Can You Pass The Endocrinology Exam? Quiz

1.

Endocrine glands secrete products into ducts which empty into body cavities (such as sweat, oil, mucous)

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Exocrine glands secrete into ducts which empty into body cavities. Endocrine glands secrete products either into the bloodstream or to nearby tissues/cells.

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2.

An example of negative feedback would be

A.

A deficiency of a hormone that leads to an increase in the number of receptors for that hormone
B.

Increase hormones causing an organ to produce even more of the same hormone
C.

The oxytocin feedback loop
D.

Excess hormone leading to a decrease in the number of receptors

Correct Answer(s)
A. A deficiency of a hormone that leads to an increase in the number of receptors for that hormone
D. Excess hormone leading to a decrease in the number of receptors

Explanation
Both down and up-regulation are examples of negative feedback. Negative feedback - self-limiting. Oxytocin is an example of positive/feedforward feedback

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3.

Hormones that enter the bloodstream to act on a distant effector are called

A.

Endocrines
B.

Exocrines
C.

Paracrines
D.

Autocrines

Correct Answer
A. Endocrines

Explanation
Exocrine - Secreted into ducts Paracrines and Autocrines - act without first entering bloodstream (local hormones)

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4.

Which of the following are lipid-soluble hormones?

A.

Thyroid hormone
B.

Estrogen
C.

Adrenalin
D.

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Correct Answer(s)
A. Thyroid hormone
B. Estrogen

Explanation
Estrogen is a steroid - steroids are lipid soluble.

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5.

The hypothalamus is the major integrating link between nervous and endocrine systems.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
It receives input from cortex, thalamus, and limbic system as well as controls pituitary gland with regulating hormones.

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6.

Gonadotrophs produce

A.

FSH and LH
B.

GH
C.

TSH
D.

PRL

Correct Answer
A. FSH and LH

Explanation
Gonadotrophs produce gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

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7.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is derived from neural tissue.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
The posterior lobe is derived from neural tissue.

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8.

ADH and Oxytocin are produced by

A.

Hypothalamus
B.

Posterior pituitary
C.

Anterior pituitary
D.

Chromaffin cells

Correct Answer
A. Hypothalamus

Explanation
ADH and Oxytocin are released in the posterior pituitary but are produced in the hypothalamus.

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9.

Which of the following are adenohypophyseal hormones?

A.

FSH
B.

ADH
C.

MSH
D.

Oxytocin
E.

TSH
F.

PRL
G.

Adrenaline

Correct Answer(s)
A. FSH
C. MSH
E. TSH
F. PRL

Explanation
Adenohypophyseal hormones are hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and PRL (prolactin) are all adenohypophyseal hormones. These hormones play important roles in various physiological processes such as reproduction, melanin production, thyroid function, and lactation. ADH (antidiuretic hormone), oxytocin, and adrenaline are not adenohypophyseal hormones as they are produced by the posterior pituitary gland and adrenal glands, respectively.

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10.

Which of the following is not true regarding IGFs?

A.

IGF secretion is increased by obesity
B.

IGFs stimulate general body growth
C.

IGF secretion is increased in sleep, stress, starvation, and puberty
D.

GH promotes synthesis and secretion of IGFs

Correct Answer
A. IGF secretion is increased by obesity

Explanation
IGF secretion is decreased by obesity.

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11.

Suckling reduces levels of inhibition on PRL and causes an increase in milk production. Dopamine inhibits PRL.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
PRL = Milk production
Oxytocin = Milk let down

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12.

Hyposecretion of ADH will cause

A.

Diabetes Insipidus
B.

Diabetes Mellitus
C.

Type 1 Diabetes
D.

Increased arteriolar constriction

Correct Answer
A. Diabetes Insipidus

Explanation
ADH promotes arteriolar constriction. Therefore decreased ADH will result in decreased arteriolar constriction.

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13.

T3 is 10X more active than T4.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
T3 being 10X more active than T4 means that T3 has a higher biological activity compared to T4. This implies that T3 is more potent and effective in carrying out its functions in the body. Therefore, the statement "T3 is 10X more active than T4" is true.

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14.

Low blood pressure stimulates the kidneys to release renin, ultimately leading to

A.

An increase in angiotensin 2, Na reabsorption, and blood pressure
B.

A decrease in angiotensin 2, Na reabsoprtion, but an increase in blood pressure
C.

An increase in K excretion
D.

A decrease in K excretion

Correct Answer(s)
A. An increase in angiotensin 2, Na reabsorption, and blood pressure
C. An increase in K excretion

Explanation
Low blood pressure stimulates the release of renin by the kidneys. Renin then acts on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin 1, which is further converted to angiotensin 2 by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin 2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, leading to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Additionally, angiotensin 2 also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, which promotes the excretion of potassium (K+) by the kidneys, resulting in an increase in K+ excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is that low blood pressure leads to an increase in angiotensin 2, Na reabsorption, blood pressure, and an increase in K+ excretion.

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15.

Increased blood glucose would result in which hormone to be release.

A.

Glucagon
B.

Insulin
C.

Epinephrine
D.

Glycogen

Correct Answer
B. Insulin

Explanation
When blood glucose levels increase, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. It promotes the storage of glucose in the liver and muscles as glycogen, and it also stimulates the conversion of glucose into fat for long-term energy storage. Therefore, in response to increased blood glucose, insulin is released to lower the levels back to normal.

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16.

Glucagon is released in states of fasting to trigger glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
In states of fasting, blood glucose is low and the body must resort to using glucose reserves (in glycogen, body fat, proteins)

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17.

In the menstrual cycle, estrogen acts to both decrease FSH & LH as well as increase levels of FSH & LH

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
In the follicular phase (usually days 1-11) estrogen produced by the follicles acts through negative feedback to inhibit FSH and LH. Right before ovulation, the negative feedback switches to positive feedback and there is a surge in FSH & LH, which causes ovulation. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secrets estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, which inhibit FSH & LH secretion.

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18.

The thymus remains constant in size and function throughout a person's life.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
After puberty, the thymus is replaced with adipose tissue.

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