Brain Bee Challenge: Round III

1.

Name the sheet of photoreceptors and neurons that lines the back of the eye.

A.

Cornea
B.

Retina
C.

V4

Correct Answer
B. Retina

Explanation
The correct answer is "Retina." The retina is the sheet of photoreceptors and neurons that lines the back of the eye. It is responsible for capturing light and converting it into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The retina plays a crucial role in vision by transmitting these signals to the optic nerve, which then sends them to the brain for processing.

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2.

The amygdala and septum are part of this group of brain structures that regulate emotion.

A.

Proprioceptive system
B.

Prefrontal Cortex
C.

Limbic System

Correct Answer
C. Limbic System

Explanation
The amygdala and septum are both components of the limbic system, which is responsible for regulating emotions. The limbic system plays a crucial role in processing and controlling emotions, as well as memory formation and motivation. The amygdala is particularly involved in fear and emotional responses, while the septum is involved in regulating emotional states and social behavior. Therefore, the limbic system is the correct answer as it encompasses these brain structures and their role in emotional regulation.

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3.

Name the device that monitors brain waves.

A.

FMRI
B.

Electroencephalogram
C.

PET (positron emission tomography) scanner

Correct Answer
B. ElectroencepHalogram

Explanation
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a device used to monitor brain waves. It measures the electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. This non-invasive technique is commonly used in medical and research settings to diagnose and study various brain disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. Unlike fMRI and PET scanners which monitor brain activity through different methods, an EEG directly measures the electrical signals produced by the brain, making it the correct answer for this question.

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4.

Name the hormones, which include testosterone, that are important for male sexual development.

A.

Androgens
B.

Estrogen
C.

Testosterines

Correct Answer
A. Androgens

Explanation
Androgens, including testosterone, are hormones that are important for male sexual development. These hormones play a crucial role in the development of male reproductive organs, such as the testes and penis, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth. Androgens also contribute to the regulation of libido and sperm production. Estrogen, on the other hand, is a hormone primarily associated with female sexual development. Testosterines is not a correct term for any hormone.

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5.

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes energy and resources during times of stress and arousal?

A.

The sympathetic nervous system
B.

The parasympathetic nervous system
C.

The adrenal system

Correct Answer
A. The sympathetic nervous system

Explanation
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for mobilizing energy and resources during times of stress and arousal. It activates the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and releasing stress hormones like adrenaline. This helps the body prepare to respond to a perceived threat or danger. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for promoting rest and relaxation. The adrenal system plays a role in the stress response by releasing hormones like cortisol, but it is not a branch of the autonomic nervous system.

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6.

This region of the brain, located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, is important for the production of speech.

A.

Wernicke’s area
B.

Posterior cingulate gyrus
C.

Broca’s area

Correct Answer
C. Broca’s area

Explanation
Broca's area is the correct answer because it is a region of the brain located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, and it is known to be involved in the production of speech. This area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech production, including the coordination of the muscles involved in speech articulation.

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7.

Name the part of the brain that is important for emotional learning and memory and its dysfunction is related to anxiety disorders.

A.

Hypothalamus
B.

Amygdala
C.

Superior colliculus

Correct Answer
B. Amygdala

Explanation
The amygdala is a part of the brain that is crucial for emotional learning and memory. It plays a significant role in processing and regulating emotions, particularly fear and anxiety. Dysfunction in the amygdala has been linked to various anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is responsible for the formation and storage of fear memories and the activation of the body's stress response.

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8.

This liquid is found within the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

A.

Ventricular fluid
B.

Cerebrospinal fluid
C.

Golgi fluid

Correct Answer
B. Cerebrospinal fluid

Explanation
Cerebrospinal fluid is the correct answer because it is a clear, colorless liquid that is found within the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. It acts as a cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury, provides nutrients to these structures, and helps remove waste products. Ventricular fluid and Golgi fluid are not accurate terms for the liquid found in these areas of the body.

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9.

What is the name of the class of neurotransmitters that are chains of amino acids?

A.

Cholinergic transmitters
B.

Monoamines
C.

Peptides

Correct Answer
C. Peptides

Explanation
Peptides are the class of neurotransmitters that are chains of amino acids. Peptides are larger molecules made up of amino acids that act as chemical messengers in the nervous system. They are synthesized in the cell body of neurons and then transported to the nerve terminals for release. Examples of peptide neurotransmitters include substance P, oxytocin, and endorphins. Peptides play a role in various physiological processes such as pain perception, mood regulation, and stress response.

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10.

Name the disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disturbances of thought and emotions.

A.

Schizophrenia
B.

Multiple personality disorder
C.

Antisocial personality disorder

Correct Answer
A. SchizopHrenia

Explanation
Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disturbances of thought and emotions. Delusions are false beliefs that are not based on reality, while hallucinations are sensory experiences that are not actually occurring. Disturbances of thought and emotions can manifest as disorganized thinking, difficulty expressing emotions, and a lack of motivation. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and relationships. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment, usually involving a combination of medication and therapy. Multiple personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are separate mental health conditions that are not characterized by the same symptoms as schizophrenia.

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