Trematodes
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Opisthorchis adults invade the lungs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Opisthorchis adults invade the biliary ducts of the liver where they reproduce and pass embryonated eggs. Humans are infected by eating fish with metacercariae.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Opisthorchis viverine is found in Thailand.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
True. It has thought to contribute to the high rates of cholangiocarcinoma there.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Viable control methods for Opisthorchis include: Select 2.
- A.
Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly.
- B.
Pickling, smoking or salting fish.
- C.
Not using night soil in ponds.
- D.
Molluscide
Correct Answer(s)
A. Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly.
C. Not using night soil in ponds.Explanation
Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly is a viable control method for Opisthorchis because it helps to kill or inactivate the parasite present in the fish. Opisthorchis is a type of parasitic flatworm that can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. Freezing the fish below -20 degrees Celsius for a certain period of time or cooking it thoroughly at high temperatures can effectively eliminate the parasite and prevent infection. Not using night soil in ponds is also a viable control method as night soil, which is human feces used as fertilizer, can contaminate water bodies and contribute to the spread of Opisthorchis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Praziquantel and albendazole are used to treat Opisthorchis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Praziquantel and albendazole are both antiparasitic drugs commonly used to treat various parasitic infections, including Opisthorchis. Opisthorchis is a genus of parasitic flatworms that can infect the liver and bile ducts of humans and animals. Praziquantel and albendazole work by killing the parasites, thereby effectively treating the infection. Therefore, the statement "Praziquantel and albendazole are used to treat Opisthorchis" is true.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Paragonimus adults lay their eggs where:
- A.
Small Intestine wall
- B.
Liver
- C.
Cystic lung cavities
- D.
Large intestine
Correct Answer
C. Cystic lung cavitiesExplanation
Paragonimus adults lay their eggs in cystic lung cavities. The cystic lung cavities provide a suitable environment for the eggs to develop and eventually be released into the host's respiratory system. This is a characteristic behavior of Paragonimus, a type of lung fluke that infects mammals, including humans. By laying their eggs in the cystic lung cavities, the parasites ensure the survival and transmission of their offspring.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A chest xray of what trematode infection often resembles TB?
- A.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- B.
Hymenolepis
- C.
Paragonimus
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
C. ParagonimusExplanation
A chest x-ray of Paragonimus infection often resembles TB because both conditions can cause similar lung abnormalities, such as consolidation, cavitation, and nodules. Paragonimus is a lung fluke that can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. It can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and fever. TB, on the other hand, is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. Both infections can lead to similar radiographic findings on a chest x-ray, making it difficult to differentiate between the two based on imaging alone.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Paragonimus infection is usually treated with:
- A.
Praziquantel
- B.
Suramin
- C.
Nitazoxanide
- D.
Albendazole
Correct Answer
A. PraziquantelExplanation
Praziquantel is the correct answer for the treatment of Paragonimus infection. Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication that is effective against a wide range of parasitic infections, including Paragonimus. It works by causing muscle paralysis in the worms, leading to their death and subsequent elimination from the body. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for Paragonimus infection due to its high efficacy and safety profile. It is usually administered in multiple doses over a period of several days to ensure complete eradication of the parasite.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Paragonimus eggs embryonate in the intestine of the host.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
They embryonate in water.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of these are paragonimus reservoirs?
- A.
Mice and rats
- B.
Cats and dogs
- C.
Crayfish
- D.
Bears
Correct Answer
B. Cats and dogsExplanation
Paragonimus is a type of lung fluke that can cause a parasitic infection in humans. The question is asking which animals serve as reservoirs for Paragonimus. A reservoir is a host in which the parasite can live and reproduce, potentially infecting other animals or humans. Cats and dogs can serve as reservoirs for Paragonimus, meaning they can carry the parasite and transmit it to other animals or humans. Mice and rats, crayfish, and bears are not mentioned as reservoirs for Paragonimus in the given options.Rate this question:
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- 10.
This is:
- A.
Semisulcospira
- B.
Cionella
- C.
Bulinus
- D.
Oncomelania
Correct Answer
D. OncomelaniaExplanation
Oncomelania - vector for japonicum.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What do cercariae become after they penetrate the host skin and lose their tails in Schistosomiasis infection.
- A.
Schistosomulae
- B.
Adult worms
- C.
Metacercariae
- D.
Sporocysts
Correct Answer
A. SchistosomulaeExplanation
After penetrating the host skin and losing their tails in Schistosomiasis infection, cercariae develop into schistosomulae. Schistosomulae are the next stage in the life cycle of the parasite. They are immature forms of the adult worms and continue to develop and migrate within the host's body. Eventually, they will mature into adult worms and reproduce, continuing the cycle of infection.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Schistosoma mansoni is found in South America.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
It is found in Venezuela, Brazil and Suriname as well as Africa and the Caribbean.
Haematobium is found in Africa, Middle East and a small area of North America.
Japonicum is found in Indonesia, China and SE Asia.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Ectopic eggs are more likely to be found in japonicum infection than mansoni infection.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
True, because more eggs are produced in japonicum.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of these trematodes have no water stage in their lifecycle.
- A.
Fasciola gigantica
- B.
Fasciolopsis buski
- C.
Schistosomiasis
- D.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Correct Answer
D. Dicrocoelium dendriticumExplanation
Dicrocoelium dendriticum is the correct answer because it is the only trematode listed that does not have a water stage in its lifecycle. Trematodes typically have a complex life cycle that involves both a definitive host (usually a mammal) and an intermediate host (often a snail). In the case of Dicrocoelium dendriticum, the eggs are passed in the feces of the definitive host and are ingested by a snail. The snail then releases cercariae, which are the infective stage for the definitive host. In contrast, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski, and Schistosomiasis all have a water stage in their lifecycle, where the infective stage is present in water and is able to penetrate the skin of the definitive host.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Dogs are the usual hosts of Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Ruminants are the usual hosts (as they eat the ants infected with metacercariae). Humans are accidental hosts.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The adult Dicrocoelium worms lay eggs where?
- A.
Bile ducts
- B.
Lungs
- C.
Blood
- D.
Intestine
Correct Answer
A. Bile ductsExplanation
Adult Dicrocoelium worms lay eggs in the bile ducts. The bile ducts are small tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats in the small intestine. The adult worms reside in the bile ducts and release their eggs into the bile, which are then passed out of the body in the feces.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What are the dimensions of this trematode egg.
- A.
55 microns
- B.
110 - 140 microns
- C.
80 - 90 microns
- D.
25 - 35 microns
Correct Answer
C. 80 - 90 micronsExplanation
It is an S.japonicum eggRate this question:
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- 18.
Fasciola hepatica is a rare human parasite
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
There are some cases in Bolivia and Peru but otherwise it is mainly a parasite of sheep and cattle.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is eaten to become infected with Fasciola
- A.
Fish
- B.
Watercress
- C.
Crayfish
- D.
Beef
Correct Answer
B. WatercressExplanation
The metacercariae of Fasciola encyst on watercress and other aquatic plants that is then eaten by animals.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Heterophyes heterophyes infection is found:
- A.
South, Central and North America
- B.
Europe and Africa
- C.
Asia, middle East and Africa
- D.
South America
Correct Answer
C. Asia, middle East and AfricaExplanation
Heterophyes heterophyes infection is found in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. This is because Heterophyes heterophyes is a parasitic worm that primarily infects humans in these regions. It is commonly transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, which serves as an intermediate host for the parasite. The infection can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Therefore, it is important for individuals in these regions to properly cook their fish to prevent infection.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which trematodes can be caught by eating undercooked fish or crayfish.
- A.
Heterophyes heterophyes
- B.
Fasciolopsis
- C.
Paragonimus
- D.
Opisthorchis
- E.
Fasciola
- F.
Dicrocoelium
Correct Answer(s)
A. HeteropHyes heteropHyes
C. Paragonimus
D. OpisthorchisExplanation
Eating undercooked fish or crayfish can lead to the transmission of certain trematodes. Heterophyes heterophyes, Paragonimus, and Opisthorchis are all examples of trematodes that can be caught through this route of transmission. These parasites can infect the human body when ingested in their larval or cyst form present in the undercooked seafood. Once inside the human body, they can cause various health issues and diseases. Fasciolopsis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium are other trematodes that may cause infections but are not specifically associated with eating undercooked fish or crayfish.Rate this question:
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- 22.
This egg measures 70 - 110 microns. It is Diphyllobothrium.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It is paragonimus. Bigger than Diphyllobothrium and slightly asymmetrical.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Microscopy of faeces will show eggs immediately after infection with Fasciola.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It takes 2 - 4 months for the eggs to be passed in faeces.Rate this question:
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Jan 09, 2024Quiz Edited by
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