Biology : Reproduction Quiz

Sperm is indeed produced by the seminiferous tubules of the testes, while eggs are produced by the germinal epithelium of the ovaries. This is a factual statement about the reproductive system in humans.

Fructose in the seminal fluid serves as a source of nutrition for the sperm, providing them with energy for their journey. Additionally, pH buffers in the seminal fluid help to protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina, ensuring their survival and ability to fertilize an egg. Therefore, the statement is true.

If the oviduct is ligated or cut, it means that the pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus is blocked or severed. This would prevent the egg from being fertilized by sperm and also hinder its ability to reach the uterus or womb for implantation. Therefore, the statement is true.

During fetal development in females, the urogenital opening and canal differentiate into the urethra and vagina. The urethra is responsible for the passage of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, while the vagina is a muscular canal that connects the uterus to the external genitalia. This differentiation allows for the proper functioning of the urinary and reproductive systems in females.

The statement is true because during the menstrual cycle, follicles in the ovary do rupture to release the egg, which is known as ovulation. Along with the egg, some blood and fluid are also released. Additionally, there are indeed many follicle cells surrounding the egg, as they provide nourishment and support to the developing egg.

The characteristic/gene that causes maleness is located on the "y" chromosome. The "y" chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes, with the other being the "X" chromosome. In mammals, including humans, males have one "X" and one "y" chromosome, while females have two "X" chromosomes. The "y" chromosome contains genes that are responsible for the development of male characteristics and reproductive organs. Therefore, the presence of the "y" chromosome determines the maleness of an individual.

The pituitary gland is responsible for producing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in both males and females. However, the cell receptors for these hormones are different between males and females. This means that even though the pituitary gland produces FSH and LH in both genders, the way these hormones interact with cells and tissues differs. Therefore, the statement that the cell receptors are different is true.

The abortion pill, RU-486, works by blocking the action of progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone that is necessary for maintaining the lining of the uterus during pregnancy. By blocking the action of progesterone, RU-486 causes the lining of the uterus to break down, leading to the termination of the pregnancy.

The correct answer is uterus. The uterus is the organ in the female reproductive system where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. It provides a suitable environment for the embryo to grow and receive nutrients until it is ready for birth. The oviduct is where fertilization occurs, the vagina is the birth canal, and the ovary is responsible for producing eggs.

In mammals, the testes must be descended outside of the body for sperm to be viable. This is because the temperature inside the body is too high for sperm production and survival. The testes descend into the scrotum during development to provide a cooler environment for sperm production. If the testes do not descend, the sperm may not be able to develop properly and become non-viable. Therefore, it is true that in mammals, the testes must be descended outside of the body for sperm to be viable.

Sperm is indeed produced by the seminiferous tubules of the testes, and eggs are produced by the germinal epithelium of the ovaries. This is a factual statement about the reproductive system in humans. Sperm and eggs are the reproductive cells necessary for sexual reproduction, and they are produced in separate organs within the male and female reproductive systems. Therefore, the answer "true" is correct.

The endometrium or lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy each month by becoming more cellular and vascular under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen helps to thicken the endometrium, while progesterone promotes the growth of blood vessels in the lining. These hormones work together to create an optimal environment for implantation of a fertilized egg and support the early stages of pregnancy.

Estrogen is the correct answer because it is the female hormone that plays a crucial role in influencing female secondary characteristics such as a higher voice, less hairiness, and less muscular physique. It also affects female behavior and guides the development of female reproductive organs in the fetus. Progesterone is another female hormone, but it primarily regulates the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Testosterone, on the other hand, is the primary male hormone and is responsible for male secondary characteristics.

This statement is false. If two sperm enter the ovum at the same time, it will result in an abnormality called triploidy, where the embryo will have three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two. Triploidy is not compatible with life and typically results in miscarriage or stillbirth.

This statement is false. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, and fertilization occurs when a sperm fertilizes the egg. In the human reproductive system, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube after ovulation. Therefore, the egg does not need to be fertilized before ovulation; rather, fertilization occurs after ovulation.

After a vasectomy, sperm are no longer ejected because the vas deferens is cut or ligated. The vas deferens is the tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra for ejaculation. By cutting or ligating the vas deferens during a vasectomy, the pathway for sperm to be ejaculated is blocked, preventing them from being released during ejaculation.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the egg only has a lifespan of about 24 hours after ovulation. Therefore, for fertilization to occur, it must happen within this limited time frame. The upper 1/3 of the oviduct is the region where fertilization typically takes place, as it provides the necessary environment and conditions for the sperm to meet and fertilize the egg before it deteriorates.

The endometrium or lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy each month by becoming more cellular and vascular under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen promotes the growth and proliferation of the endometrial cells, while progesterone helps to further develop the blood vessels in the endometrium. Both hormones work together to create a suitable environment for implantation and support the growth of the embryo.

Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of the male hormone testosterone. When athletes take anabolic steroids, their bodies receive an external supply of testosterone, which signals the body to reduce its own production of the hormone. This is because the body tries to maintain a balance and prevent an excessive amount of testosterone. Therefore, it is true that some anabolic steroids taken by athletes can cause a lower production of testosterone.

The statement is true because glycolysis is the primary source of energy for sperm to swim up the female reproductive system. Glycolysis is a metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the process. ATP is the main energy currency of cells, including sperm cells. Therefore, glycolysis provides the necessary energy for sperm motility and enables them to reach and fertilize the egg.

The labia major and minor of females are derived from the same tissue as the supporting tissue of the scrotal sac and penis of males. This is because during fetal development, both males and females have a common set of structures called the genital tubercle and urogenital folds. In males, these structures develop into the scrotum and penis, while in females, they develop into the labia majora and labia minora. Therefore, it is true that the labia major and minor of females are derived from the same tissue as the supporting tissue of the scrotal sac and penis of males.

Both the clitoris and penis become erect due to increased blood pressure. During sexual arousal, the blood vessels in these organs dilate, allowing more blood to flow into them. This increased blood flow causes the clitoris and penis to become engorged and erect. The pressure from the blood within the vessels contributes to the firmness and rigidity of the organs during sexual stimulation.

Before ovulation, the highest concentrations of FSH, LH, and estrogen prepare the body for the release of an egg from the ovary. These hormones stimulate the growth and development of the follicles in the ovary and trigger the release of the mature egg. After ovulation, progesterone levels increase to support the potential implantation of a fertilized egg and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

The correct answer is estrogen and progesterone. These two hormones are commonly used in birth control methods such as the combination pill, the patch, and the vaginal ring. Estrogen helps to prevent ovulation, while progesterone thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg and for a fertilized egg to implant. Together, these hormones provide effective contraception.

Both the corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum play a major role in penile erection. The corpora cavernosa are two cylindrical tissues that run along the length of the penis and are responsible for the majority of the erectile response. They fill with blood during arousal, causing the penis to become erect. The corpora spongiosum is another erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra and helps maintain the rigidity of the penis during erection. Together, these two tissues facilitate the process of penile erection. The prostate and Cowper's gland are not directly involved in penile erection.

The fertilized egg develops initially deep inside the endometrium of the uterus. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, which thickens each month in preparation for potential pregnancy. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants itself into the endometrium, where it receives nourishment and support for further development. This process is essential for the successful implantation and growth of the embryo.

The statement is incorrect. In controlling male/bull fertility, the vas deferens is typically ligated or cut, not the urethra. The vas deferens is the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra, and by cutting or ligating it, the passage of sperm is blocked, preventing fertilization. The urethra, on the other hand, is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body, and it is not involved in controlling fertility.

Follicles in the ovary rupture to release the egg on or about 15 days into the cycle. This is because during the menstrual cycle, the follicles in the ovary mature and develop until one dominant follicle releases an egg. This process is known as ovulation and typically occurs around day 14-15 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

During fetal development in females, the urogenital opening and canal differentiate into the urethra and vagina. The urethra is responsible for the elimination of urine from the body, while the vagina serves as the birth canal and also plays a role in sexual intercourse and menstruation.

The tip of the clitoris, similar to the penis, is called the glans clitoris. The glans clitoris is highly sensitive and contains numerous touch-responsive sensory neurons, making it an important part of sexual pleasure and arousal in individuals with clitorises.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are two hormones that occur in both males and females. FSH is responsible for the development of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males. LH plays a crucial role in the regulation of the reproductive system in both sexes, including the release of eggs in females and the production of testosterone in males. Therefore, FSH and LH are the correct answer as they are hormones present in both males and females.

The statement is true because the milk-producing glands in the breasts, known as mammary glands, are indeed modified sweat glands. These glands undergo changes during pregnancy and lactation to produce and secrete milk for breastfeeding. This adaptation allows mammals to nourish their offspring with a specialized fluid that provides essential nutrients and antibodies for their growth and development.

The vas deferens is not responsible for producing seminal fluid. It is a part of the male reproductive system that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts. Seminal fluid, which is the majority of the ejaculate, is produced by the Cowper's gland, prostate, and seminal vesicle. These glands contribute to the composition of seminal fluid by secreting various fluids that nourish and protect the sperm.

Castration or removal of the testes before puberty will interfere with the development of secondary sex characteristics in males such as voice. During puberty, the larynx (voice box) undergoes growth and the vocal cords lengthen and thicken, resulting in a deeper voice. Testosterone, which is produced by the testes, plays a crucial role in this process. Without testes, the levels of testosterone are significantly reduced, leading to a lack of vocal cord growth and a higher-pitched voice.

Follicle cells are the cells that surround and protect the developing egg in the ovary. These cells play a crucial role in the process of fertilization. More than one sperm is required to fertilize an egg because the follicle cells need to be separated in order for a single sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg. This separation allows the sperm to reach the egg and initiate the process of fertilization.

The initiation of both egg and sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males. Testosterone production by the interstitial cells of Leydig is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.

In men, when the supply of sperm is adequate, the hormone inhibin is produced to stop more sperm from being made. Inhibin acts as a negative feedback signal to the pituitary gland, inhibiting the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is responsible for stimulating the production of sperm in the testes. Therefore, when inhibin levels are high, it signals the body to decrease the production of FSH, leading to a decrease in sperm production and preventing the overproduction of sperm.

RU-486, also known as the abortion pill, blocks the action of progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy by preparing the uterus for implantation and supporting the development of the embryo. By blocking progesterone, RU-486 causes the lining of the uterus to break down, preventing the embryo from implanting and leading to the termination of pregnancy.

The labia major and minor are not openings that lead directly into the uterus. They are external folds of skin that surround and protect the openings of the vagina and urethra in females. The uterus is connected to the vagina through the cervix, not the labia.

Progesterone is a hormone that is primarily involved in the regulation of the female reproductive system. It plays a key role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining pregnancy. One of the ways progesterone achieves this is by inhibiting the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH and FSH are both involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development and release of eggs from the ovaries. By inhibiting their production, progesterone helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the release of eggs when pregnancy is desired.

The prostate gland is a small gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum in males. It plays a crucial role in the reproductive system by producing and secreting fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. As males age, the prostate gland can become enlarged, leading to a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH can cause urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, weak urine flow, and difficulty emptying the bladder. In some cases, it can lead to more serious complications such as urinary tract infections or bladder stones. Therefore, the prostate gland can give males trouble in the future if they live long enough.

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Several hundreds of sperm probably actually reach the egg for fertilization. This is because during ejaculation, millions of sperm are released into the vagina, but only a small percentage of them are able to reach the egg. The journey from the vagina to the egg is long and challenging for sperm, as they have to navigate through the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Along the way, many sperm get lost or die. By the time the sperm reach the egg, only several hundreds are left to compete for fertilization.

Oxytocin is the correct answer because it is a hormone that stimulates uterine smooth muscle activity, leading to contractions during labor and childbirth. It also plays a crucial role in causing milk release from the mammary glands during breastfeeding, as it promotes the contraction of the muscles surrounding the milk ducts. LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) are involved in the regulation of the reproductive system, while prolactin is responsible for milk production but not milk release.

Glucose is the correct answer because it is the main sugar used by sperm for energy production through glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate, releasing energy in the form of ATP. This energy is essential for sperm motility and other cellular functions. While other sugars like fructose, maltose, and lactose may be present in semen, glucose is the primary fuel source for sperm metabolism.

The correct answer is copora spongiosum. The copora spongiosum is a spongy tissue in the penis that surrounds the urethra. It contains many touch-responsive sensory neurons, making it highly sensitive to touch and stimulation. This sensitivity is similar to the clitoris, which also has a high density of sensory neurons.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is responsible for initiating egg formation and development at the beginning of each menstrual cycle. FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. Once the follicles mature, they release estrogen, which further prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. Therefore, FSH plays a crucial role in the reproductive cycle by promoting the development of eggs.

The correct answer is serosa, myometrium, endometrium. The serosa is the outermost layer of the uterus, followed by the myometrium which is the middle layer consisting of smooth muscle. The innermost layer is the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus where implantation of a fertilized egg occurs.

The menstrual cycle begins when follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) starts being produced again. FSH is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries. As the follicles mature, they release estrogen, which triggers the thickening of the uterine lining. This eventually leads to ovulation and the release of an egg. After ovulation, the remaining follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Progesterone helps prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. Therefore, while LH, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone all play important roles in the menstrual cycle, it is FSH that initiates the cycle by stimulating follicle development.

During pregnancy, the hormone that will keep the corpus luteum functioning is human chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone is produced by the developing placenta and is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum, which in turn produces progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting the pregnancy. LH (luteinizing hormone) is involved in ovulation and not specifically related to the corpus luteum during pregnancy. LTH (luteotropic hormone) is not a recognized hormone, and estrogen does not directly play a role in maintaining the corpus luteum during pregnancy.