Shoulder Dystocia Quiz

Explanation
Shoulder dystocia is a complication that occurs during childbirth when the baby's shoulder becomes stuck behind the mother's pubic bone. In this situation, the anterior shoulder, which is the front shoulder, is involved in shoulder dystocia. This can cause difficulties in delivering the baby and may require special maneuvers or interventions to safely deliver the baby.

Explanation
The answer is 50% because the question asks how many shoulder dystocia cases are not predicted. This implies that the percentage refers to the cases that were not predicted, rather than the cases that were predicted. Therefore, the correct answer is 50%, indicating that half of the shoulder dystocia cases are not predicted.

Explanation
Fast labor can increase the risk of shoulder dystocia. When labor progresses rapidly, there may not be enough time for the baby's shoulders to properly rotate and pass through the birth canal. This can result in the baby's shoulder becoming stuck behind the mother's pubic bone, leading to shoulder dystocia. This complication can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby, as it can cause injury to the baby's nerves and bones, as well as excessive bleeding for the mother. Therefore, fast labor is considered a risk factor for shoulder dystocia.

Explanation
Shoulder dystocia is a complication during childbirth where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pubic bone. Warning signs of shoulder dystocia during childbirth include slow progress in labor, the 'turtle sign' where the baby's head retracts after crowning. One of the warning signs of shoulder dystocia is more painful labor. This is because the baby's shoulder being stuck can cause increased pressure and stretching in the birth canal, leading to more intense pain for the mother. The other options, such as long 1st stage of labor, 'turtle neck' sign, and long 2nd stage of labor, may also be associated with shoulder dystocia.

Explanation
The McRoberts maneuver is a technique used to resolve shoulder dystocia during childbirth. It involves flexing the mother's legs tightly against her abdomen, which helps to open up the pelvis and allows for easier delivery of the baby's shoulder. Studies have shown that the McRoberts maneuver is successful in resolving shoulder dystocia in approximately 90% of cases.

Explanation
The McRoberts maneuver involves hyperflexing the mother's legs tightly to her abdomen, which widens the pelvis and flattens the sacrum. This position increases the anterior-posterior diameter of the pelvis, aiding in the release of the baby's shoulder impacted behind the maternal pelvis. It is a widely used and effective initial approach for resolving shoulder dystocia. Other maneuvers, like Woods' corkscrew and Rubin, are secondary techniques used if McRoberts fails.

Explanation
Suprapubic pressure is typically applied to the anterior aspect of the anterior arm during the process of delivering a baby. This technique is used to help facilitate the delivery of the baby's anterior shoulder in cases where it becomes impacted during childbirth.

Explanation
If McRoberts maneuver (flexing the woman's legs towards her abdomen) and suprapubic pressure (applying pressure to the woman's lower abdomen) are ineffective in assisting with delivery, the woman will be positioned on all fours. This position, also known as the hands and knees position, can help to relieve pressure on the woman's back and allow for better alignment of the baby's head with the birth canal, facilitating delivery.

Explanation
Shoulder dystocia is a complication during childbirth where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pelvic bone. This can result in injury to the baby's brachial plexus, a network of nerves that control movement and sensation in the arm and hand. Brachial plexus injury is the most common injury associated with shoulder dystocia, as the nerves can be stretched or torn during the delivery process. This injury can lead to weakness or paralysis in the affected arm.

Explanation
The given answer options are all relevant documents that may be required at the time of birth. The time the head was born is important for recording the exact time of birth. Knowing who was present can be important for legal and medical purposes. Documenting the maneuvers performed during the delivery and when they were performed can provide important information about the birthing process. Finally, noting which shoulder was anterior can be important for assessing the position of the baby during birth.