1.
One of the most common restorative materials in dentistry is composite.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Composite is indeed one of the most common restorative materials in dentistry. It is a tooth-colored resin material that is used to fill cavities, repair chipped or broken teeth, and improve the appearance of teeth. Composite has gained popularity in dentistry due to its natural appearance, durability, and ability to bond directly to the tooth structure. It can be shaped and polished to match the surrounding teeth, making it a popular choice for dental restorations. Therefore, the statement "One of the most common restorative materials in dentistry is composite" is true.
2.
Direct restorations include amalgam and gold crowns.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The given statement is false because direct restorations include materials such as amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer, but not gold crowns. Gold crowns are considered indirect restorations as they are fabricated outside the mouth and then cemented onto the tooth.
3.
Composite resins are stronger than amalgam or gold.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Composite resins are not stronger than amalgam or gold. Amalgam, which is a mixture of metals, and gold are both known for their strength and durability. Composite resins, on the other hand, are a type of dental filling material that is made of a mixture of plastic and glass. While composite resins have improved in strength over the years, they are still not as strong as amalgam or gold. Therefore, the statement that composite resins are stronger than amalgam or gold is false.
4.
Polymerization is the process in which the resin material is changed from a pliable state into a hardened restoration.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Polymerization refers to the chemical reaction that occurs when the resin material is transformed from a flexible or pliable state into a solid or hardened restoration. This process is commonly used in dentistry for creating fillings, crowns, and other dental restorations. Therefore, the statement "Polymerization is the process in which the resin material is changed from a pliable state into a hardened restoration" is true.
5.
Macrofilled composites contain the smallest filler particles providing the least strength.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that macrofilled composites actually contain larger filler particles, which provide more strength compared to composites with smaller filler particles. Therefore, the statement that macrofilled composites contain the smallest filler particles providing the least strength is false.
6.
One reason temporary restorations are used is to maintain the function and esthetics of a tooth until a permanent restoration can be placed.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Temporary restorations are used to maintain the function and esthetics of a tooth until a permanent restoration can be placed. This is because it takes time to fabricate a permanent restoration, such as a crown or bridge, and during this time, the tooth needs to be protected and preserved. Temporary restorations provide a temporary solution to restore the tooth's function and appearance until the permanent restoration can be placed.
7.
Common uses of Intermediate Restorative Material include restorative emergencies and restoration of primary teeth.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) is a dental material that is commonly used in restorative emergencies and for the restoration of primary teeth. It is a temporary filling material that provides a temporary solution until a permanent restoration can be placed. IRM is often used in situations where a tooth has been damaged or lost its filling, and immediate restoration is needed to protect the tooth and prevent further damage or infection. Additionally, IRM is frequently used in pediatric dentistry for the restoration of primary teeth, as it is durable and easy to work with. Therefore, the statement is true.
8.
Indirect restorations materials include gold alloys and ceramic materials.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Indirect restorations materials such as gold alloys and ceramic materials are commonly used in dental procedures. Gold alloys are known for their durability and strength, making them suitable for long-lasting restorations. Ceramic materials, on the other hand, are valued for their aesthetic qualities, as they can be color-matched to natural teeth. These materials are often used in situations where a direct restoration, such as a filling, is not feasible or optimal. Overall, the statement that indirect restorations materials include gold alloys and ceramic materials is true.
9.
Porcelain material is chosen as a restorative material because the shading matches tooth color well.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Porcelain material is chosen as a restorative material because it matches tooth color well. Porcelain is a ceramic material that can be customized to match the shade and translucency of natural teeth. This makes it an ideal choice for dental restorations, such as crowns and veneers, as it provides a natural-looking result that blends seamlessly with the surrounding teeth. Additionally, porcelain is highly durable and resistant to staining, making it a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing option for dental restorations.
10.
For longer than 150 years, billions of dental amalgam fillings has been used to restore decayed teeth.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Dental amalgam fillings have indeed been used for over 150 years to restore decayed teeth. This material is a mixture of metals, including silver, mercury, tin, and copper, and has been proven to be durable and effective in treating cavities. Despite some controversy surrounding the use of mercury in amalgam fillings, numerous studies have confirmed their safety and effectiveness. Therefore, the statement is true.
11.
The types of supplemental materials selected by the dentist will determine how the tooth will be prepared.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement implies that the types of supplemental materials chosen by the dentist will have an impact on the preparation process of the tooth. This suggests that different materials may require different methods of preparation, such as drilling or shaping, in order to properly accommodate the supplemental materials. Therefore, the statement is true.
12.
Calcium hydroxide is NOT a bonding material.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Calcium hydroxide is not a bonding material because it does not form strong chemical bonds with other substances. It is a compound that is commonly used in industries such as construction and agriculture, but it is primarily used for its alkaline properties rather than its ability to bond materials together.
13.
The application of a varnish helps to seal the dentinal tubules.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The application of a varnish helps to seal the dentinal tubules by forming a protective layer on the surface of the teeth. This prevents bacteria and other harmful substances from entering the tubules and causing sensitivity or decay. Varnish also helps to strengthen the tooth enamel and reduce the risk of cavities. Therefore, the statement is true.
14.
Dental bases are used to provide pulpal protection in the following ways: Protective bases, insulating bases, and sedative bases.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Dental bases are used to provide pulpal protection in various ways. Protective bases are used to create a barrier between the tooth structure and restorative material, preventing irritation and inflammation of the pulp. Insulating bases help to protect the pulp from temperature changes caused by restorative materials. Sedative bases contain materials that have a soothing effect on the pulp, reducing sensitivity and promoting healing. Therefore, the statement that dental bases are used to provide pulpal protection in different ways is true.
15.
With the use of bonding materials, it is now possible to bond restorative materials to enamel and dentin.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because bonding materials have been developed that allow restorative materials to be bonded to enamel and dentin. This bonding process helps to improve the strength and durability of dental restorations, such as fillings and crowns, by creating a strong adhesion between the restorative material and the natural tooth structure. This advancement in dental technology has greatly improved the success and longevity of dental restorations.
16.
Acid etching is a technique in which acid is placed on either the enamel or gingiva to remove the smear layer in preparation for bonding.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Acid etching is placed on ENAMEL and DENTIN not on the gingiva.
17.
An example of enamel bonding is a sealant or orthodontic bracket.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Enamel bonding refers to the process of attaching a material to the surface of the enamel, which is the hard outer layer of the tooth. In the case of a sealant or orthodontic bracket, they are both examples of materials that are bonded to the enamel. A sealant is a protective coating that is applied to the teeth to prevent decay, while an orthodontic bracket is used in braces to help move the teeth into the correct position. Both of these examples involve bonding a material to the enamel, making the statement true.
18.
The mixing time for dental cements is the same no matter which materials you are using.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the mixing time for dental cements can vary depending on the specific materials being used. Different materials may have different viscosities or require different mixing techniques, which can affect the time needed to achieve a proper mix.
19.
Glass ionomer cement MUST be mixed on a cool glass slab.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Glass ionomer cement does not necessarily have to be mixed on a cool glass slab. While it is true that mixing on a cool glass slab can help to extend the working time of the cement, it is not a requirement. The cement can also be mixed on a paper pad or any other suitable mixing surface. Therefore, the statement is false.
20.
A porcelain casting is chosen over other castings because it
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.
Explanation
A porcelain casting is chosen over other castings because it has higher strength, the ability to match natural tooth structure, and is a good insulator. This means that it is durable and can withstand the forces exerted on it, it can blend in seamlessly with the surrounding teeth, and it provides insulation against temperature changes and electrical conductivity.
21.
________ occurs when a metal restoration is touched by a fork.
Correct Answer
B. Galvanic action
Explanation
Galvanic action occurs when a metal restoration is touched by a fork. Galvanic action is a type of corrosion that happens when two dissimilar metals come into contact in the presence of an electrolyte, such as saliva. In this case, the metal restoration and the fork create a galvanic cell, where one metal acts as an anode and the other as a cathode. This leads to the flow of electrons between the two metals, causing corrosion of the metal restoration.
22.
A properly triturated amalgam mix should:
Correct Answer
C. Be a soft, pliable mass.
Explanation
A properly triturated amalgam mix should be a soft, pliable mass because this consistency allows for easy manipulation and adaptation during placement. A hard mass would be difficult to pack and shape, while dry particles would not bind together properly. Separation when packed would indicate inadequate mixing and could compromise the integrity of the final restoration. Therefore, a soft, pliable mass is the desired outcome for a properly triturated amalgam mix.
23.
A difference in the cavity preparation of amalgam versus composite is:
Correct Answer
D. Composites require the use of a bonding system.
Explanation
Composites require the use of a bonding system because they are made of a combination of resin and filler particles, which need to be bonded to the tooth structure. The bonding system helps to create a strong bond between the composite material and the tooth, ensuring its longevity and stability. In contrast, amalgam does not require a bonding system as it relies on mechanical retention and does not bond to the tooth structure.
24.
A liquid with high viscosity _____ flow easily and _____ effective in wetting a surface.
Correct Answer
D. Does not; is not
Explanation
A liquid with high viscosity does not flow easily and is not effective in wetting a surface./div /div
25.
Glass ionomer can be used for class _____ restorations.
Correct Answer
D. V
Explanation
Glass ionomer can be used for class V restorations. Class V restorations refer to cavities or defects on the smooth surfaces of the teeth, particularly on the gum line or root surface. Glass ionomer is a dental material that is known for its ability to bond to both enamel and dentin, making it suitable for use in these areas. It also releases fluoride, which can help prevent further decay. Therefore, glass ionomer is a suitable choice for class V restorations.
26.
Ideally, composite resin shades should be chosen in:
Correct Answer
A. Daylight.
Explanation
Composite resin shades should ideally be chosen in daylight because natural daylight provides the most accurate representation of color. Daylight is a full spectrum light source that allows for better perception of subtle color variations and ensures that the chosen shade matches the patient's natural teeth under various lighting conditions. Other types of light, such as normal ambient light, bright light, or operatory light, may distort the perception of color and lead to inaccurate shade selection.
27.
_____ is the process by which the resin material is changed from a pliable state into a hardened restoration.
Correct Answer
C. Polymerization
Explanation
Polymerization is the process by which the resin material is changed from a pliable state into a hardened restoration. During polymerization, the resin undergoes a chemical reaction that causes the molecules to link together, forming a solid and durable material. This process is commonly used in dentistry for creating dental fillings, crowns, and other restorations.
28.
_____ is added to dental amalgam alloy powder to suppress oxidation.
Correct Answer
D. Zinc
Explanation
Zinc is added to dental amalgam alloy powder to suppress oxidation. Zinc acts as a sacrificial metal, meaning it oxidizes more readily than the other metals in the alloy. This helps to prevent oxidation of the other metals, such as silver and tin, which are more prone to oxidation. By sacrificing itself, zinc protects the integrity and stability of the dental amalgam, ensuring its longevity and effectiveness in dental procedures.
29.
The addition of _______ alloy to glass ionomers produces a product that can be used for core buildups and the repair of fractured cusps and amalgam fillings as well as abutments for overdentures.
Correct Answer
B. Silver-tin
Explanation
The addition of silver-tin alloy to glass ionomers produce a product that can be used for core buildups and the repair of fractured cusps and amalgam fillings, as well as abutments for overdentures./div /div
30.
The curing process in which it is the most critical that the materials are mixed and placed within the working and setting times is with ________ materials.
Correct Answer
A. Auto-cured
Explanation
The curing process for auto-cured materials is the most critical when it comes to mixing and placing the materials within the working and setting times. This means that the proper timing and technique is crucial for achieving the desired results with auto-cured materials.
31.
New dental materials must undergo strict evaluation by _____ before they
can be marketed.
Correct Answer
B. ADA
Explanation
New dental materials must undergo strict evaluation by the ADA (American Dental Association) before they can be marketed. The ADA is a professional organization that sets standards and guidelines for dental products and procedures. Their evaluation ensures that the materials meet the necessary safety and efficacy requirements before they are made available to dentists and patients.
32.
The dental restorations created in the laboratory by the dental laboratory technician are classified as:
Correct Answer
B. Indirect restorations.
Explanation
The dental restorations created by the dental laboratory technician are classified as indirect restorations. This means that they are created outside of the patient's mouth, typically in a dental laboratory, and then later placed in the patient's mouth by the dentist. This is in contrast to direct restorations, which are created and placed directly in the patient's mouth by the dentist. Provisional restorations are temporary restorations used while the final restoration is being created, and amalgams are a type of dental filling material.
33.
The resin matrix component of composite is dimethacrylate, a fluid-like material also referred to as:
Correct Answer
D. BIS-GMA.
Explanation
The resin matrix component of composite is dimethacrylate, a fluid-like material also referred to as BIS-GMA.
34.
The term ‘restorative’ describes the ability to:
Correct Answer
D. Both a and b.
Explanation
The term 'restorative' refers to the ability to both remove disease and restore function. This means that a restorative treatment or procedure not only eliminates the disease or problem but also aims to bring back the normal function of the affected area. So, the correct answer is both a and b.
35.
The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry for castings is:
Correct Answer
D. Porcelain.
Explanation
Porcelain is the most commonly used type of ceramic in dentistry for castings. It is preferred because of its high strength, durability, and aesthetic properties. Porcelain can be matched to the natural color of teeth, making it an ideal material for dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and veneers. It is also biocompatible, meaning it is well-tolerated by the oral tissues. Additionally, porcelain has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which helps prevent cracking or damage to the restoration when exposed to temperature changes in the mouth.
36.
Which is not true of nonmercury alloys?
Correct Answer
A. They are not sensitive to moisture.
Explanation
Nonmercury alloys are sensitive to moisture. This means that they can corrode or degrade when exposed to moisture, which can lead to damage or failure of the restoration. Therefore, the statement "They are not sensitive to moisture" is not true for nonmercury alloys.
37.
Which of the following are advantages to using glass ionomer as a restorative material?
Correct Answer
B. Glass ionomer releases fluoride after their final setting.
Explanation
Glass ionomer releases fluoride after their final setting. This is an advantage because fluoride helps to prevent tooth decay by strengthening the enamel and reducing the risk of cavities. Fluoride is released slowly over time, providing long-term protection for the teeth. This makes glass ionomer a beneficial choice for restorative materials as it not only restores the tooth but also provides additional protection against decay.
38.
Which will not influence the curing time of composite restorations?
Correct Answer
B. The base used
Explanation
The base used will not influence the curing time of composite restorations. The curing time of composite restorations is primarily determined by the type of curing light used and the manufacturer's instructions for the specific composite material. The base used, which refers to the material placed underneath the composite restoration, does not directly affect the curing process. However, the choice of base material may indirectly impact the overall success and longevity of the restoration.
39.
Varnish should be placed on the ______ of the preparation.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Varnish should be placed on all of the above surfaces, including the walls, floor, and margins of the preparation. This is because varnish helps to protect and seal these surfaces, preventing damage and promoting longevity. By applying varnish to all of these areas, the entire preparation is effectively protected.
40.
Etching for dental bonding is done with:
Correct Answer
A. pHospHoric acid.
Explanation
Etching for dental bonding is done with phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid is commonly used in dentistry as an etchant because it creates a rough surface on the tooth enamel, allowing for better adhesion of dental materials such as composite resin. It removes the smear layer and creates micro-porosities on the tooth surface, which improves the bond strength between the tooth and the bonding agent. Phosphoric acid is a safe and effective choice for etching in dental bonding procedures.
41.
A dental liner is placed:
Correct Answer
C. In the deepest area of the tooth preparation.
Explanation
A dental liner is placed in the deepest area of the tooth preparation to provide additional protection and support to the tooth structure. This helps to prevent sensitivity, promote healing, and improve the longevity of the dental restoration. Placing the liner in the deepest area ensures that it covers the most vulnerable part of the tooth and provides the maximum benefit.
42.
Calcium hydroxide:
Correct Answer
B. Stimulates the production of reparative dentin.
Explanation
Calcium hydroxide stimulates the production of reparative dentin. This means that when calcium hydroxide is applied to a tooth, it encourages the tooth to produce new dentin, which is the hard tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth. This can be beneficial in situations where the tooth has been damaged or decayed, as the production of reparative dentin can help to strengthen and protect the tooth.
43.
A desensitizer could be indicated for which of the following procedures?
Correct Answer
A. Amalgam
Explanation
A desensitizer could be indicated for the Amalgam procedure. Desensitizers are used to reduce tooth sensitivity, which can be a common side effect of dental procedures. Amalgam fillings, which are made of a combination of metals, can sometimes cause sensitivity in the tooth being filled. Therefore, using a desensitizer before or during the placement of an amalgam filling can help alleviate any discomfort or sensitivity experienced by the patient.
44.
Bonding agents or adhesives:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.
Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because bonding agents or adhesives can be light-cured, meaning they can be hardened using a light source. They must also be used after etching, which is a process of preparing the tooth surface for bonding. Additionally, bonding agents or adhesives are available as self-cured, meaning they can harden without the need for a light source. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding bonding agents or adhesives.
45.
Insulating base material should cover the entire _______ to a thickness of _____ mm.
Correct Answer
B. Pulpal floor; 1-2
Explanation
The insulating base material should cover the entire pulpal floor to a thickness of 1-2 mm. This is important because the pulpal floor is the part of the tooth that is closest to the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. By covering the pulpal floor with an insulating material, it helps to protect the pulp from any potential irritants or stimuli that may be present during the cavity preparation process. Additionally, the thickness of 1-2 mm ensures that there is enough material to provide adequate insulation and protection.
46.
Calcium hydroxide liner is a frequently used liner because it:
Correct Answer
A. Stimulates production of secondary dentin.
Explanation
Calcium hydroxide liner is frequently used because it stimulates the production of secondary dentin. Secondary dentin is a protective layer that forms in response to tooth damage or irritation. Calcium hydroxide stimulates the pulp cells to produce this secondary dentin, which helps to strengthen and protect the tooth. This property makes calcium hydroxide an effective liner material in dental procedures.
47.
Dental bonding is also referred to as a:
Correct Answer
A. Dental adhesion.
Explanation
Dental bonding is a dental procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material is applied and bonded to the tooth's surface using adhesives and a curing light. This procedure helps to improve the appearance of the tooth, repair damage, and fill in gaps. Therefore, dental bonding is also referred to as dental adhesion, as it involves the bonding of the resin material to the tooth surface.
48.
Etchant removes the _____ layer in preparation for bonding.
Correct Answer
C. Smear
Explanation
Etchant is used to remove the smear layer in preparation for bonding. The smear layer is a thin layer of debris and organic material that is created on the surface of the tooth during dental procedures. It can interfere with the bonding process, so it needs to be removed before bonding materials are applied. Etchant is a solution that is applied to the tooth surface to dissolve and remove the smear layer, allowing for better adhesion of bonding materials.
49.
If a varnish is used, it is always used before other materials.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The given statement is false. Varnish is not always used before other materials. Varnish is a type of finish that is applied to wood or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative coating. It can be applied either before or after other materials, depending on the desired outcome. For example, varnish can be applied as a final coat to enhance the appearance and protect the underlying layers of paint or stain. Alternatively, varnish can also be applied before other materials, such as paint or stain, to provide a smooth and even surface for better adhesion. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.
50.
Which of the following materials used as a base needs to set at least 5 minutes before placing the restoration?
Correct Answer
A. Polycarboxylate cement
Explanation
Polycarboxylate cement needs to set at least 5 minutes before placing the restoration. This is because polycarboxylate cement is a type of dental cement that requires a certain amount of time to fully harden and set. This setting time allows the cement to achieve optimal strength and stability, ensuring a durable and long-lasting restoration. Placing the restoration too soon could result in a weak bond and compromised restoration. Therefore, it is important to wait for the recommended setting time before proceeding with the placement of the restoration.