1.
These fibres come from plants and animals
Correct Answer
D. Natural fibers
Explanation
fibers that are absorbent and req longer dry times
2.
Natural fibres require longer drying times because they are?
Correct Answer
D. Absorbent
Explanation
Natural fibers require longer drying times because they are absorbent. This means that they have the ability to soak up and retain moisture. When these fibers get wet, they absorb the water, which then needs to evaporate for the fibers to dry. This process takes longer compared to fibers that are not absorbent.
3.
According to Wool's of New Zealand delicate natural wool fibres should be cleaned within a ph range of?
Correct Answer
A. 4.5 - 8.5
Explanation
Wool's of New Zealand suggests that delicate natural wool fibres should be cleaned within a pH range of 4.5 - 8.5. This pH range ensures that the cleaning solution is not too acidic or too alkaline, which could potentially damage the wool fibres. Keeping the pH within this range helps to maintain the integrity and quality of the wool, allowing it to be cleaned effectively without causing any harm.
4.
Fibres that come from plants are called?
Correct Answer
E. Cellulosic
Explanation
Fibres that come from plants are called cellulosic because they are made up of cellulose, which is the main component of the cell walls in plant cells. Jute is a type of cellulosic fibre, but it is not the general term for all plant fibres. Cuticle is a waxy layer on the surface of leaves and stems, not a type of plant fibre. Protein is a macromolecule found in living organisms, not a type of plant fibre. Synthetic fibres are man-made and not derived from plants.
5.
Fibres that are taken from animals or animal by-products are called?
Correct Answer
B. Protein
Explanation
Fibres that are taken from animals or animal by-products are called protein. This is because animal fibres, such as wool, silk, and cashmere, are primarily composed of proteins. These proteins give these fibres unique properties, such as warmth, softness, and durability. Animal fibres are highly valued in the textile industry for their natural and luxurious characteristics.
6.
Protein fibres are dissolved in a 5.25% solution of?
Correct Answer
C. Bleach
Explanation
Protein fibres can be dissolved in a 5.25% solution of bleach. Bleach contains sodium hypochlorite, which has the ability to break down and dissolve proteins. This is why bleach is commonly used as a stain remover for protein-based stains, such as blood or grass stains. The high concentration of bleach in the solution makes it effective in breaking down the protein fibres.
7.
The chemical name for chlorine bleach is?
Correct Answer
D. Sodium hypochlorite
Explanation
Sodium hypochlorite is the correct answer because it is commonly known as chlorine bleach. It is a chemical compound that is used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. Sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizing agent and is effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is commonly used for household cleaning and laundry purposes.
8.
The two most common natural fibres are?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Wool
D. Cotton
Explanation
The two most common natural fibers are wool and cotton. Wool is derived from the fleece of sheep and is known for its warmth and insulation properties. Cotton, on the other hand, comes from the cotton plant and is widely used in the textile industry due to its softness, breathability, and durability. Both wool and cotton have been used for centuries in various applications, making them the most commonly used natural fibers.
9.
When subjected to a burn test protein fibres will ignite but then they will?
Correct Answer
A. Self extinguish
Explanation
When subjected to a burn test, protein fibers will ignite due to their combustible nature. However, unlike synthetic fibers, protein fibers have a self-extinguishing property. This means that once they catch fire, they will stop burning on their own without the need for external intervention. This is due to the natural composition of protein fibers, which lack the synthetic additives that sustain combustion. Therefore, the protein fibers will self-extinguish after igniting, making this the correct answer.
10.
The strongest of all natural fibres are?
Correct Answer
E. Silk
Explanation
Silk is the strongest of all natural fibers. It is known for its exceptional tensile strength, which means it can withstand a significant amount of pulling force without breaking. Silk fibers are composed of protein molecules that are tightly packed together, giving it its strength. This property makes silk highly durable and resistant to tearing or stretching. Additionally, silk is also known for its smooth texture and lustrous appearance, making it a popular choice for various applications including clothing, upholstery, and even medical sutures.
11.
Most wool is generally the fleece of a?
Correct Answer
C. Sheep
Explanation
Wool is commonly obtained from sheep. Sheep are known for their thick coat of wool, which is sheared off to obtain the fleece. Other animals like goats and alpacas also produce wool, but sheep are the most common source of wool.
12.
Wool dates back to over?
Correct Answer
B. 2000 b.c.
Explanation
Wool dates back to over 2000 b.c. This means that the use of wool as a textile material can be traced back to at least 2000 b.c. Wool has been used for various purposes throughout history, including clothing, blankets, and rugs. The durability, warmth, and insulating properties of wool have made it a popular choice for centuries. The answer of 2000 b.c. indicates that wool has a long and rich history, dating back thousands of years.
13.
The first growth of wool is called?
Correct Answer
D. Lambs wool
Explanation
The first growth of wool is called lambs wool because it refers to the initial wool that is obtained from young lambs. Lambs wool is known for its softness and high quality, making it desirable for various products such as clothing and blankets. This term specifically distinguishes the wool obtained from lambs from the wool obtained from older sheep.
14.
Name the 3 parts of the wool fibre?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Medulla
D. Cuticle
E. Cortex
Explanation
The correct answer is medulla, cuticle, and cortex. The medulla is the innermost layer of the wool fiber, providing insulation. The cuticle is the outermost layer, protecting the fiber from damage and providing a smooth surface. The cortex is the middle layer, containing the majority of the fiber's keratin protein, which gives wool its strength and elasticity.
15.
The process of ginning was invented by?
Correct Answer
C. Eli whitney
Explanation
Eli Whitney is credited with inventing the process of ginning. Ginning refers to the process of removing the seeds from cotton fibers, which was a labor-intensive task before Whitney's invention. In 1793, Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that automated the process and significantly increased the efficiency of cotton production. This invention revolutionized the cotton industry and played a crucial role in the expansion of slavery in the United States.
16.
The two parts of a cellulosic fibre are?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Epidermis
D. Lumen
Explanation
Cellulosic fibers are composed of two main parts - the epidermis and the lumen. The epidermis is the outer layer of the fiber, which provides protection and strength. The lumen is the inner part of the fiber, which contains the cellulose molecules and gives the fiber its structural integrity. These two parts work together to make cellulosic fibers suitable for various applications, such as textiles and paper production.
17.
Over-wetting, improper drying, high alkalinity on a plant fibre can cause a condition called?
Correct Answer
C. Cellulosic browning
Explanation
Over-wetting, improper drying, and high alkalinity can cause cellulosic browning on plant fibers. This condition refers to the discoloration or browning of the cellulose fibers due to these factors. It is a result of chemical reactions that occur when the fibers are exposed to excessive moisture, inadequate drying, or alkaline substances. This can lead to a degradation of the cellulose structure, resulting in the brown discoloration.
18.
Synthetic fibres made by one of three different methods are referred to as?
Correct Answer
B. Extrusion
Explanation
Extrusion is the correct answer because synthetic fibers can be made through three different methods, one of which is extrusion. This process involves forcing a molten polymer through a spinneret to form continuous filaments, which are then cooled and solidified to create synthetic fibers. The other options, extraneous, extemporaneous, and cataclysmic, do not relate to the process of making synthetic fibers. "Hot drawn" is not a commonly used term in the context of synthetic fiber production.
19.
The fibres can be shiny, dull or anywhere in between by changing the size or shape of the holes located in the?
Correct Answer
E. Spinneret
Explanation
A spinneret is a device used in the production of fibers, such as those used in textiles. It contains small holes through which a liquid polymer is forced, forming the fibers. The size or shape of these holes can be adjusted, resulting in fibers that can be shiny, dull, or anywhere in between. Therefore, the correct answer is spinneret.
20.
Synthetic fibers naturally attract?
Correct Answer
C. Oil
Explanation
Synthetic fibers have a high affinity for oil due to their chemical composition. The structure of synthetic fibers allows them to attract and hold onto oil molecules, making them resistant to water and soil. This property makes synthetic fibers useful in applications such as oil spills cleanup or oil-absorbent materials.
21.
Synthetic fibres should be maintenance cleaned with a pH of less than?
Correct Answer
D. 10
Explanation
Synthetic fibres should be maintenance cleaned with a pH of less than 10. This is because synthetic fibres are sensitive to high pH levels, which can cause damage to the fibers and result in color fading or fabric deterioration. Using a pH of less than 10 ensures that the cleaning solution is gentle enough to effectively remove dirt and stains without causing harm to the synthetic fibres.
22.
Nylon can be dissolved by strong acids such as?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Formic
D. Muriatic
E. Sulfuric
Explanation
Nylon is a synthetic polymer that is resistant to many chemicals. However, it can be dissolved by strong acids such as formic, muriatic, and sulfuric acid. These acids have the ability to break down the chemical bonds in the nylon polymer, causing it to dissolve. Lye and peroxide, on the other hand, are not strong enough to dissolve nylon. Therefore, the correct answer is formic, muriatic, and sulfuric acid.
23.
Name the three types of spinning?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Melt spun
C. Dry spun
D. Wet spun
Explanation
The question asks for the three types of spinning. The answer includes "melt spun," "dry spun," and "wet spun." These three terms refer to different methods of spinning fibers into yarn. Melt spinning involves melting a polymer and extruding it through tiny holes to create fibers. Dry spinning involves dissolving a polymer in a solvent, then evaporating the solvent to form fibers. Wet spinning involves extruding a polymer solution into a coagulating bath to solidify the fibers. These three methods are commonly used in the textile industry to produce different types of yarns with specific properties.
24.
Name the most popular residential carpet face fibre?
Correct Answer
C. Nylon
Explanation
Nylon is the most popular residential carpet face fiber due to its durability, stain resistance, and ability to withstand heavy foot traffic. It is known for its resilience and long-lasting performance, making it a preferred choice for residential carpets. Nylon fibers also have excellent color retention and can be easily cleaned, making them suitable for households with pets or children. Overall, nylon offers a combination of strength, versatility, and aesthetic appeal, making it the top choice for residential carpeting.
25.
Name the two types of Nylon?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Type 6
C. Type 6.6
Explanation
The correct answer is type 6 and type 6.6. These are two different types of Nylon. Nylon is a synthetic polymer that is known for its strength, durability, and resistance to abrasion. Type 6 Nylon is made from a polymer called polyamide 6, while type 6.6 Nylon is made from a polymer called polyamide 6.6. Both types have similar properties but may have slight differences in terms of strength, heat resistance, and other characteristics.
26.
Nylon is dissolved by?
Correct Answer
B. Strong acids
Explanation
Nylon is a synthetic polymer that is resistant to many chemicals, including most acids and bases. However, strong acids can break down the chemical bonds in nylon, causing it to dissolve. Therefore, strong acids are capable of dissolving nylon.
27.
Name the dye type most commonly used to dye nylon?
Correct Answer
C. Acid dyed
Explanation
Acid dye is the most commonly used dye type to dye nylon. Acid dyes are specifically designed to work on protein fibers like nylon, as they have good affinity and adherence to these types of fibers. These dyes are typically used in an acidic dye bath, where the acid helps to enhance the dye's absorption and fixation onto the nylon fibers. Acid dyes provide vibrant and long-lasting colors on nylon, making them the preferred choice for dyeing this particular material.
28.
Nylon 1st generation advantage was?
Correct Answer
C. Round, strong, durable, shiny
Explanation
The advantage of the first generation of nylon was that it was round, strong, durable, and shiny.
29.
Nylon 2nd generation advantage was?
Correct Answer
D. Tri-lobial soil hiding yarns
Explanation
The advantage of the second generation of Nylon is the presence of tri-lobial soil hiding yarns. These yarns have a unique shape that helps to conceal dirt and stains, making the Nylon material appear cleaner for longer periods of time.
30.
Nylon 3rd generation advantage was?
Correct Answer
B. Built in anti-static properties
Explanation
Nylon 3rd generation had the advantage of built-in anti-static properties. This means that it had the ability to prevent the buildup of static electricity, which can be a common issue with certain materials. This feature would have made the nylon more comfortable to wear or use, as it would reduce the likelihood of static shocks or clinginess.
31.
Nylon 4th generation advantage was
Correct Answer
C. Flourochemical protection against soil and spills
Explanation
The advantage of the 4th generation of Nylon is its flourochemical protection against soil and spills. This means that the Nylon material has been treated with a special chemical that helps to repel dirt and liquids, making it easier to clean and maintain. This feature is particularly beneficial in areas where the material is likely to come into contact with dirt, stains, or spills, as it helps to prevent them from being absorbed into the fabric and causing permanent damage.
32.
Nylon 5th generation advantage was?
Correct Answer
B. Acid dye resisters colorless dyes
Explanation
The advantage of Nylon 5th generation is that it resists acid dyes, which means that it can maintain its color even when exposed to acidic substances. Additionally, it is able to resist colorless dyes, which allows it to maintain its original color without any fading or discoloration.
33.
These fibres are made from recycled beverage containers?
Correct Answer
A. P.E.T
Explanation
P.E.T stands for polyethylene terephthalate, which is a type of polyester. Polyester fibers can be made from recycled beverage containers, as P.E.T is a commonly used material for packaging beverages. Therefore, P.E.T is the correct answer as it is a fiber made from recycled beverage containers.
34.
This man-made fibre has many of the characteristics of wool is?
Correct Answer
A. Acrylic
Explanation
Acrylic is a man-made fiber that closely resembles wool in many ways. It has similar characteristics such as warmth, softness, and the ability to retain shape. Acrylic is also lightweight, durable, and resistant to wrinkles and shrinkage. It is often used as a substitute for wool in various applications, including clothing, blankets, and upholstery. Therefore, acrylic is the correct answer as it shares many similarities with wool.
35.
This fibre is considered the most adsorbent?
Correct Answer
C. Olefin
Explanation
Olefin is considered the most adsorbent fiber because it has a high surface area and a large number of active sites for adsorption. It has a high affinity for water and other liquids, allowing it to absorb and retain moisture effectively. Additionally, olefin fibers have a porous structure that enhances their adsorption capacity. This makes olefin a popular choice for applications where moisture management and absorption are important, such as in outdoor clothing, sportswear, and diapers.
36.
Which fibre will float on water?
Correct Answer
C. Olefin
Explanation
Olefin is the correct answer because it is a synthetic fiber that has low density and is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water. This property allows olefin fibers to float on water. Wool, cotton, rayon, and nylon are all natural or synthetic fibers that have higher densities and are hydrophilic, meaning they absorb water and would not float on water.
37.
Why does olefin float on water?
Correct Answer
E. Has a specific gravity of less than 1
Explanation
Olefin floats on water because it has a specific gravity of less than 1. Specific gravity is a measure of the density of a substance compared to the density of water. A specific gravity of less than 1 means that the substance is less dense than water, causing it to float. Since olefin is less dense than water, it is buoyant and floats on its surface.
38.
An unbroken length of extruded fibre is called?
Correct Answer
C. Continuous filament
Explanation
An unbroken length of extruded fiber is referred to as a continuous filament. This means that the fiber is produced without any breaks or interruptions, resulting in a long, continuous strand. This type of filament is commonly used in various industries such as textiles and manufacturing, where a continuous length of fiber is required for processes like weaving or spinning.
39.
This type of fibre is made of short pieces that must be blended and carded during the manufacturing process?
Correct Answer
C. Staple fibers
Explanation
Staple fibers are short pieces of fiber that are blended and carded during the manufacturing process to create a cohesive and uniform yarn. Unlike continuous filament fibers, which are long and continuous, staple fibers are shorter and need to be processed in order to create a strong and durable yarn. Plied yarn, warp yarns, and jute are not specifically mentioned as requiring blending and carding during manufacturing, making staple fibers the most fitting answer.
40.
Which type of fibre is stronger and less likely to fuzz?
Correct Answer
C. Continuous filament
Explanation
Continuous filament fibers are stronger and less likely to fuzz compared to staple fibers, crimped fibers, plied yarn, and sisal. Continuous filament fibers are made of long, continuous strands of fiber that do not have any breaks or interruptions, resulting in a stronger and more durable material. Additionally, the absence of breaks or loose ends in continuous filament fibers reduces the likelihood of fuzziness or fraying, making them a preferred choice for applications where strength and smoothness are important, such as in textiles and industrial materials.
41.
Which type of fibre is softer has greater bulk and is more likely to fuzz?
Correct Answer
A. Staple fibers
Explanation
Staple fibers are shorter fibers that have been cut from longer filaments. They are softer, have greater bulk, and are more likely to fuzz compared to other types of fibers. This is because their shorter length allows for more ends to be exposed, resulting in a softer feel and increased likelihood of fuzzing. Crimped fibers, continuous filaments, sisal, and plied yarn do not possess these characteristics, making staple fibers the correct answer.
42.
The characteristic that adds bulk and locks in twists is called?
Correct Answer
A. Crimp
Explanation
Crimp is the characteristic that adds bulk and locks in twists. This refers to the natural waviness or crimpiness of fibers, which allows them to interlock and hold their shape when twisted or spun. This crimp provides volume and structure to textiles, making them more resilient and resistant to flattening or losing their shape.
43.
The thickness of the fibre is called?
Correct Answer
B. Denier
Explanation
Denier is a unit of measurement used to determine the thickness or fineness of fibers. It is commonly used in the textile industry to describe the weight or density of fabrics. The higher the denier number, the thicker and heavier the fiber or fabric. Therefore, denier is the correct answer to the question asking for the term used to describe the thickness of a fiber.
44.
When we twist two or more yarns together it is called?
Correct Answer
D. Plied
Explanation
When we twist two or more yarns together, it is called "plied." Plying is a process in which multiple strands of yarn are twisted together to create a stronger and more durable yarn. This twisting action helps to secure the individual yarns together, preventing them from unraveling and creating a cohesive and stable yarn. Plied yarns are commonly used in knitting and weaving projects to create a more sturdy and resilient fabric.
45.
The process used to lock in crimp and twist is called?
Correct Answer
B. Heat setting
Explanation
Heat setting is the process used to lock in crimp and twist. It involves subjecting the fibers or yarns to high temperatures, causing them to undergo a permanent change in their structure. This helps to stabilize the crimp and twist, ensuring that they remain in place and do not unravel or flatten during subsequent use or processing. Heat setting is commonly used in the textile industry to improve the dimensional stability and appearance of fabrics and yarns.
46.
Name the three types of heat setting and how they work?
47.
The yarns that run in the lengthwise direction are called?
Correct Answer
B. Warp
Explanation
The correct answer is "warp". In weaving, the yarns that run in the lengthwise direction are called the warp. These yarns are typically stronger and more tightly tensioned than the weft yarns, which run horizontally. The warp yarns are attached to the loom and are responsible for providing the structure and foundation of the fabric.
48.
The yarns are used for spacing or to create a design or pattern?
Correct Answer
D. Filling
Explanation
Filling yarns are used to create a design or pattern in a fabric. They are inserted horizontally across the warp yarns during the weaving process. The filling yarns are typically different in color or texture from the warp yarns, which allows for the creation of various designs and patterns in the fabric.
49.
Name of the woven style that is known for heavy rib and is rolled and stretched in one direction only?
Correct Answer
A. Axminster
Explanation
Axminster is the correct answer because it is a woven style known for its heavy rib and is rolled and stretched in one direction only. Axminster carpets are made by weaving the pile and backing together, resulting in a durable and dense carpet with a distinctive ribbed texture. This weaving technique allows for intricate designs and patterns to be created.
50.
Method of construction where yarns are sewed into the back.
Correct Answer
A. Tufted
Explanation
Tufted is the correct answer because it refers to a method of construction where yarns are sewn into the back. This technique creates a looped or cut pile surface, commonly used in carpets and rugs. The yarns are stitched through a backing material to create tufts, resulting in a textured and durable finished product. This method is widely used due to its versatility and ability to create various patterns and designs.