1.
Which of the following is not one of the required word properties?
Correct Answer
B. Having a written form
Explanation
The property of "having a written form" is not a required property of a word. Words primarily need to convey meaning and have speech sounds (in spoken languages) to function as words. Many languages and words exist and are fully functional without a formal written system, relying solely on oral tradition and spoken communication. Thus, having a written form is not essential for a word to fulfill its role in language.
2.
What is morphology?
Correct Answer
C. The study of the rules governing word formation
Explanation
Morphology is the study of the rules that govern word formation. It focuses on the structure and formation of words, including the analysis of prefixes, suffixes, and other morphemes. This field of linguistics examines how words are created and how they can be modified to convey different meanings. By studying morphology, linguists can better understand the building blocks of language and how words are formed in different languages.
3.
Which is not an example of an "allomorph"?
Correct Answer
C. Some derivational morpHemes in English (-ment, ly, -able)
Explanation
Because these derivational morphemes change the part of speech of a word (for example, “-ment” changes word from a verb to a noun) and they all have different meanings, they are not allomorphs. Allomorphs are different representations of the same morpheme that all change the meaning of the word in the same way, such as making the word plural or negative. They do not change the part of speech of a word.
4.
What is a morpheme?
Correct Answer
C. The smallest meaningful unit of a word
Explanation
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a word. It is a combination of sounds that has a specific meaning in a language. For example, in the word "cats," there are two morphemes: "cat," which refers to the animal, and "s," which indicates plurality. Each morpheme carries its own meaning and cannot be further divided into smaller meaningful units. Therefore, the correct answer is "The smallest meaningful unit of a word."
5.
How many morphemes does the word "antiestablishment" have?
Correct Answer
A. 3
Explanation
The word "antiestablishment" has three morphemes: "anti," "establish," and "ment." The prefix "anti" means against, "establish" is the root word, and the suffix "ment" is added to form a noun. Each of these morphemes carries its own meaning and contributes to the overall meaning of the word.
6.
What is the main difference between free and bound morphemes?
Correct Answer
C. Free morpHemes can stand alone, but bound morpHemes have to be attached to a base morpHeme/root.
Explanation
Free morphemes can stand alone and have meaning on their own, while bound morphemes cannot stand alone and must be attached to a base morpheme or root to convey meaning. This is the main difference between free and bound morphemes.
7.
The closed class is the functional category of words that are not derivable.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The closed class refers to functional categories, such as prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns, that cannot be derived from other words. These categories are considered closed because they have a limited number of members and do not easily admit new words. Therefore, the statement that the closed class is the functional category of words that are not derivable is true.
8.
Which is not an example of derivational morphemes?
Correct Answer
A. Walk --> walked
Explanation
The given examples show various derivational morphemes that change the meaning or part of speech of the base word. In the case of "walk --> walked," the suffix "-ed" is added to form the past tense of the verb "walk." The meaning of the word does not change, nor does the part of speech.
9.
Which choice shows an example of an inflectional morpheme?
Correct Answer
C. Regret --> regrets
Explanation
The example "regret --> regrets" shows an inflectional morpheme because the addition of the "-s" at the end of "regret" indicates the plural form of the word. Inflectional morphemes are used to express grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or possession, without changing the core meaning or part of speech of the word. In this case, the addition of "-s" indicates that the word "regret" is being pluralized, but the meaning and part of speech are not changing.
10.
Which choice describes the basic properties of derivational morphemes?
Correct Answer
A. Derivational morpHemes are affixes that can change the meaning or parts of speech of words.
Explanation
The correct answer is that derivational morphemes are affixes that can change the meaning or parts of speech of words. This means that when a derivational morpheme is added to a word, it can alter its meaning or change it into a different part of speech. For example, adding the derivational morpheme "-er" to the verb"teach" creates the word"teacher," which is a noun that means “a person who performs the action of teaching.”
11.
Which is an example of using affixation to form new words?
Correct Answer
A. Disappear
Explanation
The word "disappear" is an example of using affixation to form new words. In this case, the prefix "dis-" is added to the base word "appear" to create a new word with a different meaning. The prefix "dis-" indicates negation or reversal, so "disappear" means to cease to be visible or to vanish. This process of adding a prefix to a base word to create a new word is a common way of forming words in the English language.
12.
______________ is a word formation process in which you put existing words together to create new words.
Correct Answer
A. Compounding
Explanation
Compounding is a word formation process where existing words are combined to create new words. This process involves putting together two or more words to form a new word with a different meaning. For example, the words "sun" and "flower" can be compounded to create the word "sunflower." This process is commonly used in English to create new words and expand the vocabulary of the language.
13.
Derivation rules can be applied only once to a stem to produce new lexical items (e.g. friend --> friendly).
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Derivation rules can be applied multiple times to a stem to produce new lexical items. For example, from the stem "friend," we can apply the derivation rule "-ly" to create the word "friendly," and then apply another derivation rule "-ness" to create the word "friendliness." Therefore, the statement that derivation rules can only be applied once to a stem is false.
14.
Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme in English?
Correct Answer
A. Tall --> taller
Explanation
An inflectional morpheme is a morpheme that does not change the grammatical category or meaning of a word, but rather indicates a grammatical feature such as tense, number, or comparison. In this case, the inflectional morpheme "-er" is added to the adjective "tall" to indicate the comparative form "taller". This does not change the word's meaning or category, but rather indicates a comparison between two things.
15.
Which choice shows the correct representation of the hierarchical structure of words?
Correct Answer
A.