. A process that provides management the ability to strategically direct its business to achieve a competitive advantage on a continuous basis
Explanation
S&OP stands for Sales and Operations Planning, which is a process that allows management to strategically direct their business to gain a competitive advantage continuously. This process involves aligning sales forecasts with operational plans, ensuring that the necessary resources are available to meet customer demand, and making informed decisions to optimize business performance. By effectively implementing S&OP, a company can improve its customer service, increase operational efficiency, and ultimately achieve a competitive edge in the market.
6.
Who devised the theory of constraints?
Correct Answer
C. Dr. Eli Goldratt
Explanation
Dr. Eli Goldratt is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the developer of the theory of constraints. His book, "The Goal," introduced the concept of identifying and managing constraints in order to improve overall system performance. Goldratt's theory has been widely adopted in various industries and has had a significant impact on the field of operations management.
7.
Incoterms 2010 are used in trading agreements to:
Correct Answer
D. Determine allocation of risk and cost between buyer and seller
Explanation
Incoterms 2010 are a set of standardized rules that are used in international trade agreements. These rules help to determine the allocation of risk and cost between the buyer and the seller. By specifying the responsibilities of each party, such as who is responsible for transportation, insurance, and customs clearance, the Incoterms ensure that both parties understand their obligations and can negotiate a fair agreement. This helps to avoid misunderstandings and disputes, and allows for smoother and more efficient trade transactions.
8.
Which of the following is not a reason for carrying inventory?
Correct Answer
C. To make the system less productive
Explanation
Carrying inventory is not done to make the system less productive. Inventory is maintained for various reasons such as maintaining the independence of operations, taking advantage of economic purchase-order size, and meeting variation in product demand. However, making the system less productive is not a valid reason for carrying inventory as it goes against the goal of improving efficiency and productivity.
9.
Minimum and maximum stock levels which determine when a reorder is placed and for how much is called:
Correct Answer
D. Reorder points
Explanation
Reorder points refer to the minimum and maximum stock levels that determine when a reorder should be placed and for how much. These points act as triggers for replenishing inventory to ensure that stock levels do not fall below the minimum threshold, avoiding stockouts and ensuring smooth operations. By setting reorder points, businesses can optimize their inventory management, minimize holding costs, and maintain a consistent supply of goods to meet customer demand.
10.
What does the acronym S&OP represent?
Correct Answer
B. Sales and Operations Planning
Explanation
S&OP stands for Sales and Operations Planning. This process involves aligning the sales and operational activities of a company to ensure that there is a balance between supply and demand. It involves forecasting sales, setting production targets, and coordinating with various departments to ensure smooth operations. S&OP helps in optimizing resources, reducing costs, and improving customer satisfaction by effectively managing the sales and operational aspects of a business.
11.
At which stage financial losses will usually occur in a product life cycle?
Correct Answer
D. Decline
Explanation
Financial losses will usually occur in the decline stage of a product life cycle. This stage is characterized by a decrease in demand and sales for the product, leading to a decline in revenue. As the product becomes outdated or faces competition from newer alternatives, companies may struggle to maintain profitability. They may need to invest in marketing and promotions to prolong the product's life, but ultimately, the decline stage is associated with financial losses.