Gait
Ofgait first test 2nd year uni
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Definition of spatial feature of gait is
- A.
Measurement of duration of gait
- B.
Measurement of time of gait
- C.
Measurement of foot placement
Correct Answer
C. Measurement of foot placementExplanation
The spatial feature of gait refers to the measurement of foot placement. This involves analyzing the distance and position of each foot as it is placed during walking or running. By measuring foot placement, researchers and healthcare professionals can assess various aspects of gait, such as stride length, step width, and overall stability. This information is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect gait, such as Parkinson's disease or musculoskeletal disorders.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Measurement of duration of gait is called
- A.
Spatial
- B.
Temporal
- C.
Kinematics
Correct Answer
B. TemporalExplanation
The measurement of duration of gait refers to the time taken for each step during walking or running. This is known as temporal measurement because it focuses on the timing aspect of the gait cycle. It involves analyzing the time intervals between different events in the gait cycle, such as heel strike and toe-off. By measuring the temporal aspects of gait, researchers and clinicians can assess the timing and coordination of movement, identify abnormalities or asymmetries, and track progress in rehabilitation or treatment.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A definitions of Kinematics is
- A.
Examination of forces and effects on body
- B.
Body in motion regardless of forces that produce that motion
- C.
Examination of body and effects in motion
Correct Answer
B. Body in motion regardless of forces that produce that motionExplanation
The correct answer is "body in motion regardless of forces that produce that motion". Kinematics specifically focuses on the study of motion, without considering the forces that cause that motion. It is concerned with describing the position, velocity, and acceleration of objects in motion, as well as the relationships between these quantities. This definition highlights the fact that kinematics is solely concerned with the motion itself, rather than the forces responsible for it.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is not a ways to analysis gait
- A.
Observation
- B.
Force plate analysis
- C.
Foot pressure studies
- D.
2d motion analysis
Correct Answer
D. 2d motion analysisExplanation
2D motion analysis is not a way to analyze gait because it only captures movement in two dimensions, typically using video cameras, which limits the amount of information that can be obtained about the complex movements and forces involved in walking. Other methods such as observation, force plate analysis, and foot pressure studies provide more comprehensive data on gait patterns, forces exerted, and pressure distribution on the feet.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is not a requirement for normal gait
- A.
Hearing
- B.
Vision
- C.
Muscle
Correct Answer
A. HearingExplanation
Hearing is not a requirement for normal gait because gait refers to the pattern of walking, which primarily relies on the coordination of muscles and the ability to maintain balance. While hearing can contribute to spatial awareness and safety during walking, it is not essential for the basic mechanics of gait. Vision, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in gait as it helps to detect obstacles and maintain balance. Muscles are also essential for generating the necessary movements and providing stability during walking.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What does HAT mean
- A.
Head arm and throat
- B.
Head arm and trunk
- C.
Height and toe
Correct Answer
B. Head arm and trunkExplanation
The acronym HAT stands for head, arm, and trunk. This means that when referring to HAT, it is referring to the three main parts of the human body: the head, the arms, and the trunk or torso.Rate this question:
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- 7.
During gait muscles use
- A.
Minimum energy
- B.
Maximum energy
- C.
Stored energy
Correct Answer
A. Minimum energyExplanation
During gait, muscles use minimum energy because the human body is designed to be efficient in its movements. When walking or running, the muscles work in a coordinated manner, utilizing the body's natural biomechanics to conserve energy. This is achieved through a combination of muscle contractions and relaxations, as well as the efficient transfer of energy from one muscle group to another. By using minimum energy, the body is able to sustain prolonged periods of walking or running without excessive fatigue.Rate this question:
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- 8.
How many phase of gait
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
4
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
The question is asking about the number of phases in gait. Gait refers to the pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion. The correct answer is 2 because there are two main phases in gait: the stance phase and the swing phase. During the stance phase, the foot is in contact with the ground, providing support. In the swing phase, the foot is off the ground, moving forward in preparation for the next step. These two phases alternate as a person walks or runs, making 2 the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 9.
How much time is the gait cycle in double support in gait
- A.
10%
- B.
20%
- C.
30%
Correct Answer
B. 20%Explanation
The correct answer is 20% because during the gait cycle, there are two periods of double support where both feet are on the ground. These periods occur at the beginning and end of the gait cycle, each accounting for approximately 10% of the total gait cycle. Therefore, the total time spent in double support is 20% of the gait cycle.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is not stance phase of gait
- A.
Pre swing
- B.
Mid swing
- C.
Loading response
Correct Answer
B. Mid swingExplanation
The correct answer is mid swing because mid swing is not a phase of the stance phase of gait. The stance phase of gait consists of loading response, mid stance, and terminal stance. Mid swing is a phase of the swing phase of gait, which occurs after the stance phase. During mid swing, the leg is swinging forward and preparing for foot contact with the ground.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Heel rise is end of which phase and start of which phase
- A.
Loading response - mid stance
- B.
Mid stance - terminal stance
- C.
Terminal stance - pre swing
Correct Answer
B. Mid stance - terminal stanceExplanation
Heel rise marks the transition from mid stance to terminal stance. During mid stance, the body weight is fully transferred onto the supporting foot, and the foot is flat on the ground. As the heel begins to lift off the ground, it indicates the start of terminal stance, where the body prepares for the push-off phase and the foot propels the body forward in preparation for the swing phase.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Goals that must be achieved in gait
- A.
Ground clearance
- B.
Balance of head arms and trunk at shoulder
- C.
Body mass transfer to swinging leg
Correct Answer
A. Ground clearanceExplanation
Ground clearance refers to the distance between the ground and the lowest point of the body during gait. It is an important goal that must be achieved in gait to ensure that the feet do not drag on the ground and cause tripping or stumbling. Maintaining adequate ground clearance allows for smooth and efficient movement while walking or running.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When does swing phase occur
- A.
Heel rise to toe off
- B.
Toe off to heel strike
- C.
Heel strike to opposite toe off
Correct Answer
B. Toe off to heel strikeExplanation
The swing phase occurs from toe off to heel strike. During this phase, the foot is off the ground and swinging forward, preparing for the next step. The toe off is when the toes push off the ground, propelling the body forward, and the heel strike is when the heel makes contact with the ground again to start the next stance phase.Rate this question:
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- 14.
what is A
- A.
Base of gait
- B.
Angle of gait
- C.
Step length
Correct Answer
A. Base of gaitExplanation
The base of gait refers to the distance between the two feet when walking or running. It is the width of the space between the feet and is an important measurement in assessing stability and balance during gait. A wider base of gait provides more stability, while a narrower base of gait requires more control and balance. Therefore, understanding the base of gait is crucial in evaluating and analyzing an individual's walking or running pattern.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is B
- A.
Base of gait
- B.
Angle of gait
- C.
Stride length
Correct Answer
C. Stride lengthExplanation
Stride length refers to the distance covered by an individual's leg during one step while walking or running. It is the measurement from the heel strike of one foot to the heel strike of the same foot in the next step. Stride length is an important factor in analyzing gait patterns and can vary depending on factors such as speed, height, and leg length.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Cadence is
- A.
Steps per gait cycle
- B.
Steps per minute
- C.
Walking time
Correct Answer
B. Steps per minuteExplanation
The term "cadence" refers to the number of steps taken per minute. It is a measure of how fast someone is walking or running. This answer correctly identifies "steps per minute" as the definition of cadence, which is the most accurate explanation among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Degree between the line of progression and midline of foot is called
- A.
Toe in / toe out angle
- B.
Base of gait
- C.
Stride length
Correct Answer
A. Toe in / toe out angleExplanation
The degree between the line of progression and midline of the foot is referred to as the toe in/toe out angle. This angle describes the direction in which the toes are pointing during walking or running. A toe-in angle indicates that the toes are pointing inward, towards the midline of the body, while a toe-out angle suggests that the toes are pointing outward, away from the midline. This angle is important in assessing gait abnormalities and can help identify issues with foot alignment and biomechanics.Rate this question:
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- 18.
part of the gait cycle where only a single limb is in contact with the ground. Time between terminal stance and initial contact of the opposite limb
- A.
Double support time
- B.
Single support time
- C.
Swing phase
Correct Answer
B. Single support timeExplanation
The single support time refers to the part of the gait cycle where only one limb is in contact with the ground. It is the time between the terminal stance of one limb and the initial contact of the opposite limb. This phase is important for maintaining balance and stability during walking or running.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the opposite foot
- A.
Stride length
- B.
Cycle time
- C.
Step length
Correct Answer
C. Step lengthExplanation
Step length refers to the distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the opposite foot. It is the distance covered by one step, from the point where one foot makes contact with the ground to the point where the other foot makes contact. Stride length, on the other hand, refers to the distance covered by two consecutive steps. Cycle time is the time taken to complete one full stride or step. Therefore, step length is the most appropriate term to describe the distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the opposite foot.Rate this question:
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- 20.
time between the sequential points of initial contact by the opposite foot
- A.
Step time
- B.
Step length
- C.
Stride length
Correct Answer
A. Step timeExplanation
Step time refers to the duration or time interval between the sequential points of initial contact made by the opposite foot. It measures the time taken for one complete step, starting from the moment one foot makes contact with the ground to the moment the opposite foot makes contact. The other options, step length and stride length, refer to the distance covered by the foot during a step or a stride, respectively, and do not specifically measure the time interval.Rate this question:
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- 21.
distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the same foot
- A.
Step time
- B.
Step length
- C.
Stride length
Correct Answer
C. Stride lengthExplanation
Stride length refers to the distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the same foot. It is the measurement of the distance covered by a person in a single stride, which includes the distance covered by both feet. Step time refers to the time taken for a single step, while step length refers to the distance covered by a single step. Therefore, stride length is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the distance between the sequential points of initial contact by the same foot.Rate this question:
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- 22.
the elapsed time between the 1st contact of two consecutive footfalls of the same foot
- A.
Cycle time
- B.
Step time
- C.
Step length
Correct Answer
A. Cycle timeExplanation
Cycle time refers to the elapsed time between two consecutive footfalls of the same foot. It represents the time it takes for a complete cycle to occur, starting from the first contact of one footfall to the first contact of the next footfall. This term is commonly used in the context of analyzing human gait or walking patterns.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is the total ROM of hip during normal gait
- A.
50 degree (30 flexion 20 extension)
- B.
70 degree ( 40 flexion 30 extension )
- C.
59 degree ( 20 flexion 30 extension )
Correct Answer
A. 50 degree (30 flexion 20 extension)Explanation
During normal gait, the total range of motion (ROM) of the hip is 50 degrees, with 30 degrees of flexion and 20 degrees of extension. This means that the hip joint can bend forward (flexion) by 30 degrees and bend backward (extension) by 20 degrees, resulting in a total ROM of 50 degrees.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Sartorius,adductor longus, rectus femoris , gracilis, iliopsoas do what at the hip during gait
- A.
Flexors
- B.
Extensors
- C.
Adductors
Correct Answer
A. FlexorsExplanation
During gait, the sartorius, adductor longus, rectus femoris, gracilis, and iliopsoas muscles work as flexors at the hip. These muscles are responsible for bending the hip joint, bringing the thigh closer to the torso. This action is necessary for lifting the leg off the ground and moving it forward during walking or running. The flexion movement allows for proper leg swing and helps maintain balance and stability during gait.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Adductor magnus, gluteus magnas (lower) bicep femoris (long head), senimembranous, semitendinois do what during normal gait
- A.
Flex
- B.
Extend
- C.
Rotate
Correct Answer
B. ExtendExplanation
During normal gait, the adductor magnus, gluteus magnus (lower), biceps femoris (long head), semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles all work together to extend the leg. This means that they help to straighten the leg at the hip joint, allowing for forward movement during walking.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus (upper) gluteus medius do what the hip
- A.
Adductors
- B.
Abductors
- C.
Flexors
Correct Answer
B. AbductorsExplanation
The tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius are muscles that function as abductors of the hip. Abduction refers to the movement of the leg away from the midline of the body. The gluteus maximus, on the other hand, is primarily responsible for hip extension and external rotation. The adductors, as the name suggests, are muscles that bring the leg closer to the midline of the body. Flexors, on the other hand, refer to muscles that decrease the angle at a joint. Therefore, the correct answer is abductors.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus , gracilis do what at hip
- A.
Adductors
- B.
Abductors
- C.
Extensor
Correct Answer
A. AdductorsExplanation
The adductor magnus, adductor longus, and gracilis muscles are responsible for adduction at the hip joint. Adduction refers to the movement of bringing the leg or thigh towards the midline of the body. These muscles work together to pull the leg inward, allowing for movements such as crossing the legs or bringing the thighs together. The adductors play an important role in stabilizing the hip joint and maintaining balance during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of these is not an hamstring
- A.
Semtendinosis
- B.
Bicep femoris
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Rectus femoris
Correct Answer
D. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is not a hamstring muscle. The hamstrings are a group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, which include the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. The biceps femoris is also a hamstring muscle. However, the rectus femoris is a muscle located in the front of the thigh and is part of the quadriceps muscle group.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of these muscles are quadriceps
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Bicep femoris
- C.
Vastus lateralis
- D.
Sartorius
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rectus femoris
C. Vastus lateralis
D. SartoriusExplanation
The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and sartorius muscles are all quadriceps muscles. The rectus femoris is located in the front of the thigh and helps with knee extension. The vastus lateralis is also located in the front of the thigh and is responsible for knee extension and stabilization. The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the body and runs from the hip to the knee, helping with flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip, as well as flexion of the knee.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which muscle work antagonist
- A.
Quadriceps and adductors
- B.
Quadriceps and hamstring
- C.
Hamstring and adductors
Correct Answer
B. Quadriceps and hamstringExplanation
The quadriceps and hamstring muscles work as antagonists because they perform opposite actions at the knee joint. The quadriceps are responsible for knee extension, which straightens the leg, while the hamstring muscles are responsible for knee flexion, which bends the leg. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes to allow for the desired movement. Therefore, the quadriceps and hamstring muscles work as antagonists to maintain balance and control in leg movements.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which muscle has origins ilium and insertion tibial tuberosity
- A.
Vastus lateralis
- B.
Sartorius
- C.
Rectus femoris
Correct Answer
C. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris muscle has its origins in the ilium and inserts at the tibial tuberosity. This muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles located in the front of the thigh. It plays a crucial role in extending the leg at the knee joint and is involved in activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The origins and insertion points mentioned in the question align with the rectus femoris muscle, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of these muscles external rotate hip
- A.
Gluteus maximus
- B.
Gluteaus medius
- C.
Gluteus minimus
Correct Answer
A. Gluteus maximusExplanation
gluteus maximus extends and lateral rotation of hip the other 2 abduction aand medial rotation of hipRate this question:
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- 33.
How many deep muscles are abductors
- A.
3
- B.
4
- C.
5
Correct Answer
B. 4Explanation
piriforms, obturator internus, gemellus superior and gemellus.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Spatial measures
- A.
Distance
- B.
Time
- C.
Motion
Correct Answer
A. DistanceExplanation
Distance is a spatial measure that refers to the amount of space between two points or objects. It is a numerical measurement that represents the length of the path traveled by an object. In the context of the given options, distance is the only one that directly relates to spatial measures. Time and motion, on the other hand, are not specific to spatial measurements and can be applied to various other contexts. Therefore, distance is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Distance between the most medial aspects of opposite weight bearing feet
- A.
Cadence
- B.
Walking speed
- C.
Dynamic Base
Correct Answer
C. Dynamic BaseExplanation
Dynamic Base refers to the distance between the most medial aspects of opposite weight-bearing feet. It is a measure of the width of the base of support during walking or running. This measurement is important in assessing balance and stability during gait. Cadence refers to the number of steps taken per minute, while walking speed refers to the velocity at which an individual walks. These measures are not directly related to the distance between the most medial aspects of opposite weight-bearing feet.Rate this question:
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- 36.
--------- Part of the gait cycle characterized by both feet being on the ground simultaneously. Time between initial contact of one limb and toe off of the opposite limb.
- A.
Double support time
- B.
Single support time
- C.
Swing time
Correct Answer
A. Double support timeExplanation
Double support time refers to the part of the gait cycle where both feet are on the ground simultaneously. It is the time between the initial contact of one limb and the toe off of the opposite limb. During this phase, both feet provide support and stability to the body.Rate this question:
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- 37.
How many motion of plane does the knee occurs on
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
The knee joint allows for three basic motions: flexion, extension, and slight rotation. Flexion refers to bending the knee, extension refers to straightening the knee, and slight rotation allows for a small amount of twisting or pivoting. Therefore, the correct answer is 3, as the knee can perform these three motions.Rate this question:
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- 38.
During loading response of gait, the knee
- A.
Abducts
- B.
Adducts
- C.
In neutral
Correct Answer
A. AbductsExplanation
during stance the motion at the knee is abduction, most of this occurs during loading response, during swing the knee returns to a more neutral postion bt adducting.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which plane of motion is extension and flexion of knee
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Transverse
- C.
Sagittal
Correct Answer
C. SagittalExplanation
The extension and flexion of the knee occur in the sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves and movements in this plane involve forward and backward motions. The knee joint moves in a back-and-forth motion when extending and flexing, which aligns with the characteristics of the sagittal plane.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of these is not a knee flexor
- A.
Bicep femoris
- B.
Rectus femoris
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Gatrocnemius
- E.
Gracilis
- F.
Sartorius
Correct Answer
B. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is not a knee flexor. It is actually a knee extensor, as it is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps group. The bicep femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus are all muscles that make up the hamstring group and are responsible for knee flexion. The gracilis and sartorius are also muscles that contribute to knee flexion.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of these is not a knee extensor
- A.
Vastus medialis
- B.
Rectus femoris
- C.
Vastus lateralis
- D.
Sartorius
Correct Answer
D. SartoriusExplanation
The sartorius muscle is not a knee extensor. It is the longest muscle in the human body and functions primarily as a hip flexor and knee flexor. It helps with crossing the legs and rotating the thigh. The other three muscles listed, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis, are all knee extensors and play a role in extending the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The knee internally rotates from which 2 pionts
- A.
Heel strike to foot flat
- B.
Heel off to toe off
- C.
From toe off to initial contact
Correct Answer
C. From toe off to initial contactExplanation
The correct answer is from toe off to initial contact. During the gait cycle, the knee internally rotates as the foot moves from the toe off phase, where the foot pushes off the ground, to the initial contact phase, where the foot makes contact with the ground again. This internal rotation of the knee helps to absorb shock and maintain stability during the transition from the swing phase to the stance phase of walking or running.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Lateral rotation of the femur and medial rotaion of the tibia is called
- A.
Locking of knee
- B.
Unlocking of the knee
- C.
Knee valgus
Correct Answer
B. Unlocking of the kneeExplanation
The correct answer is unlocking of the knee. This term refers to the movement in which the femur laterally rotates and the tibia medially rotates, allowing the knee joint to move from a fully extended position to a flexed position. This unlocking motion is necessary to initiate knee flexion and allows for smooth and controlled movement of the joint.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Unlocking of the knee is nessary for what to happen
- A.
Loosen tension on collateral and cruciate ligaments
- B.
Tighten tension on collateral and criate ligaments
- C.
To maintain a stable knee
Correct Answer
A. Loosen tension on collateral and cruciate ligamentsExplanation
locking of knee stablises knee, ligaments become taut by the medial rotaion of the femur and lateral rotation of the tibia during final stages of extension. enables upright standing with little energy expenditure.Rate this question:
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- 45.
During initial contact the knee is
- A.
Flexed
- B.
Extended
Correct Answer
A. FlexedExplanation
During the initial contact phase of walking or running, the knee is flexed. This means that the knee joint is bent, bringing the lower leg closer to the upper leg. This flexion helps to absorb the impact of the foot hitting the ground and allows for a smooth transition into the next phase of the gait cycle. Flexing the knee also helps to activate the muscles in the thigh and calf, providing stability and control during the initial contact phase.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of these is a demand on the knee
- A.
Shock absorption as the limb is loaded (stance)
- B.
Extensor stability for secure weight bearing (stance)
- C.
Rapid flexion in swing for limb advancement (swing)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Shock absorption as the limb is loaded (stance)
B. Extensor stability for secure weight bearing (stance)
C. Rapid flexion in swing for limb advancement (swing)Explanation
The knee joint is subjected to various demands during different phases of the gait cycle. During the stance phase, the knee needs to provide shock absorption as the limb is loaded, which helps to distribute the impact forces and protect other structures. Additionally, it requires extensor stability for secure weight bearing, ensuring that the knee remains stable and can support the body's weight. In the swing phase, the knee needs to perform rapid flexion to advance the limb forward for the next step. These demands on the knee joint are essential for normal gait and locomotion.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The knee reaches maximum flexion at
- A.
Toe off
- B.
Heel lift
- C.
Mid swing
Correct Answer
C. Mid swingExplanation
The knee reaches maximum flexion at mid swing because during this phase of the gait cycle, the leg is swinging forward and the knee is flexing to allow for clearance of the foot. As the leg swings forward, the knee bends to bring the foot up towards the buttocks. This maximum flexion occurs before the leg starts to extend for the next phase of the gait cycle.Rate this question:
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- 48.
LLD means
- A.
Leg length descripance
- B.
Leg limb differance
- C.
Limb to leg differance
Correct Answer
A. Leg length descripance -
- 49.
Angle of inclination is on what plane of motion
- A.
Transverse
- B.
Frontal
- C.
Sagittal
Correct Answer
B. FrontalExplanation
The angle of inclination refers to the angle at which a body segment or joint deviates from the frontal plane of motion. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves, and movements that occur in this plane are typically side-to-side or lateral movements. Therefore, the correct answer is frontal.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Coxa vara is
- A.
When the angle of the femoral inclination has decreased to beyond 128 degree
- B.
When the angle of the femoral inclination has increased to beyond 128 degree
- C.
When the angle of the femoral inclination is 128 degree
Correct Answer
A. When the angle of the femoral inclination has decreased to beyond 128 degreeExplanation
Coxa vara is a condition where the angle of the femoral inclination has decreased beyond 128 degrees. This means that the angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur is less than the normal range. This can lead to various issues such as a shorter leg, abnormal gait, and hip pain. It is important to diagnose and treat coxa vara to prevent further complications and improve overall function.Rate this question:
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