1.
______ ______, an 18th-century Italian, is recognized as being one of the earliest people to write about criminology.
Correct Answer
C. Cesare Beccaria
Explanation
Cesare Beccaria, an 18th-century Italian, is recognized as being one of the earliest people to write about criminology. He is known for his influential work "On Crimes and Punishments" which advocated for criminal justice reform. Beccaria argued against the use of torture and capital punishment, and instead advocated for punishments that were proportionate to the crime committed. His ideas had a significant impact on the development of modern criminology and the principles of criminal justice.
2.
Criminology is the umbrella title of the scientific study of crimes and criminals.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given statement is true because criminology is indeed the umbrella title for the scientific study of crimes and criminals. It involves analyzing various aspects of criminal behavior, such as its causes, prevention, and control. Criminologists use scientific methods and theories to understand the nature of crimes, their patterns, and the individuals involved. By studying criminology, one can gain insights into the social, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to criminal behavior, ultimately aiming to develop effective strategies for crime prevention and law enforcement.
3.
DNA is the study of why certain people are victims of crime and how lifestyles affect the chances that a certain person will fall victim to a crime.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is not the study of why certain people are victims of crime and how lifestyles affect the chances of falling victim to a crime. DNA is a molecule that contains genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. It is used in forensic science to identify individuals and provide evidence in criminal investigations, but it does not directly study the reasons behind crime or victimization.
4.
______ takes place after death and results in the biological breakdown of body tissues.
Correct Answer
A. Decomposition
Explanation
Decomposition refers to the process that occurs after death where the body tissues break down biologically. This process involves the breakdown of proteins and other organic matter, leading to the eventual decay and decomposition of the body. Rigor mortis, on the other hand, is a temporary stiffening of the muscles that occurs shortly after death and is not directly related to the biological breakdown of tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is Decomposition.
5.
Forensic psychiatry is used to gauge the mental state of both the victim and the criminal.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Forensic psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that applies principles and knowledge of mental health to legal issues. It involves evaluating the mental state of individuals involved in criminal cases, including both the victims and the criminals. By assessing their mental health, forensic psychiatrists can provide valuable insights into their capacity to understand and participate in legal proceedings, their potential for violence, and their overall psychological well-being. Therefore, it is true that forensic psychiatry is used to gauge the mental state of both the victim and the criminal.
6.
Assassination or attempted assassination is the term used to describe a murder or attempted murder of someone in authority, normally for political or religious reasons.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Assassination or attempted assassination refers to the act of killing or attempting to kill someone in a position of authority, typically motivated by political or religious reasons. This means that the statement is accurate and true.
7.
Crime Passionel is carried out for personal pleasure or in anger.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Crime Passionel is not carried out for personal pleasure or in anger. It refers to a crime committed out of strong emotions, particularly love or jealousy, but not necessarily for personal pleasure or in anger. These crimes are often driven by intense emotions and can involve acts of violence or even murder, but the motivation behind them is not solely personal pleasure or anger.
8.
A Swedish pharmacist, ______, discovered that if you took arsenious oxide and altered its composition, you could then turn it into arsenious acid.
Correct Answer
B. Karl Wilhem Scheele
Explanation
Karl Wilhem Scheele, a Swedish pharmacist, discovered that by altering the composition of arsenious oxide, it could be transformed into arsenious acid.