1.
Word root for stomach:
Correct Answer
D. Gastr
Explanation
The word root for stomach is "gastr". This can be seen in words like "gastric" which means relating to the stomach. The other options "gastro" and "stomat" also have a connection to the stomach, but "gastr" is the most direct and specific root for stomach.
2.
Suffix for incision:
Correct Answer
C. Otomy
Explanation
The suffix "otomy" is the correct answer because it refers to a surgical incision or cutting into a specific part of the body. This is commonly used in medical terminology to describe various surgical procedures. The other options "ex", "de", and "ectomy" do not specifically relate to incisions or cutting procedures.
3.
Prefix for above or more than normal:
Correct Answer
D. Hyper
Explanation
The prefix "hyper-" means above or more than normal. In medical terminology, it is often used to indicate excessive or increased activity or condition. Therefore, in the context of the given options, "hyper-" is the correct prefix that best fits the meaning of "above or more than normal."
4.
Adjective for heart:
Correct Answer
A. Cardiac
Explanation
The correct answer is "cardiac" because it is an adjective that specifically relates to the heart. It is derived from the Latin word "cardiacus," meaning "pertaining to the heart." This term is commonly used in medical contexts to describe conditions, diseases, or procedures related to the heart. Therefore, "cardiac" is the most appropriate adjective for the word "heart."
5.
What does the medical prefix "hemi-" typically denote in terminology?
Correct Answer
B. Half or partly
Explanation
The medical prefix "hemi-" is used to indicate "half" or "partly" in terminology. For example, "hemiplegia" refers to paralysis affecting one side of the body, and "hemisphere" refers to half of a spherical structure, such as the brain being divided into two hemispheres.
6.
Prefix for below or less than normal:
Correct Answer
B. Hypo
Explanation
The prefix "hypo-" means below or less than normal. It is used to indicate a deficiency or a lower level of something. In this context, "hypo-" is the correct prefix to convey the meaning of below or less than normal. The other options, "hyper-", "ology", and "en", do not convey the same meaning and are not appropriate in this context.
7.
Suffix for disease condition:
Correct Answer
A. Pathy
Explanation
The suffix "pathy" is commonly used in medical terminology to denote a disease or abnormal condition. It is derived from the Greek word "pathos," meaning suffering or disease. Therefore, "pathy" is the correct suffix for disease conditions.
8.
Combining form for cancer:
Correct Answer
C. Carcino
Explanation
The combining form "carcino" is used to refer to cancer. It is derived from the Greek word "karkinos" which means crab, and it was named so because the spreading veins around a tumor resemble the legs of a crab. Therefore, the term "carcino" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate cancerous conditions or tumors.
9.
Word room for brain:
Correct Answer
C. EncepHal
Explanation
The given options are all related to the brain. "Myel" refers to the spinal cord, "cephal" refers to the head, "encephal" refers to the brain, and "crani" refers to the skull. Among these options, "encephal" is the most directly related to the brain itself. Therefore, the correct answer is "encephal".
10.
Combining form for brain:
Correct Answer
B. EncepHalo
Explanation
The combining form "encephalo" refers to the brain. It is derived from the Greek word "enkephalos" which means "inside the head". This combining form is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures related to the brain. For example, "encephalitis" refers to inflammation of the brain, and "encephalography" refers to the imaging of the brain using radiographic techniques.
11.
Word root for bone:
Correct Answer
C. Oste
Explanation
The word root "oste" is the correct answer because it directly relates to bone. It is derived from the Greek word "osteon," which means bone. This root is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to bones or bone-related structures.
12.
Combing form for joint:
Correct Answer
D. Arthro
Explanation
The correct answer is "arthro". This is the correct combing form for joint. The other options, "arther", "artero", and "arthero", do not accurately represent the combing form for joint. "Arthro" is derived from the Greek word "arthron" which means joint, making it the appropriate choice.
13.
Combining form for tendon:
Correct Answer
B. Teno
Explanation
The combining form "teno" is the correct answer because it specifically refers to tendons. In medical terminology, "teno-" is used to indicate a relationship or involvement with tendons. For example, "tendonitis" refers to inflammation of a tendon. Therefore, "teno" is the appropriate combining form for tendon.
14.
Word root for rib:
Correct Answer
C. Cost
Explanation
The word root "cost" is the correct answer because it directly relates to the term "rib". In medical terminology, "cost" refers to ribs. Therefore, it is the most appropriate word root for the given question.
15.
Prefix for above:
Correct Answer
C. Supra
Explanation
The prefix "supra" means above or beyond. In this context, it suggests that the given word is a prefix that is used to indicate something that is located or positioned above or beyond something else.
16.
What does the medical prefix "poly-" typically indicate in terms of quantity or condition?
Correct Answer
B. Many or excessive
Explanation
"Mono-" typically means one or single. "Poly-" in medical terminology indicates many or excessive. For example, "polydipsia" refers to excessive thirst. "A-" or "An-" often denotes none or without, as in "anemia" (lack of blood). "Algia" or "Algesia" is used to refer to pain or discomfort, as in "neuralgia" (nerve pain).
17.
Word root for vessel:
Correct Answer
C. Angi
Explanation
The word root "angi" pertains to vessels or ducts in the body. It is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. For example, "angiogram" refers to a medical imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels.
18.
Suffix for destruction:
Correct Answer
C. Lysis
Explanation
The suffix "lysis" is the correct answer because it refers to the process of breaking down or destroying something. In medical terminology, it is commonly used to describe the destruction or dissolution of cells or tissues. Therefore, "lysis" is the appropriate suffix for the term "destruction."
19.
Word root for blood clot:
Correct Answer
A. Thromb
Explanation
The word root "thromb" is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a blood clot. The other options, "hem," "hemat," and "embolism," do not directly relate to blood clots.
20.
Plural form for sperm:
Correct Answer
D. Spermatozoa
Explanation
The correct answer is "spermatozoa." This is the plural form of "spermatozoon," which refers to a mature male reproductive cell capable of fertilizing an egg. The suffix "-zoa" is commonly used in biology to indicate a plural form, so "spermatozoa" is the appropriate plural form for sperm.
21.
Suffix for prolapse:
Correct Answer
A. Ptosis
Explanation
The suffix "ptosis" refers to the downward displacement or drooping of an organ or body part. In the context of prolapse, which is the abnormal descent or displacement of an organ, the suffix "ptosis" is the most appropriate choice. This suffix accurately describes the condition of prolapse and is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate this specific medical condition.
22.
Suffix for discharge or flow:
Correct Answer
A. Rrhea
Explanation
The suffix "rrhea" is the correct answer because it is commonly used to indicate a discharge or flow of a substance. This suffix is frequently seen in medical terms such as diarrhea (excessive flow of stool) and pyorrhea (discharge of pus). Therefore, "rrhea" is the appropriate suffix for indicating a discharge or flow.
23.
Suffix for dilatation or stretching:
Correct Answer
D. Ectasia
Explanation
The suffix "ectasia" is the correct answer because it means "dilation" or "stretching." This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology to describe the abnormal enlargement or dilation of a tubular structure in the body. Examples of medical conditions that use this suffix include bronchiectasis (dilation of the bronchial tubes) and arteriectasia (dilation of an artery). Therefore, "ectasia" is the most appropriate suffix for the given term "dilatation or stretching."
24.
Prefix for below:
Correct Answer
C. Sub
Explanation
The prefix "sub-" means under or below. It is commonly used to indicate a lower or lesser position, degree, or quality. In this context, "sub" could be used as a prefix for words like subpar (below average), submarine (underwater), or subterranean (underground). It is important to note that the given question is incomplete and lacks a clear context, but based on the provided options, "sub" seems to be the most appropriate prefix.
25.
Suffix for paralysis:
Correct Answer
C. Plegia
Explanation
The suffix "plegia" is the correct answer because it refers to paralysis. This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a complete or partial paralysis of a body part or muscle group. Examples include hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) and quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs).
26.
Prefix for difficult or painful:
Correct Answer
D. Dys
Explanation
The prefix "dys" is used to indicate difficulty or pain. It is commonly used in medical terms to describe conditions or symptoms that are abnormal or problematic. In this context, "dys" would be the appropriate prefix to use to indicate something that is difficult or painful.
27.
Suffix for most x-ray procedures:
Correct Answer
A. GrapHy
Explanation
The correct answer is "graphy" because it is a common suffix used in medical terminology to refer to the process of taking x-ray images. For example, words like radiography and mammography are commonly used to describe specific types of x-ray procedures. The suffix "graphy" is derived from the Greek word "graphia" which means "writing" or "recording," indicating the act of capturing and documenting x-ray images.
28.
Prefix for without:
Correct Answer
D. An
Explanation
The given options are prefixes for the word "without". Among the options, "an" is the correct prefix for "without". This is because "an" is a negative prefix that means "not" or "without". For example, "anarchy" means "without government" and "anemia" means "without blood". Therefore, "an" is the appropriate prefix for "without".
29.
Word root for oversensitivity to pain:
Correct Answer
A. Alges
Explanation
The word root "alges" is the correct answer because it refers to pain. "Analgia" refers to the absence of pain, "esthesia" refers to sensation or feeling, and "algia" refers to pain. Therefore, "alges" is the root that specifically relates to oversensitivity to pain.
30.
Prefix for abnormal, near or beyond:
Correct Answer
B. Para
Explanation
The prefix "para" is the correct answer because it means "beyond" or "near" in this context. The other options do not accurately convey the meaning of "abnormal, near, or beyond". "Meta" means "beyond" in a different sense, "ultra" means "beyond" in terms of excess or extreme, and "ab" is not a recognized prefix in this context. Therefore, "para" is the most suitable choice.
31.
Combining form for heat:
Correct Answer
C. Thermo
Explanation
The combining form "thermo" is the correct answer because it is commonly used to refer to heat. It is derived from the Greek word "thermos," which means hot or warm. This combining form is often used in scientific and technical terms related to heat, such as "thermometer" and "thermostat." Therefore, "thermo" is the most appropriate choice for a combining form related to heat.
32.
Word root for small:
Correct Answer
C. Micro
Explanation
The word root "micro" refers to something small. It is commonly used in words like microscope, microorganism, and microwave, indicating a small size or scale. Therefore, "micro" is the correct word root for small.
33.
Prefix for enlarged:
Correct Answer
B. Megalo
Explanation
The correct answer is "megalo" because it is a prefix that means "large" or "enlarged." This is evident from the other options: "macro" also means "large," but it is typically used in reference to something on a larger scale, such as a macroeconomics. "Micro" means "small," and "poly" means "many" or "multiple." Therefore, "megalo" is the most appropriate prefix for the word "enlarged."
34.
Prefix for join together:
Correct Answer
C. Syn
Explanation
The correct answer is "syn" because it is a prefix that means "together" or "with." It is commonly used to indicate a union or combination of different elements or parts. In the context of the given options, "syn" is the only prefix that fits the theme of joining or bringing things together. "Inter" means "between," "intra" means "within," and "osis" is a suffix, not a prefix. Therefore, "syn" is the most appropriate choice for a prefix that signifies joining together.
35.
Word root for front:
Correct Answer
A. Frontal
Explanation
The word root "front" in "frontal" pertains to the front portion of something. In anatomy, "frontal" refers to structures located in the front of the body or towards the front of an organ. It is commonly used to describe the frontal lobe of the brain or the frontal sinus in the skull.
36.
Combining form for back:
Correct Answer
D. Postero
Explanation
The combining form "postero" is the correct answer because it means "back" or "behind." The other options, "posto," "posterio," and "ventr," do not have the same meaning related to the back. Therefore, "postero" is the most appropriate choice for a combining form that refers to the back.
37.
Adjectival form for side:
Correct Answer
C. Lateral
Explanation
The adjectival form for "side" is "lateral." This term refers to something situated or positioned on the side. It is the correct answer because the other options, "anterial," "doresal," and "laterial," are not valid adjectival forms for "side."
38.
Prefex for false:
Correct Answer
C. Pseudo
Explanation
The correct answer is "pseudo." The given question asks for a prefix for the word "false." Among the options provided, "pseudo" is the only prefix that means "false" or "not genuine." It is commonly used to describe something that is deceptive or pretending to be something it is not.
39.
The picture record of sound reflected through the heart:
Correct Answer
D. Echocardiogram
Explanation
An echocardiogram is a picture record of sound reflected through the heart. It is a medical test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart. This non-invasive procedure allows doctors to assess the structure and function of the heart, including the valves, chambers, and blood flow. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, such as heart valve problems, heart muscle abnormalities, and congenital heart defects. The term "echocardiogram" combines "echo" (reflected sound waves) and "cardiogram" (a record of the heart's electrical activity), accurately describing the purpose and process of the test.
40.
Paralysis of the extremities:
Correct Answer
C. Acroparalysis
Explanation
Acroparalysis refers to paralysis of the extremities, specifically the hands and feet. This condition can be caused by various factors such as nerve damage, spinal cord injury, or certain diseases. Cyanoderma refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, sonography is a medical imaging technique, and echocardiogram is a diagnostic test for assessing heart function. While these conditions may have their own symptoms, they are not directly related to paralysis of the extremities. Therefore, acroparalysis is the most appropriate answer in this context.
41.
Blueness of the skin
Correct Answer
A. Cyanoderma
Explanation
Cyanoderma refers to the blueness of the skin, which is caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. It is a condition that can be observed visually and is often associated with respiratory or circulatory problems. Sonography and echocardiogram are medical imaging techniques used to visualize internal organs and structures, while acroparalysis is not a recognized medical term. Therefore, cyanoderma is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the given symptom.
42.
The process of obtaining an image from reflected sound:
Correct Answer
B. SonograpHy
Explanation
Sonography is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create an image of the inside of the body. It involves sending high-frequency sound waves into the body and then recording the echoes that bounce back. These echoes are then converted into an image that can be used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. Therefore, sonography is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of obtaining an image from reflected sound.
43.
Red blood cell:
Correct Answer
B. Erythrocyte
Explanation
Red blood cell" is often referred to as "Erythrocyte" in medical terminologies. These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen, giving the cells their characteristic red color.
44.
Overenlarged opinion of self
Correct Answer
D. Megalomania
Explanation
Megalomania refers to an overenlarged opinion of oneself, often accompanied by delusions of grandeur and a desire for power and control. It is a psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and an obsession with one's own abilities and achievements. This term is unrelated to the other options provided, which are medical conditions. Dermatitis refers to inflammation of the skin, erythrocyte refers to red blood cells, and thrombocytopenia refers to a low platelet count.
45.
Inflammation of the skin:
Correct Answer
A. Dermatitis
Explanation
Dermatitis refers to the inflammation of the skin. It is a common condition that can be caused by various factors such as allergies, irritants, or genetic predisposition. Symptoms of dermatitis include redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes blistering or oozing of the affected skin. Treatment options include avoiding triggers, using topical corticosteroids or antihistamines, and practicing good skincare habits.
46.
Decrease in the number of platelets:
Correct Answer
C. Thrombocytopenia
Explanation
Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and a decrease in their number can lead to difficulties in clotting and an increased risk of bleeding. Dermatitis is a skin condition, erythrocytes are red blood cells, and megalomania is a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur. None of these conditions directly relate to a decrease in platelets. Therefore, the correct answer is thrombocytopenia.
47.
Instrument for recording brain function:
Correct Answer
C. ElectroencepHalagrapH
Explanation
The correct answer is "electroencephalagraph." An electroencephalagraph is an instrument used to record the electrical activity of the brain. It measures the voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. This tool is commonly used in clinical and research settings to diagnose and monitor various brain disorders, such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries.
48.
Fatty Tumor:
Correct Answer
B. Lipoma
Explanation
A fatty tumor, also known as a lipoma, is a benign tumor made up of fat cells. It is a slow-growing mass that is usually painless and soft to the touch. Lipomas can occur anywhere in the body where there are fat cells, but they are most commonly found on the neck, shoulders, back, and arms. They are generally harmless and do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or affect the appearance. Unlike a sarcoma, which is a malignant tumor, a lipoma does not spread to other parts of the body and is not cancerous.
49.
Inflammation of the meninges:
Correct Answer
E. Meningitis
Explanation
Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This condition is usually caused by an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection. It can lead to symptoms such as headache, fever, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and potential long-term effects.
50.
Brain and spinal cord (adjective):
Correct Answer
D. Cerebrospinal
Explanation
The given list consists of medical terms related to the brain and spinal cord. "Cerebrospinal" is the only term that specifically refers to the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. Sarcoma and lipoma are types of tumors, electroencephalagraph is a misspelled term (it should be electroencephalogram, which is a test that measures brain activity), and meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, "cerebrospinal" is the correct answer as it is the only term directly related to the brain and spinal cord.