Basic Medical Term Quiz

Explanation
Lepromatous leprosy is the most severe extensive form of leprosy. It is characterized by numerous skin lesions that are symmetrical and widely spread throughout the body. This form of leprosy is caused by a high bacterial load and a weak immune response, leading to the destruction of skin, nerves, and other tissues. Lepromatous leprosy is highly contagious and can result in disfigurement and disability if left untreated. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics to kill the bacteria and manage the symptoms.

Explanation
Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat infections caused by certain types of bacteria and parasites. However, it is not effective against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it requires specific antibiotics, such as isoniazid and rifampin, for effective treatment. Metronidazole is not effective against tuberculosis because it targets different types of bacteria and parasites.

Explanation
Group D Streptococcus refers to Enterococcus. Enterococcus is a type of bacteria that belongs to the group D of the Streptococcus genus. It is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Enterococcus can cause various infections, including urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and endocarditis. It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics, making it a significant concern in healthcare settings.

Explanation
Carbon dioxide is required for the primary isolation of N. gonorrhea. This is because N. gonorrhea is a fastidious bacterium that requires specific growth conditions for isolation. The presence of carbon dioxide helps create an optimal environment for the growth of N. gonorrhea by maintaining the pH and providing essential nutrients. Without carbon dioxide, the isolation of N. gonorrhea may be difficult or unsuccessful.

Explanation
Corynebacterium is a Gram-positive organism because it retains the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which allows them to retain the violet stain. Shigella, Neisseria, and Treponema are Gram-negative organisms, as they do not retain the violet stain and instead take on the counterstain (safranin) during Gram staining.