Medicine Quiz: Renal Failure (ESRD)

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T3tiffany
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  • 1/20 Questions

    _________ renal Failure is a rapid decline in renal function with an abrupt onset

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About This Quiz

Do you know about renal failure? Take this medicine quiz on renal failure to check your knowledge about the same. Your kidneys are some of the most vital organs in the human body and are responsible for filtering your blood to remove wastes and extra water from it to produce urine. Renal failure occurs when the kidneys cease to operate at the desired rate or at all. Can you tell us about the causes, symptoms, and treatment for renal failure? Take this quiz to find out! All the best!

Medicine Quiz: Renal Failure (ESRD) - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    ________ renal failure is a slow, insidious process of kidney destruction. It may go unrecognized for years as nephrons are destroyed and renal mass is reduced.

    Explanation
    Chronic renal failure refers to a gradual and progressive deterioration of kidney function over time. This condition can be characterized by the slow destruction of nephrons and a decrease in renal mass. The term "chronic" indicates that the process is long-lasting and may remain unnoticed for an extended period, potentially spanning several years. This answer accurately describes the nature of chronic renal failure as a slow and insidious process of kidney destruction.

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  • 3. 

    Agents that damage the kidney tissue are called:

    • Nephrons

    • Nephrotoxins

    • Antibodies

    • Enterotoxins

    Correct Answer
    A. Nephrotoxins
    Explanation
    Nephrotoxins are agents that damage kidney tissue. These substances can be drugs, chemicals, or even certain infections that directly affect the kidneys. They can disrupt the normal functioning of the nephrons, the basic structural and functional units of the kidneys, leading to kidney damage and impaired kidney function. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections, while enterotoxins specifically target the intestines. Therefore, nephrotoxins are the correct answer in this case.

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  • 4. 

    When the kidneys have too few nephrons to excrete metabolic wastes and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance adequately, the client is said to have ____________, the final stage of Chronic Renal Failure.

    • End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

    • Renal insufficiency

    • Acute tubular necrosis

    • Dialysis

    Correct Answer
    A. End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
    Explanation
    When the kidneys have too few nephrons to excrete metabolic wastes and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance adequately, the client is said to have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the final stage of Chronic Renal Failure. ESRD occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly and the individual requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. Renal insufficiency refers to decreased kidney function but is not specific to the final stage of chronic renal failure. Acute tubular necrosis is a condition where there is damage to the kidney tubules, but it is not necessarily the final stage of chronic renal failure. Dialysis is a treatment option for individuals with ESRD but is not the term used to describe the final stage of chronic renal failure.

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  • 5. 

    The cause of ___________ failure is impaired blood supply to the kidney (Fluid Volume Deficit, hemorrhage, heart failure, shock)

    • Prerenal

    • Intrarenal

    • Postrenal

    • Perirenal

    Correct Answer
    A. Prerenal
    Explanation
    Prerenal failure refers to a condition where there is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in impaired blood supply. This can be caused by factors such as dehydration, hemorrhage, heart failure, or shock. In this case, the impaired blood supply to the kidney is the cause of the failure, leading to prerenal failure.

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  • 6. 

    __________ failure is caused by obstruction of urine flow. (urethral obstruction by enlarged prostate or tumor; ureteral or kidney pelvis obstruction by calculi)

    • Prerenal

    • Intrarenal

    • Postrenal

    • Perirenal

    Correct Answer
    A. Postrenal
    Explanation
    Postrenal failure is caused by obstruction of urine flow, which can occur due to conditions such as an enlarged prostate or tumor blocking the urethra, or calculi obstructing the ureter or kidney pelvis. This obstruction prevents the normal flow of urine from the kidneys, leading to a buildup of pressure and potential damage to the kidneys. As a result, postrenal failure refers to kidney failure caused by an obstruction occurring after the urine has been formed in the kidneys.

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  • 7. 

    ________ failure is caused by Acute damage to renal tissue and nephrons or acute tubular necrosis: abrupt decline in tubular and glomerular function due to either prolonged ischemia and/or exposure to nephrotoxins. (Acute glomerulonephritis, malignant hypertension, ischemia; nephrotoxic drugs or substances; red blood cell destruction; muscle tissue breakdown due to trauma, heatstroke)

    • Prerenal

    • Intrarenal

    • Postrenal

    • Perirenal

    Correct Answer
    A. Intrarenal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Intrarenal" because it refers to damage that occurs within the kidneys themselves. This can be caused by acute damage to renal tissue and nephrons, leading to a decline in tubular and glomerular function. This can be due to factors such as prolonged ischemia, exposure to nephrotoxins, acute glomerulonephritis, malignant hypertension, ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs or substances, red blood cell destruction, and muscle tissue breakdown due to trauma or heatstroke.

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  • 8. 

    "urine in the blood" is called.

    Correct Answer
    uremia
    Explanation
    Uremia refers to the presence of urine in the blood, which is an abnormal condition. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood effectively, leading to a buildup of toxins and waste materials in the bloodstream. This can happen due to kidney disease or failure. Uremia can cause various symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and changes in urine output. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause and may include medications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation.

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  • 9. 

    A client on peritoneal dialysis notices that the collecting bag of dialysate is cloudy; what is this an indication of?

    • The client needs to change their dialysate.

    • The patient needs a kidney transplant.

    • Medication was added to the dialysate.

    • The patient is infected and experiencing peritonitis.

    Correct Answer
    A. The patient is infected and experiencing peritonitis.
    Explanation
    The cloudy appearance of the collecting bag of dialysate indicates that the patient is infected and experiencing peritonitis. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis and can be caused by bacterial or fungal infection. Cloudy dialysate is a sign of infection and requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Changing the dialysate or considering a kidney transplant would not be appropriate responses in this situation.

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  • 10. 

    Which is a normal value of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    • 0.5-1.1 mg/dL

    • 5-20 mg/dL

    • 40-70 mg/dL

    • 250-500 mg/dL

    Correct Answer
    A. 5-20 mg/dL
    Explanation
    A normal value of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is typically between 5-20 mg/dL. BUN is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism. This range is considered normal because it reflects the healthy functioning of the kidneys, which filter out urea from the blood. Higher or lower values may indicate kidney dysfunction or other underlying health conditions.

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  • 11. 

    Which of these drugs is nephrotoxic?

    • Diuretics

    • ACE inhibitors

    • NSAIDs

    • Sodium bicarbonate/ Potassium bicarbonate

    Correct Answer
    A. NSAIDs
    Explanation
    NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are known to be nephrotoxic, meaning they can cause damage to the kidneys. These drugs can reduce blood flow to the kidneys and inhibit the production of certain hormones that help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. Prolonged use or high doses of NSAIDs can lead to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Therefore, NSAIDs should be used with caution, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions or those at risk for kidney problems.

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  • 12. 

    Clients with chronic renal failure should notify the physician of any weight:

    • Loss of 2 pounds over a 5 day period

    • Gain of 2 pounds over a 2 day period

    • Loss of 5 pounds over a 5 day period

    • Gain of 5 pounds over a 2 day period

    Correct Answer
    A. Gain of 5 pounds over a 2 day period
    Explanation
    Clients with chronic renal failure should notify the physician of a gain of 5 pounds over a 2 day period because sudden weight gain can be a sign of fluid retention, which is a common complication of renal failure. Fluid retention can worsen the condition and lead to further complications. Therefore, it is important for clients to inform their physician about any significant weight gain so that appropriate interventions can be taken to manage fluid balance and prevent further complications.

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  • 13. 

    Which is the treatment of choice for many clients with end-stage renal disease?

    • Hemodialysis

    • Kidney transplant

    • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

    • Peritoneal dialysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Kidney transplant
    Explanation
    Kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for many clients with end-stage renal disease. This is because a kidney transplant offers the best long-term outcomes and improved quality of life compared to other treatment options. Hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and peritoneal dialysis are alternative treatments for end-stage renal disease, but they are not considered the first choice for many clients due to various limitations and disadvantages.

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  • 14. 

    The client with renal failure should be on which type of diet?

    • High protein, high carbohydrate, low calorie

    • Adequate calorie intake, high carbohydrate, limited protein

    • Limited protein, low carbohydrate, adequate calorie intake

    • Low calorie, limited protein, low carbohydrate

    Correct Answer
    A. Adequate calorie intake, high carbohydrate, limited protein
    Explanation
    The client with renal failure should be on a diet that includes adequate calorie intake, high carbohydrate, and limited protein. Renal failure affects the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood, and a high protein intake can further strain the kidneys. Adequate calorie intake is important to maintain energy levels, while a high carbohydrate diet provides a good source of energy. Limiting protein intake helps reduce the buildup of waste products that the kidneys cannot efficiently eliminate.

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  • 15. 

    Which diagnostic test would be monitored to evaluate glomerular filtration rate and renal function?

    • Sreum creatinine and BUN

    • Urinalysis

    • Kidney biopsy

    • Creatinine clearance

    Correct Answer
    A. Creatinine clearance
    Explanation
    Creatinine clearance is a diagnostic test that is monitored to evaluate glomerular filtration rate and renal function. It measures the amount of creatinine cleared from the blood by the kidneys in a given amount of time. This test provides valuable information about how well the kidneys are functioning and can help diagnose and monitor conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Sreum creatinine and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) are also commonly measured to assess renal function, but creatinine clearance is a more accurate and comprehensive test. Urinalysis can provide additional information about kidney function, but it is not specifically used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate. Kidney biopsy is a more invasive procedure that is typically used to diagnose specific kidney diseases, but it is not routinely used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate and renal function.

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  • 16. 

    Clients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) must empty their peritoneal cavity and replace the dialysate every __________ hours.

    • 24

    • 6-8

    • 4-6

    • 48

    Correct Answer
    A. 4-6
    Explanation
    Clients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) need to empty their peritoneal cavity and replace the dialysate every 4-6 hours. This is because CAPD is a type of dialysis that involves a continuous exchange of dialysate, which helps remove waste and excess fluid from the body. By emptying the peritoneal cavity and replacing the dialysate regularly, the client can ensure that the dialysis process is effective and that their body is properly cleansed of toxins.

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  • 17. 

    When the kidneys cannot effectively regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and eliminate metabolic waste products, taking of these substances must be regulated. Fluid and Sodium intake are ________.

    • Encouraged

    • Limited

    • Restricted

    Correct Answer
    A. Limited
    Explanation
    When the kidneys are unable to effectively regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and eliminate metabolic waste products, it is necessary to limit the intake of fluid and sodium. This is because excessive fluid intake can lead to fluid overload and worsen the condition, while high sodium intake can increase fluid retention and further strain the kidneys. Therefore, limiting the intake of both fluid and sodium is necessary to support kidney function and prevent complications.

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  • 18. 

    Which phase of Acute Renal Failure results in FVE and edema due to salt and water retention, hypertension, Azotemia, hyperkalemia, muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, and high serum creatinine and BUN levels?

    • Initiation phase

    • Maintenance phase

    • Recovery phase

    • Intrarenal phase

    Correct Answer
    A. Maintenance phase
    Explanation
    The maintenance phase of Acute Renal Failure is characterized by fluid volume excess (FVE) and edema due to salt and water retention. This phase is also associated with hypertension, Azotemia (buildup of nitrogen waste products in the blood), hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood), muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, and elevated levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). During this phase, the kidneys are still unable to properly filter and excrete waste products and excess fluid, leading to these symptoms and laboratory findings.

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  • 19. 

    _________ is the most frequent complication during hemodialysis.

    • Hypertension

    • Bleeding

    • Infection

    • Dialysis dementia

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypertension
    Explanation
    Hypertension is the most frequent complication during hemodialysis because the process of removing excess fluid and waste products from the blood can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. This drop in blood pressure triggers the body's natural response to increase blood pressure, leading to hypertension. Additionally, the use of anticoagulants during hemodialysis can also contribute to hypertension. Managing hypertension is crucial during hemodialysis to prevent further complications and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

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  • 20. 

    ____________ is a treatment for renal failure in which blood is continuously circulated (artery to vein or vein to vein) and filtered, allowing excess water and solutes to empty into a collecting device. Fluid may be replaced with a balanced electrolyte solution as needed during treatment.

    • Hemodialysis

    • Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

    • Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis

    • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

    Correct Answer
    A. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
    Explanation
    Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a treatment for renal failure in which blood is continuously circulated and filtered. It allows excess water and solutes to empty into a collecting device, and fluid may be replaced with a balanced electrolyte solution as needed during treatment. CRRT is commonly used in critically ill patients who are unable to tolerate traditional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. It provides a slower and more continuous form of dialysis, making it suitable for patients with hemodynamic instability or fluid overload.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): May 5, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • May 05, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 12, 2008
    Quiz Created by
    T3tiffany
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