1.
What can the client use for protection during an acrylic nail service?
Correct Answer
C. Dust Mask
Explanation
During an acrylic nail service, the client can use a dust mask for protection. This is because acrylic nails involve the use of chemicals and filing, which can produce fine dust particles that may be harmful to inhale. A dust mask helps to filter out these particles and prevent them from entering the client's respiratory system, ensuring their safety during the nail service.
2.
What portion of the epidermis is under the free edge of the nail?
Correct Answer
A. Hyponychium
Explanation
The hyponychium is the correct answer because it refers to the portion of the epidermis that is located beneath the free edge of the nail. It acts as a seal to protect the nail bed from infection and debris. The mantle is the fold of skin at the base of the nail, the lunula is the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail, and the perionychium refers to the skin surrounding the nail.
3.
A client makes an appointment to have a manicuring service for the first time. What should the manicurist do FIRST?
Correct Answer
D. Complete a client record card
Explanation
The manicurist should complete a client record card first. This is important as it helps the manicurist gather relevant information about the client, such as their contact details, any allergies or medical conditions, and their preferences. This information is crucial for providing a safe and personalized manicuring service. Signing a release form, testing for allergies, and scheduling the next appointment can be done after completing the client record card.
4.
The ability of the skin to return to its original shape after being stretched is due to elastic tissue found in the?
Correct Answer
C. Papillary layer
Explanation
The papillary layer is responsible for the ability of the skin to return to its original shape after being stretched. This layer is located directly beneath the epidermis and is composed of loose connective tissue. It contains elastic fibers that provide elasticity to the skin, allowing it to stretch and then return to its original form. The reticular layer, epidermal layer, and adipose layer do not have the same elastic properties as the papillary layer, making them incorrect choices.
5.
What can be used by the nail technician to strengthen weak natural nails
Correct Answer
A. Fabric wrap
Explanation
Fabric wrap can be used by a nail technician to strengthen weak natural nails. Fabric wrap is a thin material that is applied to the nail surface using adhesive. It provides additional support and reinforcement to weak nails, helping to prevent breakage and promote nail growth. This technique is often used as an alternative to acrylic or gel extensions for clients who prefer a more natural look.
6.
The Vascular system is also known as the
Correct Answer
C. Circulatory system
Explanation
The vascular system is also known as the circulatory system because it is responsible for the transportation of blood, oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries, that carry blood to and from the heart. The circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating body temperature, and delivering essential substances to cells while removing waste products. The term "vascular" specifically refers to the blood vessels, making the circulatory system the correct answer.
7.
When applying polish, which one of the following can be used to correct a smudge before applying more polish?
Correct Answer
C. Polish Remover
Explanation
Polish Remover can be used to correct a smudge before applying more polish because it effectively removes any excess polish or smudges on the nails. It contains solvents that dissolve the polish, allowing for a clean and even surface to reapply the polish. Alcohol, cuticle oil, and primer do not have the same solvent properties as polish remover, making them less effective in correcting a smudge.
8.
What is the BEST service to treat dry, split cuticles?
Correct Answer
B. Hot oil manicure
Explanation
A hot oil manicure is the best service to treat dry, split cuticles. This treatment involves soaking the nails in warm oil, which helps to moisturize and nourish the cuticles, making them softer and less prone to splitting. The heat from the oil also improves blood circulation in the nail bed, promoting healthy nail growth. Additionally, the hot oil helps to strengthen the nails and prevent breakage. Overall, a hot oil manicure is an effective solution for treating dry, split cuticles and improving the overall health and appearance of the nails.
9.
What is the purpose of a paper wrap?
Correct Answer
D. Quick repairs on natural nails
Explanation
A paper wrap is used for quick repairs on natural nails. When a natural nail breaks or splits, a paper wrap can be applied to reinforce the nail and prevent further damage. The paper wrap provides strength and support to the nail, allowing it to grow out without breaking further. It is a temporary solution until the nail can be properly repaired or until it grows out enough to be trimmed. Paper wraps are commonly used in nail salons and by individuals who want to maintain the strength and appearance of their natural nails.
10.
The HIV virus causes which one of the following diseases?
Correct Answer
B. AIDS
Explanation
The correct answer is AIDS. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition that weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases.
11.
On which one of the following conditions can a pedicure be performed?
Correct Answer
D. Nodule
Explanation
A pedicure can be performed on a nodule. A nodule is a small, solid, rounded growth that can occur on the skin. Unlike herpes simplex, athlete's foot, and deep fissures, which are all conditions that require medical treatment, a nodule does not pose a risk or contraindication for a pedicure. Therefore, it is safe to perform a pedicure on a client with a nodule.
12.
What part of the nail is embedded underneath the skin?
Correct Answer
B. Root
Explanation
The root of the nail is the part that is embedded underneath the skin. It is located at the base of the nail and is responsible for producing new nail cells. The root is protected by the cuticle, also known as the eponychium, which is a thin layer of skin that covers the base of the nail. The bed refers to the area of skin underneath the nail plate, and the lunula is the visible, crescent-shaped white area at the base of the nail.
13.
What protein makes up the nail plate?
Correct Answer
A. Keratin
Explanation
Keratin is the protein that makes up the nail plate. Keratin is a tough and fibrous protein that is also found in hair and the outer layer of the skin. It provides strength and structure to the nails, making them hard and durable. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of the hair and skin, while collagen and elastin are proteins that are found in connective tissues and provide elasticity and support to the skin and other organs.
14.
What should be included in a client consultation?
Correct Answer
B. General health
Explanation
During a client consultation, it is important to gather information about the client's general health. This is because a client's overall health can greatly impact the services or treatments they can receive. Understanding any existing health conditions or concerns allows the professional to tailor their services accordingly, ensuring the client's safety and well-being. Additionally, certain health conditions may require special precautions or modifications during the treatment process. Therefore, including general health in a client consultation helps to provide a comprehensive understanding of the client's needs and enables the professional to deliver appropriate and personalized services.
15.
To protect the nail technician from injury, what should be used when shortening sculptured nails?
Correct Answer
A. Eye goggles
Explanation
When shortening sculptured nails, eye goggles should be used to protect the nail technician from injury. This is because sculptured nails are often made of acrylic or gel, which can produce flying debris when cut or filed. The eye goggles provide a barrier to prevent any debris from entering the technician's eyes and causing potential harm or injury.
16.
When removing artificial tips, what product would be used?
Correct Answer
B. Acetone
Explanation
Acetone is commonly used to remove artificial tips. It is a strong solvent that effectively breaks down the adhesive used to attach the tips to the natural nails. Acetone is also used to remove nail polish and other nail products. Thinner is not typically used for this purpose, as it is used to adjust the consistency of nail polish or other nail products. Primer is used as a bonding agent to help adhere nail enhancements to the natural nails, while monomer is a liquid used in acrylic nail systems.
17.
Which implement should be used when cleaning under the free edge of the natural nail?
Correct Answer
C. Cotton wrapped stick
Explanation
A cotton wrapped stick should be used when cleaning under the free edge of the natural nail. This is because a cotton wrapped stick is gentle and soft, making it safe to use on the delicate area under the nail. It can effectively remove dirt, debris, and excess product without causing any damage or discomfort to the client. Using a cotton wrapped stick ensures that the cleaning process is thorough and precise, promoting nail health and hygiene.
18.
The client has evidence of fungus under artificial nails. What protective measure should the nail technician take when removing artificial nails?
Correct Answer
C. Wear protective gloves
Explanation
When removing artificial nails with evidence of fungus, the nail technician should wear protective gloves. This is necessary to prevent direct contact with the fungus and to minimize the risk of spreading it to themselves or other clients. Wearing gloves provides a physical barrier between the technician's hands and the infected nails, ensuring their safety and maintaining proper hygiene during the removal process.
19.
Which one of the following is NOT a function of a muscle?
Correct Answer
D. Secretion
Explanation
Muscles are responsible for various functions in the body, including movement, maintaining shape, and providing support. However, secretion is not a function of muscles. Secretion refers to the release of substances, such as hormones or enzymes, by specialized cells or glands. While muscles may be involved in the movement of certain glands or organs that secrete substances, they do not directly participate in the process of secretion themselves.
20.
What should the nail technician do to the emery board after a manicure service?
Correct Answer
D. Break before discarding
Explanation
The nail technician should break the emery board before discarding it. This is because emery boards can harbor bacteria and fungus, and breaking it ensures that it cannot be reused or accidentally used on another client. Breaking the emery board is a common practice in the nail industry to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of infections.
21.
Which one of the following is a good antiseptic to use on a slight cut?
Correct Answer
D. Sodium hypochlorite
Explanation
Sodium hypochlorite is a good antiseptic to use on a slight cut because it has strong antimicrobial properties. It can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, reducing the risk of infection. Sodium hypochlorite is commonly found in household bleach and is used as a disinfectant in medical settings. It is safe to use on the skin in diluted forms, making it an appropriate choice for treating minor cuts and wounds. Acetone is a solvent and not suitable for use on cuts. Styptic pencil is used to stop bleeding from minor cuts, but it is not an antiseptic. Hydrogen peroxide can be used to clean wounds, but it may damage healthy tissue and delay healing.
22.
Han and arm massage should be avoided when
Correct Answer
A. The client has had a stroke
Explanation
When a client has had a stroke, it is important to avoid Han and arm massage. This is because massage can potentially worsen the condition or cause complications. After a stroke, the client may have weakened or paralyzed muscles, and applying pressure or manipulation to these areas can be detrimental. It is crucial to prioritize the client's safety and well-being, and seek appropriate medical advice and treatment for stroke-related concerns.
23.
A base coat is usually applied
Correct Answer
D. Before the color polish
Explanation
A base coat is typically applied before the color polish. The purpose of a base coat is to create a smooth surface on the nails, prevent staining, and help the color polish adhere better and last longer. By applying the base coat first, it allows for a more even and polished application of the color polish on top.
24.
How does the nail technician dispose of used monomer?
Correct Answer
B. Pour onto absorber material and bag
Explanation
The correct answer is to pour the used monomer onto an absorber material and then bag it. This method is used to safely dispose of the monomer, as pouring it onto an absorber material helps to prevent any potential spills or leaks. By bagging it afterwards, it ensures that the monomer is contained and can be properly disposed of without causing harm to the environment or anyone handling the waste.
25.
The extensor digitorum is a muscle of the
Correct Answer
B. Hand
Explanation
The extensor digitorum muscle is responsible for extending (straightening) the fingers and wrist. It is located in the hand and runs along the back of the forearm. This muscle allows us to open and spread our fingers, as well as extend our wrist. Therefore, the correct answer is hand.
26.
What is the function of the abductor muscles?
Correct Answer
B. Draw the fingers together
Explanation
The abductor muscles are responsible for drawing the fingers together. These muscles work in opposition to the adductor muscles, which separate the fingers. When the abductor muscles contract, they pull the fingers towards the midline of the hand, allowing them to come closer together. This action is important for tasks that require a strong grip or precision, such as holding objects or manipulating tools.
27.
How much of the nail plate should the well of the nail tip cover?
Correct Answer
D. 1/2 of the nail plate
Explanation
The well of the nail tip should cover 1/2 of the nail plate. This means that the tip should extend halfway across the natural nail, providing enough coverage for proper adhesion and support. This ensures that the nail tip blends seamlessly with the natural nail, creating a natural and aesthetically pleasing look.
28.
Which one of the following is used to correct yellow nails?
Correct Answer
C. Nail bleach
Explanation
Nail bleach is used to correct yellow nails. Yellow nails can occur due to various reasons such as smoking, excessive use of nail polish, or fungal infections. Nail bleach helps to lighten and whiten the nails, removing the yellow discoloration. It is specifically formulated to target and eliminate stains on the nails, restoring their natural color.
29.
The epidermis contains how many layers?
Correct Answer
D. 4
Explanation
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is composed of four layers: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum basale. Each layer has a specific function in protecting the body from external factors and regulating temperature and moisture. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.
30.
Which one of the following does NOT disinfect salon implements?
Correct Answer
A. UV sanitizer
Explanation
UV sanitizers do disinfect salon implements.
31.
The cuticle is the overlapping skin around the
Correct Answer
A. Nail
Explanation
The cuticle refers to the overlapping skin around the nail. It acts as a protective barrier, sealing the area between the nail plate and the surrounding skin, preventing bacteria and other harmful substances from entering. The cuticle also helps to keep the nail hydrated and healthy.
32.
When applying acrylic over bitten nails, which one of the following should NOT be done?
Correct Answer
C. Apply primer to exposed skin
Explanation
When applying acrylic over bitten nails, it is important to avoid applying primer to exposed skin. Primer is typically used to promote adhesion between the natural nail and the acrylic, but it should only be applied to the nail plate and not to the surrounding skin. Applying primer to exposed skin can cause irritation and discomfort for the client.
33.
What should the nail technician do if the nail plates are touched prior to nail tip application?
Correct Answer
A. File free edge
Explanation
If the nail plates are touched prior to nail tip application, the nail technician should file the free edge. This is because touching the nail plates can transfer oils and moisture from the technician's fingers onto the nails, which can affect the adhesion of the nail tips. Filing the free edge helps to remove any oils or moisture and creates a rough surface for better bonding of the nail tips.
34.
What is the effect of using oil on the nail and cuticle?
Correct Answer
D. Lubricates the skin and nails
Explanation
Using oil on the nail and cuticle helps to lubricate the skin and nails. This can provide moisture and hydration, preventing dryness and brittleness. It also helps to soften the cuticles, making them easier to push back and maintain. Additionally, the lubricating effect of the oil can make it easier to apply and spread nail polish evenly, resulting in a smoother and more professional-looking manicure.
35.
A client appears with a previously yellow-green spot under an artificial nail which has now turned black. What is the cause of thie problem?
Correct Answer
B. Nail mold
Explanation
The client's black spot under the artificial nail suggests the presence of nail mold. Nail mold is a common fungal infection that can cause discoloration and damage to the nail. The yellow-green spot initially indicates the presence of the infection, which has now progressed and turned black. This change in color is a clear indication of nail mold being the cause of the problem.
36.
Which one of the following is NOT a type of nail form?
Correct Answer
A. Wood
Explanation
The question asks for the type of nail form that is NOT included in the given options. The options provided are paper, metal, and plastic. Wood is not listed as one of the options, therefore it is the correct answer as the type of nail form that is not included.
37.
During the consultation for a manicure the nail technician should consider which one of the following?
Correct Answer
A. Shape of the nail
Explanation
During a manicure consultation, the nail technician should consider the shape of the nail. This is important because different nail shapes require different techniques and tools to achieve the desired result. The shape of the nail will determine how the technician files and shapes the nail, as well as how the polish or nail enhancements are applied. By considering the shape of the nail, the technician can ensure that the manicure is customized to the client's preferences and needs, resulting in a more satisfying and professional outcome.
38.
In order to smooth corrugations or wavy ridges in the nail, what would the nail technician use?
Correct Answer
D. Block buffer
Explanation
A block buffer is a tool used in nail care to smooth out the surface of the nail. It is a rectangular block with different grits on each side, allowing the technician to gradually buff away any ridges or imperfections on the nail. Unlike a metal file, which can be too harsh and abrasive, a block buffer provides a gentler and more controlled approach to achieving a smooth and even nail surface. Pumice stone and powdered alum are not typically used for this purpose, as they are more commonly used for exfoliating and cleansing the skin.
39.
All of the following are purposes of a hand and arm massage EXCEPT
Correct Answer
D. To increase nerve simulation
Explanation
A hand and arm massage has various purposes, such as keeping hands flexible, stimulating circulation, and keeping the skin smooth. However, increasing nerve stimulation is not one of the purposes. While a massage can help relax the muscles and relieve tension, it does not specifically target nerve stimulation.
40.
How should the form be placed when sculpturing nails?
Correct Answer
C. Snugly under the free edge
Explanation
When sculpturing nails, the form should be placed snugly under the free edge. This is because the form acts as a guide for creating the desired shape and length of the nail extension. Placing it snugly under the free edge ensures that the extension will be secure and properly aligned with the natural nail. By doing so, the technician can achieve a seamless and natural-looking result.
41.
For which one of the following diseases are animal parasites responsible?
Correct Answer
B. Scabies
Explanation
Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which is a type of animal parasite. The mite burrows into the skin, causing intense itching and a rash. Therefore, scabies is the disease for which animal parasites are responsible. Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus, AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, none of which are animal parasites.
42.
Which one of the following would be used to remove residue and tackiness on a light-cured gel nail/
Correct Answer
A. Alcohol
Explanation
Alcohol is the correct answer because it is commonly used in nail salons to remove residue and tackiness on light-cured gel nails. It effectively cleans the nail surface, removes any sticky residue left behind by the gel, and leaves the nails clean and smooth. Alcohol is a common ingredient in nail polish removers and is known for its ability to dissolve and remove various substances, making it an ideal choice for this purpose.
43.
Which nail color indicates poor circulation?
Correct Answer
D. Blue undertones
Explanation
Blue undertones in the nail color can indicate poor circulation. When the blood flow to the fingers or toes is restricted, it can result in a lack of oxygen and nutrients, causing the nails to appear bluish. This condition is known as cyanosis and is often a sign of underlying health issues such as heart or lung problems.
44.
What should the nail technician do BEFORE disinfection implements?
Correct Answer
B. Wash implements
Explanation
Before disinfecting implements, the nail technician should wash them. Washing the implements helps to remove any visible debris or dirt from the surface. This step is important as it ensures that the disinfection process is more effective. By washing the implements first, any organic matter or contaminants are removed, allowing the disinfectant to work properly.
45.
Which one of the following is MOST likely to create an environment for mold growth under artificial nails?
Correct Answer
D. Trapped moisture
Explanation
Trapped moisture is the most likely factor to create an environment for mold growth under artificial nails. Moisture that is unable to escape can create a damp and humid environment, which is ideal for mold to thrive. Excessive oils, hand creams, and paraffin baths may contribute to moisture, but it is the trapped moisture itself that is the main culprit.
46.
Before manicuring implements are used, they should be
Correct Answer
C. Cleaned and disinfected
Explanation
Manicuring implements, such as nail clippers, cuticle pushers, and nail files, come into contact with the skin and nails, making them susceptible to bacteria and infection. Therefore, it is important to clean and disinfect these tools before use to ensure that they are free from any harmful bacteria or germs. Wiping with a towel or cotton may remove some visible dirt or debris, but it may not effectively eliminate all bacteria. Dipping in hot water alone may not be sufficient to kill all the bacteria present. Therefore, the best practice is to clean and disinfect the implements to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of infections.
47.
Which one of the following is required for sculpting an acrylic nail?
Correct Answer
C. Form
Explanation
A form is required for sculpting an acrylic nail. A form is a template that is placed under the natural nail to provide support and shape for the acrylic extension. It helps create a customized nail shape and length based on the client's preferences. By applying the acrylic product onto the form, the nail technician can sculpt and shape the acrylic nail to achieve the desired look. The form acts as a guide and allows for a precise and controlled application of the acrylic product.
48.
Which procedure chemically or physically reduces microbes to safe level?
Correct Answer
B. Sanitizing
Explanation
Sanitizing is the procedure that chemically or physically reduces microbes to a safe level. It involves using chemicals or heat to kill or remove harmful microorganisms from surfaces, objects, or substances. This process helps to prevent the spread of infections and diseases by eliminating or reducing the number of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Filing, emulsifying, and sterilizing do not specifically target the reduction of microbes to a safe level, making sanitizing the correct answer.
49.
The manicurist accidentally cuts the client's cuticle. What type of disinfectant must be used on the implements?
Correct Answer
C. Tuberculocidal
Explanation
Tuberculocidal disinfectants are specifically designed to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which are highly resistant and difficult to eliminate. Since the manicurist accidentally cut the client's cuticle, there is a risk of exposure to blood and potential transmission of infectious diseases. Therefore, using a tuberculocidal disinfectant on the implements is necessary to ensure proper sterilization and prevent the spread of pathogens.
50.
The arm massage technique in which a kneading movement is used is called
Correct Answer
A. Petrissage
Explanation
Petrissage is the arm massage technique that involves a kneading movement. This technique is characterized by squeezing, rolling, and kneading the muscles with the hands and fingers. It helps to increase blood circulation, relax the muscles, and relieve tension. Petrissage is commonly used in Swedish massage and is effective in reducing muscle stiffness and promoting relaxation. Percussion, effleurage, and friction are other massage techniques that involve different movements and serve different purposes.