1.
When should you call 911?
Correct Answer
D. The person has trouble breathing.
Explanation
You should call 911 when a person has trouble breathing, as this is a sign of a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Situations like a runny nose, stomachache, or earache, while potentially uncomfortable, are typically not emergencies that warrant an emergency call like this. Breathing difficulties can indicate serious health issues such as an allergic reaction, asthma attack, or other critical respiratory conditions.
2.
The best way to check if a person is unconscious is to:
Correct Answer
C. Tap the person and shout, "Are you ok?"
Explanation
To check if a person is unconscious, tapping the person and shouting, "Are you ok?" is the best way. This method is used to assess the person's responsiveness. If the person does not respond to the tap and shout, it indicates that they are unconscious. This is a quick and simple way to determine if further medical assistance is needed.
3.
You see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your building. You check the scene and then the victim for consciousness, but she does not respond. What should you do next?
Correct Answer
A. Call 911
Explanation
In this situation, the most appropriate action to take is to call 911. This is because the woman has collapsed and is unresponsive, indicating a medical emergency. By calling 911, emergency medical services can be dispatched to provide professional medical assistance as quickly as possible. Checking for signs of life or giving rescue breaths may be necessary if the person is not breathing or does not have a pulse, but the first step should always be to call for professional help. Driving the person to the hospital may not be the best option as it could delay necessary medical care.
4.
Always check for signs of life for no more-
Correct Answer
D. 10 seconds
Explanation
When checking for signs of life, such as breathing or movement, it's recommended to observe the person for no more than 10 seconds. This duration provides enough time to accurately assess the situation without delaying potential life-saving interventions like CPR, if necessary. It strikes a balance between being thorough and prompt in emergency responses.
5.
About how often should you stop and check for breathing and a pulse when performing rescue breathing on an infant?
Correct Answer
A. Every 2 minutes or about 40 breaths
Explanation
When performing rescue breathing on an infant, it is important to stop and check for breathing and a pulse every 2 minutes or about 40 breaths. This is necessary to ensure that the infant's airway remains open and that they are receiving adequate oxygen. Regularly checking for breathing and a pulse allows for early detection of any changes in the infant's condition and enables prompt intervention if necessary.
6.
The steps to follow in an emergency are:
Correct Answer
C. Check-call-care
Explanation
In emergency situations, the recommended procedure often taught in basic first aid and CPR courses is to first "check" the scene to ensure it's safe for you to approach and help the victim. Next, "call" for professional medical assistance or direct someone else to do so. Finally, "care" for the victim by providing the necessary first aid or CPR until professional help arrives. This sequence prioritizes safety and ensures that professional help is on the way as you assist the injured or ill person.
7.
What is the first step in checking a conscious person?
Correct Answer
A. Obtain consent before assisting
Explanation
When checking a conscious person, the first and most crucial step is to obtain their consent. This respects their autonomy and is essential for legal and ethical reasons. Before administering any aid, asking for permission ensures that the person is comfortable and agrees to receive help. It sets the foundation for further interaction, where you can then proceed to assess their condition more thoroughly through questions or visual checks. This initial step of gaining consent is fundamental in any situation where aid might be required.
8.
If a person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back, this person is most likely having:
Correct Answer
C. A heart attack
Explanation
If a person experiences pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or goes away and comes back, they are most likely having a heart attack. These symptoms are characteristic of a heart attack and require immediate medical attention. Chest pain, especially if it is persistent or recurrent, is a critical warning sign that the heart may not be getting enough blood due to blocked arteries or other heart conditions. Prompt action, such as calling emergency services, is crucial in such situations.
9.
About how many cycles of CPR should you perform on an adult in two minutes?
Correct Answer
C. 5
Explanation
In CPR, it is recommended to perform 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. This cycle should be repeated continuously until medical help arrives or the person shows signs of recovery. In two minutes, it is ideal to complete at least 5 cycles of CPR, which would involve 150 chest compressions and 10 rescue breaths. This ensures adequate circulation and oxygenation to the person's body, increasing their chances of survival.
10.
During an active drowning situation, what is the first step a lifeguard should take according to the standard rescue protocol?
Correct Answer
B. Signal to other lifeguards and activate the emergency action plan.
Explanation
The first step in handling an active drowning situation is to ensure that other lifeguards and personnel are aware of the emergency. This activation of the emergency action plan (EAP) helps coordinate the rescue efforts and ensures that all necessary resources and backup are mobilized quickly. Once the emergency action plan is activated, the lifeguard can proceed with the appropriate rescue technique, such as attempting a rescue from the deck using a reaching or throwing aid or entering the water if necessary.