A&p Lab 4: Nervous System Lab 1
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What two parts are the nervous system mate up of?(separate with a comma)
Explanation
The nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS includes all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the brain and the various organs and tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is CNS, PNS.Rate this question:
- 2.
The brain and the spinal cord make up what part of the nervous system?
Explanation
The brain and the spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the sensory organs and sending out instructions to the rest of the body. It plays a crucial role in controlling and regulating bodily functions, as well as in cognitive processes such as thinking, memory, and emotion.Rate this question:
- 3.
The spinal nerves and the cranial nerves make up what part of the nervous system?
Explanation
The spinal nerves and the cranial nerves are both part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS is responsible for connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. The spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord and innervate different parts of the body, while the cranial nerves originate from the brain and innervate the head and neck. Together, these nerves play a crucial role in transmitting sensory information from the body to the CNS and carrying motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands.Rate this question:
- 4.
What 2 parts is the PNS further broken down into?(separate with a comma)
Explanation
The PNS is further broken down into two parts: sensory and motor. The sensory part is responsible for receiving and transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, while the motor part is responsible for transmitting motor commands from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.Rate this question:
- 5.
What 2 parts is the motor part of the PNS further broken down into? (separate with a comma)
Explanation
The motor part of the PNS is further broken down into two parts: the SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and the ANS (autonomic nervous system).Rate this question:
- 6.
What 2 parts is the ANS(Autonomic nervous system) further broken down into? (separate with a comma)
Explanation
The ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) is further broken down into two parts: the Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic. These two parts work together to regulate various involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes rest and relaxation.Rate this question:
- 7.
What 2 general types of cells is the nervous system made of?(separate with a comma)
Explanation
The nervous system is made up of two general types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals and information throughout the body, while neuroglia provide support and protection for the neurons.Rate this question:
- 8.
The function of neuroglial cells is to help hold the neuron in place and do not transmit messages.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Neuroglial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. They help hold the neurons in place by forming a structural framework and also play a role in maintaining the chemical environment around the neurons. Unlike neurons, neuroglial cells do not transmit messages themselves. Therefore, the given statement that the function of neuroglial cells is to help hold the neuron in place and not transmit messages is true.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What are the 3 functions of neuroglial cells?
Correct Answer
bracing, protecting, myelinating
bracing, myelinating, protecting
protecting, bracing, myelinating
protecting, myelinating, bracing
myelinating, protecting, bracing - 10.
What are the 4 types of support cells for the CNS?
Correct Answer
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependyma, migroglia
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependyma
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependyma, microgliaExplanation
The correct answer is Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependyma. These are the four types of support cells for the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, which insulates nerve fibers. Astrocytes provide structural support and help regulate the chemical environment of the CNS. Microglia are immune cells that protect the CNS by removing damaged cells and pathogens. Ependyma cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid and helping with its circulation.Rate this question:
- 11.
What is the function of Astrocytes?
- A.
Structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport substances
- B.
Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord
- C.
Phagocytes, structural support
- D.
Form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Correct Answer
A. Structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport substancesExplanation
Astrocytes have multiple functions in the central nervous system. They provide structural support to neurons and help maintain the integrity of the brain and spinal cord. They also play a role in the formation of scar tissue, which is important for repairing damaged tissue. Additionally, astrocytes are involved in the transport of substances, such as ions and neurotransmitters, between neurons and blood vessels.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
- A.
Structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport substances
- B.
Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord
- C.
Phagocytes, structural support
- D.
Form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Correct Answer
B. Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cordExplanation
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers and helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical impulses along the neurons. Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and proper functioning of the central nervous system by providing support and insulation to neurons.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the function of Microglia?
- A.
Structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport substances
- B.
Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord
- C.
Phagocytes, structural support
- D.
Form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Correct Answer
C. pHagocytes, structural supportExplanation
Microglia are a type of immune cells in the central nervous system that act as phagocytes, meaning they engulf and digest cellular debris, pathogens, and dead neurons. They also play a role in providing structural support to the brain and spinal cord by maintaining the integrity of neuronal networks and regulating synaptic connections. Therefore, they function as both phagocytes and structural support cells in the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the function of Ependyma?
- A.
Structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport substances
- B.
Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord
- C.
Phagocytes, structural support
- D.
Form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Correct Answer
D. Form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSFExplanation
The function of the Ependyma is to form a porous layer between the interstitial fluid of the brain, spinal cord, and CSF. This layer helps to regulate the movement of substances between these fluid compartments and provides a protective barrier for the brain and spinal cord.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Name the 2 types of support cells for the PNS.(separate with a comma)
Correct Answer
Schwann cells, satellite cells
Schwann, satellite
satellite cells, Schwann cells
satellite, schwannExplanation
The correct answer is "Schwann cells, satellite cells". Schwann cells are support cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that wrap around nerve fibers to provide insulation and support. Satellite cells are another type of support cell in the PNS that surround cell bodies of neurons in ganglia, providing structural support and regulating the microenvironment around the neurons.Rate this question:
- 16.
The function of Schwann cells is to speed neurotransmission.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Schwann cells contain myelin sheathRate this question:
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- 17.
Satellite cells support ganglia
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Satellite cells are a type of glial cell that are found in the peripheral nervous system. They are located in ganglia, which are clusters of nerve cell bodies. Satellite cells provide support and protection to the neurons in ganglia, helping to maintain their structure and function. Therefore, the statement that "Satellite cells support ganglia" is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What are the 3 types of neurons? (separate with a comma)
Correct Answer
Unipolar, Bipolar, multipolarExplanation
Unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar are the three types of neurons. Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, while bipolar neurons have two processes, one dendrite and one axon, extending from the cell body. Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon, allowing for complex communication within the nervous system. These different types of neurons play distinct roles in transmitting and processing information in the brain and body.Rate this question:
- 19.
What type of the neuron is the one pictured on the left?
Correct Answer
bipolar
bipolar neuronExplanation
The neuron pictured on the left is a bipolar neuron. This type of neuron has two processes extending from the cell body - one dendrite and one axon. The dendrite receives incoming signals, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons or cells. The term "bipolar" refers to the two processes that extend from the cell body.Rate this question:
- 20.
What is the type of neuron pictured in the middle?
Correct Answer
unipolar
unipolar neuronExplanation
The correct answer is unipolar or unipolar neuron. This type of neuron has a single process or extension that emerges from the cell body and branches out into two directions, resembling a "T" shape. One branch receives incoming signals, while the other branch transmits outgoing signals. Unipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory neurons, such as those responsible for touch and pain sensations.Rate this question:
- 21.
What type of neuron is the one pictured to the right?
Correct Answer
multipolar
multipolar neuronExplanation
The neuron pictured to the right is a multipolar neuron. This type of neuron has multiple dendrites and a single axon, allowing for the transmission of signals over long distances. The multiple dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons or to muscles or glands. The term "multipolar neuron" is used to specifically describe this type of neuron with multiple processes extending from the cell body.Rate this question:
- 22.
True unipolar neurons are found in the adult mammalian body
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
They originate in the embryo as bipolar neurons.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Where are unipolar neurons found?
- A.
In ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
- B.
Retina of the eye, olfactory bulb of the brain
- C.
Found in the brain and the spinal cord
Correct Answer
A. In ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cordExplanation
Unipolar neurons are found in ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system. Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, which divides into two branches - one that receives sensory information and another that sends information to the central nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer is that unipolar neurons are found in ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Where are bipolar neurons found?
- A.
In ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
- B.
Retina of the eye, olfactory bulb of the brain
- C.
Found in the brain and the spinal cord
Correct Answer
B. Retina of the eye, olfactory bulb of the brainExplanation
Bipolar neurons are found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory bulb of the brain. These neurons have two processes, or extensions, that extend from the cell body - one dendrite and one axon. The dendrite receives signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons. In the retina, bipolar neurons are responsible for transmitting visual information from the photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cells, which then send the information to the brain. In the olfactory bulb, bipolar neurons play a role in transmitting olfactory information from the nasal cavity to the brain for processing.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Where are multipolar neurons found?
- A.
In ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
- B.
Retina of the eye, olfactory bulb of the brain
- C.
Found in the brain and the spinal cord
Correct Answer
C. Found in the brain and the spinal cordExplanation
Multipolar neurons are found in the brain and the spinal cord. These neurons have multiple processes extending from the cell body, including one axon and multiple dendrites. This structural arrangement allows for efficient communication and integration of signals within the central nervous system. The other options, ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord, and the retina of the eye and olfactory bulb of the brain, are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the location of multipolar neurons.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is the structure labeled with A?
Correct Answer
NucleusExplanation
The structure labeled with A is the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's genetic material, including DNA, and is responsible for controlling the cell's activities and regulating gene expression. The nucleus plays a crucial role in cell division, growth, and reproduction.Rate this question:
- 27.
What is the structure labeled with B?
Correct Answer
DendriteExplanation
The structure labeled with B is a dendrite. Dendrites are branching extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. They are covered in synapses, which are the points of contact with other neurons. Dendrites play a crucial role in the communication and integration of information within the nervous system.Rate this question:
- 28.
What is the structure labeled with C?
Correct Answer
SomaExplanation
The structure labeled with C is the soma. The soma, also known as the cell body, is the main part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles. It is responsible for maintaining the cell's metabolic functions and integrating incoming signals from other neurons.Rate this question:
- 29.
What is the structure labeled with D?
Correct Answer
AxonExplanation
Axon is the whole length from the soma to the axon terminalRate this question:
- 30.
What is the structure labeled with E?
Correct Answer
Myelin sheathExplanation
The structure labeled with E is the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve cells. It is made up of layers of lipid-rich cells and acts as an electrical insulator. The myelin sheath is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system and plays a crucial role in facilitating communication between different parts of the body.Rate this question:
- 31.
What is the structure labeled with F?
Correct Answer
Schwann cellExplanation
The structure labeled with F is a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that wrap around and myelinate nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. They play a crucial role in insulating and protecting nerve fibers, allowing for efficient transmission of electrical signals. Schwann cells also aid in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers.Rate this question:
- 32.
What is the structure labeled with G?
Correct Answer
Nodes of RanvierExplanation
The structure labeled with G is the Nodes of Ranvier. These are small gaps or spaces that are found along the length of the myelinated axons in the nervous system. They are important for the conduction of nerve impulses as they allow for the saltatory conduction, where the electrical signal jumps from one node to another, increasing the speed of transmission. The Nodes of Ranvier are characterized by the absence of myelin sheath, which allows for the exchange of ions and the regeneration of the electrical signal.Rate this question:
- 33.
What is the structure labeled with H?
Correct Answer
Axon terminalExplanation
The structure labeled with H is the axon terminal. Axon terminals are small branches at the end of the axon that transmit signals to other neurons or target cells. They contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters, which are released into the synapse to facilitate communication between neurons. Axon terminals play a crucial role in the transmission of electrical signals along the neuron and the transfer of information between neurons.Rate this question:
- 34.
What are the raised portions of the brain called?
Correct Answer
GyriExplanation
Gyri are the raised portions of the brain. They are the folds or ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex that increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for more neurons and connections. These gyri play a crucial role in cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, and language processing.Rate this question:
- 35.
What are the sunken areas of the brain called?
Correct Answer
SulciExplanation
Sulci are the sunken areas or grooves on the surface of the brain. They are responsible for increasing the surface area of the brain, allowing for more neurons and connections. Sulci are important for the overall structure and function of the brain, as they help in organizing different regions and facilitating communication between them.Rate this question:
- 36.
What are X shaped structure in this picture called?
Correct Answer
Optic chiasmExplanation
The X-shaped structure in the picture is called the optic chiasm. The optic chiasm is located at the base of the brain and is where the optic nerves from each eye cross over. This crossover allows for the information from the left visual field to be processed in the right side of the brain and vice versa. The optic chiasm plays a crucial role in visual perception and is an important anatomical feature in the visual system.Rate this question:
- 37.
What is the name for A?
Correct Answer
Longitudinal fissureExplanation
The correct answer is "Longitudinal fissure." The longitudinal fissure is a deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the brain, known as the left and right cerebral hemispheres. This fissure extends from the front to the back of the brain and plays a crucial role in the communication and coordination between the two hemispheres.Rate this question:
- 38.
What is the structure for I?
Correct Answer
medulla oblongataExplanation
The medulla oblongata is the correct answer for the structure of I. The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain. It plays a crucial role in controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also helps regulate reflexes and involuntary movements.Rate this question:
- 39.
What is the structure for G?
Correct Answer
Olfactory bulbExplanation
The structure for G is the olfactory bulb.Rate this question:
- 40.
What is the nerve called that comes off of structure I?
Correct Answer
Optic nerveExplanation
The nerve that comes off of structure I is called the optic nerve.Rate this question:
- 41.
What is the structure called that's labeled 14?
Correct Answer
PonsExplanation
The structure labeled 14 is called the Pons.Rate this question:
- 42.
What is another term for the Pituitary gland?
Correct Answer
HypophysisExplanation
The term "Hypophysis" is another name for the Pituitary gland. The Pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain and is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. It produces and releases hormones that control growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other important processes in the body. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "Hypophysis."Rate this question:
- 43.
What is another term for Hypophysis?
Correct Answer
Pituitary glandExplanation
The correct answer is "Pituitary gland." The term "Hypophysis" is another name for the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain and is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions.Rate this question:
- 44.
What is structure 14?
Correct Answer
Pituitary gland
hypophysisExplanation
The correct answer is Pituitary gland, hypophysis. The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions and control the activity of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response.Rate this question:
- 45.
What is structure 16?
Correct Answer
HypothalamusExplanation
The correct answer is Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain located below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone production. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which in turn affects other glands and organs in the body. Overall, the hypothalamus is essential for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating the body's response to internal and external stimuli.Rate this question:
- 46.
What is strucure 17?
Correct Answer
Thalamus
Massa intermediaExplanation
Technically, the massa intermedia is located in the thalamus.Rate this question:
- 47.
What is structure 4?
Correct Answer
Pineal glandExplanation
Structure 4 refers to the pineal gland. The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the brain. It produces and secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland also plays a role in regulating various physiological processes, such as reproductive function and immune system activity. It is often referred to as the "third eye" due to its association with light and darkness perception.Rate this question:
- 48.
What is structure12?
Correct Answer
Aqueduct - 49.
What is the space above structure 17 called?
Correct Answer
third ventricle
3rd ventricleExplanation
The space above structure 17 is called the third ventricle or 3rd ventricle.Rate this question:
- 50.
What is the pointer pointing to?
Correct Answer
cerebral peduncleExplanation
The pointer is pointing to the cerebral peduncle.Rate this question:
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.gif "What type of neuron is the one pictured to the right?")
.png "What is the structure labeled with B?")
.png "What is the structure labeled with C?")
.png "What is the structure labeled with D?")
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