Osteoporosis Bone Disease Quiz
The most common bone disease affected humans. . .
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following are components of bone strength?
- A.
BMD and bone quality
- B.
BMD and bone strength
- C.
Bone type and bone quality
- D.
Bone strength and Vitamin D levels
- E.
BMD and calcium levels
Correct Answer
A. BMD and bone qualityExplanation
Bone strength is determined by two main factors: bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality. BMD refers to the amount of minerals, such as calcium, present in the bone, which directly affects its strength. However, bone quality also plays a crucial role in determining bone strength. Bone quality refers to the structure and integrity of the bone, including factors such as bone architecture, microstructure, and collagen content. Both BMD and bone quality are important components of bone strength, making the answer "BMD and bone quality" correct.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Patients with vertebral fractures may experience chronic pain, height loss, _____. This can cause restrictive lung disease and involves curvature of the upper spine.
Correct Answer
KYPHOSIS
Kyphosis
kyphosisExplanation
Patients with vertebral fractures may experience chronic pain, height loss, and kyphosis. Kyphosis is a condition characterized by an excessive forward curvature of the upper spine. This can lead to a hunched posture and restricted lung function, causing restrictive lung disease.Rate this question:
- 3.
Women have accelerated bone loss surrounding menopause owing to loss of estrogen. Yet, osteoporosis can also develop from secondary causes such as:(check all that apply)
- A.
Hypogonadism
- B.
Glucocorticoid use
- C.
Skeletal cancer
- D.
Alcoholism
- E.
Eating disorders
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hypogonadism
B. Glucocorticoid use
C. Skeletal cancer
D. Alcoholism
E. Eating disordersExplanation
During menopause, women experience a decrease in estrogen levels, which can lead to accelerated bone loss. This is why osteoporosis is more common in women. However, osteoporosis can also develop from secondary causes such as hypogonadism, which is a condition where the body doesn't produce enough sex hormones; glucocorticoid use, which refers to the long-term use of corticosteroids that can weaken bones; skeletal cancer, which can cause bone destruction; alcoholism, which can interfere with bone formation and increase the risk of fractures; and eating disorders, which can lead to malnutrition and decreased bone density.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The human skeleton consists of both corticol and trabecular bone. Under normal circumstances, the skeleton undergoes a dynamic process of bone remodeling. Osteoclasts are involved with resorption. Resorption is also known as...
- A.
Bone buildup
- B.
Bone breakdown
Correct Answer
B. Bone breakdownExplanation
Under normal circumstances, the human skeleton undergoes a dynamic process of bone remodeling. Osteoclasts, which are involved with resorption, play a key role in this process. Resorption refers to the breakdown of bone tissue.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A standardized approach to measuring BMD for the diagnosis of osteoporosis include peripheral bone mineral density measurements.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Peripheral BMD measurements cannot be used for diagnosis because they do not correlate with central measurements (such as the hip). However, they are useful in identifying patients who are candidates for central DXA.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A white 60 year old woman walks up to the pharmacy counter with a cup of Starbucks in her hand. She states that her mom had osteoporosis and was wondering if she should be screened?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
While her age is less than 65...she has risk factors. Her race, having a first degree relative, and coffee consumption increase her risk.Rate this question:
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- 7.
All current national guidelines for BMD testing agree routine screening should occur for women aged ___ or older.
- A.
55
- B.
60
- C.
65
- D.
70
Correct Answer
C. 65Explanation
All current national guidelines for BMD testing agree routine screening should occur for women aged 65 or older. This means that it is recommended for women who are 65 years old or above to undergo routine screening for BMD (bone mineral density). This screening helps to assess the strength and health of the bones, and can help in early detection and management of osteoporosis or other bone-related conditions. Regular screening is important for older women as they are at a higher risk of developing bone-related issues.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A T-score is the number of standard deviations from the mean bone mineral density in healthy young white women. Osteoporosis is defined as a T-score at least -2.5 standard deviations below the mean. Osteopenia is defined as a T-score between -2.5 and -1.0 standard deviations below the mean.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because a T-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a person's bone mineral density is from the mean of healthy young white women. Osteoporosis is defined as a T-score of at least -2.5 standard deviations below the mean, while osteopenia is defined as a T-score between -2.5 and -1.0 standard deviations below the mean. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the definitions of osteoporosis and osteopenia based on T-scores.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis?(check all that apply)
- A.
White/Asian
- B.
Having had a hysterectomy
- C.
Having a small body frame
- D.
Eating prednisone like candy for more than 3 months
- E.
Poor diet
Correct Answer(s)
A. White/Asian
B. Having had a hysterectomy
C. Having a small body frame
D. Eating prednisone like candy for more than 3 months
E. Poor dietExplanation
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. The risk factors for osteoporosis include being White or Asian, having had a hysterectomy, having a small body frame, eating prednisone like candy for more than 3 months, and having a poor diet. Being White or Asian is a risk factor because individuals from these ethnic backgrounds tend to have lower bone density. Having had a hysterectomy can increase the risk of osteoporosis due to hormonal changes. A small body frame means less bone mass, which can make bones more susceptible to osteoporosis. Eating prednisone, a medication known to weaken bones, for an extended period can also increase the risk. Finally, a poor diet lacking in essential nutrients for bone health can contribute to osteoporosis.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which medications are associated with bone loss?(check all that apply)
- A.
Aromatase Inhibitors
- B.
IM Medroxyprogesterone
- C.
Immunosuppressive meds (such as cyclosporine)
- D.
Amoxicillin
- E.
Excessive levothyroxine doses
Correct Answer(s)
A. Aromatase Inhibitors
B. IM Medroxyprogesterone
C. Immunosuppressive meds (such as cyclosporine)
E. Excessive levothyroxine dosesExplanation
Aromatase inhibitors, IM medroxyprogesterone, immunosuppressive medications (such as cyclosporine), and excessive levothyroxine doses are all associated with bone loss. Aromatase inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer and can cause bone loss by inhibiting estrogen production. IM medroxyprogesterone is a hormonal contraceptive that can also lead to bone loss. Immunosuppressive medications, like cyclosporine, are used to prevent rejection in organ transplant patients and can contribute to bone loss. Excessive doses of levothyroxine, a medication used to treat hypothyroidism, can also have negative effects on bone health.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Kidney stones may occur with use of...
- A.
Calcium Oxalate
- B.
Calcium Carbonate
Correct Answer
A. Calcium OxalateExplanation
Kidney stones may occur with the use of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate is a common type of kidney stone that forms when there is too much oxalate and calcium in the urine. Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance found in many foods, and when it combines with calcium in the urine, it can form crystals that can eventually develop into kidney stones. Therefore, the presence of calcium oxalate in the urine can increase the risk of kidney stone formation.Rate this question:
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- 12.
NOF guidelines for BMD treatment include a T-score below -1.0 by central DXA and FRAX risk probability greater than or equal to 20% or greater than or equal to ____ for hip fracture.
- A.
1%
- B.
3%
- C.
5%
- D.
7%
- E.
10%
Correct Answer
B. 3%Explanation
The NOF guidelines for BMD treatment include a T-score below -1.0 by central DXA and FRAX risk probability greater than or equal to 20% or greater than or equal to 3% for hip fracture. This means that if a patient has a T-score below -1.0 and a FRAX risk probability of 3% or higher for hip fracture, they would meet the criteria for BMD treatment according to the NOF guidelines.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A patient presents to the pharmacy seeking information about treatment for her bone loss. She is allergic to bisphosphonates. She has chronic pain and is really hoping for a medication that inhibits osteoclast activity. She also just recently bought a new refrigerator and would like to use it as much as she can. What would be the best drug for her?
- A.
Ibandronate
- B.
Raloxifene
- C.
Calcitonin
- D.
Teriparitide
- E.
Alendronate
Correct Answer
C. CalcitoninExplanation
Some mild analgesic activity. Store in refrigerator when unopened, stable at room temp for 4 weeks.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Zolendronate is given as an IV infusion 5mg over 15 minutes _______. The most common adverse events include myalgia, headache, arthralgia, and pain in extremities.
- A.
Once a week
- B.
Once a month
- C.
Once every three months
- D.
Once every year
- E.
Once per lifetime
Correct Answer
D. Once every yearExplanation
Zolendronate is given as an IV infusion once every year. This dosing schedule is supported by the statement that the most common adverse events include myalgia, headache, arthralgia, and pain in extremities. These adverse events are typically associated with the use of Zolendronate and the once-yearly dosing helps to minimize their occurrence while still providing the desired therapeutic effects.Rate this question:
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- 15.
SERMs not only help improve BMD but they are a good choice for post-menopausal women due to their hot-flash reducing effects.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
SERMS can cause hot flashes and leg cramps.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which form of calcium contains the highest elemental calcium?
- A.
Calcium gluconate
- B.
Calcium Lactate
- C.
Calcium Citrate
- D.
Calcium Carbonate
Correct Answer
D. Calcium CarbonateExplanation
Calcium Carbonate contains the highest elemental calcium among the given options. Calcium carbonate is a common form of calcium supplement, often used to treat calcium deficiency. It contains 40% elemental calcium, which means that for every 1000 mg of calcium carbonate, 400 mg is actual calcium. Calcium carbonate is also widely available and affordable, making it a popular choice for calcium supplementation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Concern exists over the use of chronic bisphosphonate therapy due to reports of _____ osteonecrosis.Hint: your dentist might notice this before your doctor would
Correct Answer
jaw
jawbone
Jaw
mandible
MandibleExplanation
Chronic bisphosphonate therapy has been associated with the development of osteonecrosis in the jaw. This condition, known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), is characterized by the death of bone tissue in the jaw. Dentists are often the first to notice this condition as they may observe exposed bone, non-healing ulcers, or infections in the mouth. Therefore, it is important for patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy to inform their dentists and undergo regular dental examinations to monitor for any signs of jaw osteonecrosis.Rate this question:
- 18.
Lab tests have little value in diagnosing osteoporosis but can be beneficial in identifying secondary causes of bone loss (such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, cancer, or low vitamin D).
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Lab tests are not very effective in diagnosing osteoporosis itself because they do not directly measure bone density. However, they can be helpful in identifying underlying conditions or factors that may contribute to bone loss, such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, cancer, or low levels of vitamin D. These secondary causes of bone loss can be identified through lab tests, allowing for appropriate treatment and management. Therefore, lab tests have little value in diagnosing osteoporosis but can be beneficial in identifying secondary causes of bone loss.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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May 29, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
May 07, 2010Quiz Created by
Caitlinb
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