Chapter 10 Quiz: Western Europe In The Middle Ages
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- 1.
Which of the following statements concerning the impact of Christianity on polytheistic religions in western Europe is most accurate?
- A.
Christianity eradicated all traces of those earlier religions as the new religion became universal in western Europe.
- B.
The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.
- C.
Although Christianity made inroads, many areas of Europe retained polytheistic beliefs and rejected the new religion.
- D.
Small islands of polytheistic belief remained, but Christianity eradicated belief in mafic and spirits wherever the new religion was accepted.
- E.
Few polytheistic religions existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, but their influences grew.
Correct Answer
B. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.Explanation
The statement that best describes the impact of Christianity on polytheistic religions in western Europe is that the process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity. This suggests that rather than eradicating earlier religions, Christianity incorporated elements of those beliefs into its own practices. This resulted in a syncretic form of religion where both polytheistic and Christian beliefs coexisted.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Who were the Scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval West until the 10th century?
- A.
Muslims
- B.
Mongols
- C.
Vikings
- D.
Chinese
- E.
Turks
Correct Answer
C. VikingsExplanation
The Vikings were Scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval West until the 10th century. They were known for their raids and conquests across Europe, causing instability and hindering the establishment of stable political systems. Their raids targeted various regions, including Britain, France, and even as far as Constantinople. The Vikings' actions had a significant impact on the political landscape of the medieval West, delaying the formation of strong political institutions until the 10th century.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate?
- A.
Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world.
- B.
With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.
- C.
Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine.
- D.
All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome.
- E.
Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts.
Correct Answer
B. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.Explanation
During the medieval West prior to the 8th century, the intellectual activity was primarily centered in monasteries, where only a small number of literate individuals existed. As a result, the main focus of their intellectual endeavors was the replication of older manuscripts. This suggests that little progress or original thinking occurred during this time period, as the limited resources and concentration of literacy hindered the development of new ideas or intellectual advancements.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called
- A.
Manorialism
- B.
Feudalism
- C.
Slavery
- D.
Capitalism
- E.
Monasticism
Correct Answer
A. ManorialismExplanation
Manorialism is the correct answer because it refers to the system that governed the relationship between landlords and their peasant laborers during the medieval period. Under manorialism, peasants worked on the land owned by the lords in exchange for protection and the right to live on the land. This system was characterized by a hierarchical structure and a lack of social mobility for the peasants. Feudalism is a related system but refers more broadly to the social, political, and economic structure of medieval society. Slavery, capitalism, and monasticism are not accurate descriptions of the system described in the question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called
- A.
Artisans
- B.
Guildsmen
- C.
Serfs
- D.
Bourgeoisie
- E.
Fiefs
Correct Answer
C. SerfsExplanation
Serfs were agricultural laborers who were bound to the land and worked for aristocratic landowners. They were not free to leave the land without permission and were considered the property of the landowner. This system was prevalent in feudal societies, where the aristocracy held power and controlled the majority of the land and resources. The other options, such as artisans, guildsmen, bourgeoisie, and fiefs, do not accurately describe the relationship between agricultural laborers and aristocratic landowners.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true?
- A.
They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords.
- B.
They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land.
- C.
They retained essential ownership of their houses.
- D.
They could be bought and sold by their landlords.
- E.
They had heavy obligations to their lords.
Correct Answer
D. They could be bought and sold by their landlords.Explanation
The statement "They could be bought and sold by their landlords" is not true. While agricultural laborers in the medieval West had heavy obligations to their lords, they were not treated as property that could be bought and sold. They were, however, obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land and retained essential ownership of their houses. Additionally, they received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The moldboard was
- A.
A system of justice common to the manorial regime of the medieval West.
- B.
A technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil.
- C.
A technological innovation, a water-driven mill for grinding grain.
- D.
The peasant council that determined the division of land and labor in a peasant village.
- E.
A nickname for the first school established by Charles Martel in France.
Correct Answer
B. A technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil.Explanation
The moldboard was a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil. This implies that the moldboard was a tool or device that was used in agriculture to enhance the plowing process. It allowed farmers to dig deeper into the soil, which would result in better soil aeration, improved drainage, and increased nutrient availability for crops. This innovation would have had a significant impact on agricultural productivity during the medieval period, as it allowed for more efficient and effective cultivation of the land.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following statements concerning the three-field rotation system is most accurate?
- A.
Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation added acres to production by leaving only a third of the land unplanted.
- B.
The three-field system removed most land from production than before by reserving one-third for fallow.
- C.
The three-field system was rapidly replaced after the 8th century by the two-field system that offered greater flexibility in terms of crop rotation.
- D.
The three-field system removed fallow fields and replaced them with nitrogen-bearing crops.
- E.
It represented a net increase in productivity where it was used because although crops were rotated, no fields were left fallow.
Correct Answer
A. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation added acres to production by leaving only a third of the land unplanted.Explanation
The three-field rotation system, introduced in the 8th century, increased production by leaving only a third of the land unplanted. This means that more acres were utilized for cultivation, resulting in higher productivity.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks?
- A.
Charles Martel
- B.
Clovis
- C.
Charlemagne
- D.
Pepin III
- E.
Louis IX
Correct Answer
B. ClovisExplanation
Clovis was the Frankish king responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks. Clovis was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty and his conversion to Christianity in the late 5th century played a significant role in the spread of Christianity among the Franks. By converting to Christianity, Clovis not only gained the support of the Christian population within his kingdom but also established alliances with other Christian rulers. This conversion ultimately led to the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom and the integration of the Franks into the broader Christian world.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Benedict of Nursia was responsible for what accomplishment in the 6th century?
- A.
The conversion of the Franks in 596
- B.
The banning of lay investiture among kings
- C.
The creation of a set of rules for monasteries
- D.
The conquest of Costantinople
- E.
Victory over the Muslims at Tours
Correct Answer
C. The creation of a set of rules for monasteriesExplanation
Benedict of Nursia is known for his significant accomplishment of creating a set of rules for monasteries in the 6th century. These rules, known as the Rule of Saint Benedict, provided guidelines for communal living, prayer, work, and discipline within monastic communities. The Rule of Saint Benedict had a profound influence on Western monasticism and is still followed by many religious orders today. It emphasized the importance of balance, moderation, and obedience, and sought to create a structured and disciplined way of life for monks.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What dynasty took over the Frankish monarchy in the 8th century?
- A.
Merovingian
- B.
Capetian
- C.
Carolingian
- D.
Saxon
- E.
Norman
Correct Answer
C. CarolingianExplanation
The correct answer is Carolingian. The Carolingian dynasty took over the Frankish monarchy in the 8th century. This dynasty was founded by Charles Martel and reached its peak under the rule of Charlemagne. The Carolingians played a significant role in the expansion and consolidation of the Frankish Empire, and their rule marked a period of cultural and intellectual revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe?
- A.
Italy and the Low Countries
- B.
England and France
- C.
France and the Holy Roman Empire
- D.
England and Scandinavia
- E.
Spain and Poland
Correct Answer
A. Italy and the Low CountriesExplanation
After the 10th century, the greatest concentration of urbanization in Europe was in Italy and the Low Countries. Italy, with its prosperous city-states like Venice and Florence, experienced significant economic growth and urban development during this period. The Low Countries, consisting of modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands, also saw a rise in urbanization due to their strategic location for trade and commerce. These regions became important centers of cultural, economic, and political activity, leading to the concentration of urbanization in Italy and the Low Countries.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called
- A.
Manorialism
- B.
Feudalism
- C.
Capitalism
- D.
The guild system
- E.
Monasticism
Correct Answer
B. FeudalismExplanation
Feudalism is the correct answer because it refers to a social and economic system that was prevalent in medieval Europe. It involved a hierarchical structure where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. The relationship between the military elite was based on this reciprocal exchange, where vassals would swear allegiance to their lords and provide military support in exchange for land and protection. This system allowed for the decentralization of power and the establishment of a feudal hierarchy.Rate this question:
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- 14.
How did the introduction of feudal monarchy into England compare to the political experience of France?
- A.
English feudal monarchy developed more gradually and slowly in response to the improving economy.
- B.
English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly.
- C.
French feudal monarchy arose almost immediately in the 10th century as a result of the defeat of the Normans.
- D.
France failed to develop feudal monarchy until the 15th century unlike England.
- E.
England never developed a strong feudal monarchy similar to what happened in France.
Correct Answer
B. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly.Explanation
The answer states that the introduction of feudal monarchy in England was abrupt after 1066, while in France it developed more slowly. This suggests that the political experience of England and France in terms of feudal monarchy differed in terms of the speed and timing of its establishment.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?
- A.
1066
- B.
1095
- C.
1130
- D.
1236
- E.
1453
Correct Answer
B. 1095Explanation
In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade. This was a significant event in history where the Pope urged Christians to take up arms and fight against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land. The Crusades lasted for several centuries and had a major impact on Europe, the Middle East, and the relationship between Christians and Muslims.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Crusades?
- A.
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land.
- B.
The Fourth Crusade resulted in the temporary conquest of Constantinople.
- C.
The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East.
- D.
The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world.
- E.
As far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades has little impact on the Islamic world.
Correct Answer
D. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world.Explanation
The Crusades did not demonstrate a new Western superiority in the wider world. While the Crusades did result in the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the temporary conquest of Constantinople, they did not lead to a demonstration of Western superiority. Instead, the Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East, showing a more interconnected world. Additionally, as far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades had little impact on the Islamic world, further indicating that Western superiority was not a result of the Crusades.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century,
- A.
Thomas Aquinas
- B.
William of Ockham
- C.
Peter Abelard
- D.
William of St. Thierry
- E.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Correct Answer
A. Thomas AquinasExplanation
Thomas Aquinas was a prominent figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology during the 13th century. As a teacher at the University of Paris, Aquinas played a significant role in bridging the gap between reason and faith, drawing heavily from the works of Aristotle and incorporating them into Christian thought. His influential writings, such as the Summa Theologica, sought to reconcile philosophical concepts with Christian doctrines, making him a key figure in the development of Scholasticism. Aquinas' contributions continue to shape the fields of philosophy and theology to this day.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Because of its base in univsersities of western Europe, the dominant medieval philosophical approach was referred to as
- A.
Existentialism
- B.
Corporate theology
- C.
Social contract theology
- D.
Scholasticism
- E.
Rationalism
Correct Answer
D. ScholasticismExplanation
During the medieval period, the dominant philosophical approach was scholasticism. This approach was based in the universities of western Europe and focused on reconciling Christian theology with classical philosophy, particularly that of Aristotle. Scholasticism emphasized the use of reason and logic to explore and understand religious doctrines. It sought to harmonize faith and reason, and its methods and teachings were widely influential in medieval Europe.Rate this question:
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- 19.
During the 11th century, what new architectual style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe?
- A.
Romanesque
- B.
Gothic
- C.
Structuralism
- D.
Turkic
- E.
Baroque
Correct Answer
B. GothicExplanation
During the 11th century, a new architectural style known as Gothic emerged in western Europe. This style featured pointed arches and flying buttresses, which allowed for taller and more elaborate structures. The Gothic style became dominant during this time period, replacing the earlier Romanesque style. Gothic architecture is characterized by its emphasis on height, light, and intricate detailing, and it had a significant impact on the development of European architecture for centuries to come.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years War during the 14th and 15th centuries?
- A.
Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies
- B.
An English victory but only after an invasion of France by Richard the Lionhearted
- C.
Mounted knights continued their dominance over foot soldiers and archers
- D.
Major battles resulted in enormous loss of life over the course of the war
- E.
Physical destruction of both France and England, with loss of trade as well
Correct Answer
A. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armiesExplanation
The Hundred Years War, which took place during the 14th and 15th centuries, resulted in kings reducing their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies. This shift occurred as monarchs realized the limitations of feudal forces and recognized the advantages of having professional soldiers who could be trained and paid. By relying on paid armies, kings gained more control and flexibility in their military strategies and were less dependent on the loyalty and availability of feudal vassals. This change in military structure had significant implications for the power dynamics between kings and the nobility.Rate this question:
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- 21.
When was the Magna Carta signed?
- A.
973
- B.
1066
- C.
1215
- D.
1388
Correct Answer
C. 1215Explanation
The Magna Carta was signed in 1215. This document was a historic agreement between King John of England and his barons, which established certain rights and limitations on the power of the monarchy. It is considered a significant milestone in the development of constitutional law and individual liberties.Rate this question:
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