Cancer And Oncology | NCLEX Quiz 138
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All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.
- 1.
Giving instructions for breast self-examination is particularly important for clients with which of the following medical problems?
- A.
Cervical dysplasia
- B.
A dermoid cyst
- C.
Endometrial polyps
- D.
Ovarian cancer
Correct Answer
D. Ovarian cancerExplanation
Clients with ovarian cancer are at increased risk for breast cancer. Breast self-examination supports early detection and treatment and is very important.Rate this question:
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- 2.
During a routine physical examination. a firm mass is palpated in the right breast of a 35-year-old woman. Which of the following findings or client history would suggest cancer of the breast as opposed to fibrocystic disease?
- A.
History of early menarche
- B.
Cyclic changes in mass size
- C.
History of anovulatory cycles
- D.
Increased vascularity of the breast
Correct Answer
D. Increased vascularity of the breastExplanation
Increase in breast size or vascularity is consistent with cancer of the breast. Early menarche as well as late menopause or a history of anovulatory cycles are associated with fibrocystic disease. Masses associated with fibrocystic disease of the breast are firm. most often located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. and increase in size prior to menstruation. They may be bilateral in a mirror image and are typically well demarcated and freely moveable.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The client with which of the following types of lung cancer has the best prognosis?
- A.
Adenocarcinoma
- B.
Oat cell
- C.
Squamous cell
- D.
Small cell
Correct Answer
C. Squamous cellExplanation
Squamous cell carcinoma is a slow-growing. rarely metastasizing type of cancer. Adenocarcinoma is the next best lung cancer to have in terms of prognosis. Oat cell and small cell carcinoma are the same. Small cell carcinoma grows rapidly and is quick to metastasize.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Warning signs and symptoms of lung cancer include persistent cough. bloody sputum. dyspnea. and which of the other following symptoms?
- A.
Dizziness
- B.
Generalized weakness
- C.
Hypotension
- D.
Recurrent pleural effusion
Correct Answer
D. Recurrent pleural effusionExplanation
Recurring episodes of pleural effusions can be caused by the tumor and should be investigated. Dizziness. generalized weakness. and hypotension aren’t typically considered warning signals. but may occur in advanced stages of cancer.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A centrally located tumor would produce which of the following symptoms?
- A.
Coughing
- B.
Hemoptysis
- C.
Pleuritic pain
- D.
Shoulder pain
Correct Answer
A. CoughingExplanation
Centrally located pulmonary tumors are found in the upper airway (vocal cords) and usually obstruct airflow. producing such symptoms as coughing. wheezing. and stridor. Small cell tumors tend to be located in the lower airways and often cause hemoptysis. As the tumor invades the pleural space. it may cause pleuritic pain. Pancoast tumors that occur in the apices may cause shoulder pain.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following interventions is the key to increasing the survival rates of clients with lung cancer?
- A.
Early bronchoscopy
- B.
Early detection
- C.
High-dose chemotherapy
- D.
Smoking cessation
Correct Answer
B. Early detectionExplanation
Early detection of cancer when the cells may be premalignant and potentially curable would be most beneficial. However. a tumor must be 1 cm in diameter before it’s detectable on a chest x-ray. so this is difficult. A bronchoscopy may help identify cell type but may not increase survival rate. High-dose chemotherapy has minimal effect on long-term survival. Smoking cessation won’t reverse the process but may help prevent further decompensation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A client has been diagnosed with lung cancer and requires a wedge resection. How much of the lung is removed?
- A.
One entire lung
- B.
A lobe of the lung
- C.
A small. localized area near the surface of the lung.
- D.
A segment of the lung. including a bronchiole and its alveoli.
Correct Answer
C. A small. localized area near the surface of the lung.Explanation
A small area of tissue close to the surface of the lung is removed in a wedge resection. An entire lung is removed in a pneumonectomy. A segment of the lung is removed in a segmental resection and a lobe is removed in a lobectomy.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When a client has a lobectomy. what fills the space where the lobe was?
- A.
The space stays empty.
- B.
The surgeon fills the space with gel
- C.
The lung space fills up with serous fluid
- D.
The remaining lobe or lobes overexpand to fill the space.
Correct Answer
D. The remaining lobe or lobes overexpand to fill the space.Explanation
The remaining lobe or lobes overexpand slightly to fill the space previously occupied by the removed tissue. The diaphragm is carried higher on the operative side to further reduce the empty space. The space can’t remain “empty” because truly empty would imply a vacuum. which would interfere with the intrathoracic pressure changes that allow breathing. The surgeon doesn’t use a gel to fill the space. Serous fluid overproduction would compress the remaining lobes. diminish their function and possibly. cause a mediastinal shift.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is the primary goal for surgical resection of lung cancer?
- A.
To remove the tumor and all surrounding tissue.
- B.
To remove the tumor and as little surrounding tissue as possible.
- C.
To remove all of the tumor and any collapsed alveoli in the same region.
- D.
To remove as much as the tumor as possible. without removing any alveoli.
Correct Answer
B. To remove the tumor and as little surrounding tissue as possible.Explanation
The goal of surgical resection is to remove the lung tissue that has a tumor in it while saving as much surrounding tissue as possible. It may be necessary to remove alveoli and bronchioles. but care is taken to make sure only what’s absolutely necessary is removed.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If the client with lung cancer also has preexisting pulmonary disease. which of the following statements best describes how the extent of that can be performed?
- A.
It doesn’t affect it.
- B.
It may require a whole lung to be removed.
- C.
The entire tumor may not be able to be removed
- D.
It may prevent surgery if the client can’t tolerate lung tissue removal.
Correct Answer
D. It may prevent surgery if the client can’t tolerate lung tissue removal.Explanation
If the client’s preexisting pulmonary disease is restrictive and advanced. it may be impossible to remove the tumor. and the client may have to be treated with on;t chemotherapy and radiation.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Oct 13, 2017Quiz Created by
Santepro
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