Test Design Techniques-ISTQB Chapter IV

1.

An item or event of a component or system that could be verified by one or more test cases is called

A.

Test Oracle
B.

Test design specification
C.

Test condition
D.

Test Data

Correct Answer
C. Test condition

Explanation
A test condition refers to an item or event in a component or system that can be verified by one or more test cases. It represents a specific situation or state that needs to be tested to ensure the functionality and quality of the component or system. Test conditions are used to define the criteria that determine whether a test case has passed or failed. They help in identifying the expected outcomes and provide a basis for designing effective test cases.

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2.

In which document described in IEEE829 would you find instructions for the steps to be taken for a test incluing setup, loging, environment and measurement

A.

Test plan
B.

Test design specification
C.

Test case specification
D.

Test procedure Specification

Correct Answer
D. Test procedure Specification

Explanation
The correct answer is Test procedure Specification. In IEEE829, the Test procedure Specification document provides instructions for the steps to be taken for a test, including setup, logging, environment, and measurement. This document outlines the specific procedures and guidelines that need to be followed during the testing process to ensure consistency and accuracy. It helps testers understand the necessary steps and actions to execute a particular test case effectively.

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3.

With a highly experienced tester with a good business background which approach to defining test procedures would be effective and more efficient for a project under severe time presure ?

A.

High level outline of the test conditions and general steps to take
B.

Every step in the test spelled out in detail
C.

High level outline of the test conditions with the steps to take discussed in detail with another experienced tester
D.

Detailed documentation of all test cases and careful records of each step taken in the testing.

Correct Answer
A. High level outline of the test conditions and general steps to take

Explanation
An experienced tester with a good business background would be able to understand the project requirements and constraints effectively. Therefore, a high-level outline of the test conditions and general steps to take would be more efficient in this scenario. This approach allows the tester to focus on the most critical aspects of the testing process while leaving room for flexibility and adaptation as needed. It also saves time by avoiding unnecessary details and documentation, which is crucial when working under severe time pressure. Collaborating with another experienced tester to discuss the steps in detail can provide valuable insights and ensure a comprehensive approach.

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4.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is correct?

A.

100% decision coverage is achieved if statement coverage is greater than 90%.
B.

100% statement coverage is achieved if decision coverage is greater than 90%.
C.

100% decision coverage always means 100% statement coverage
D.

100% statement coverage always means 100% decision coverage.

Correct Answer
C. 100% decision coverage always means 100% statement coverage

Explanation
The correct answer is that 100% decision coverage always means 100% statement coverage. This means that if every possible decision in the code has been executed at least once, then every statement in the code has also been executed at least once. Decision coverage is a stronger metric than statement coverage because it ensures that all possible paths and conditions in the code have been tested. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.

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5.

Why are error guessing and exploratory testing good to do?

A.

They can find defects missed by specificationbased and structure-based techniques.
B.

They don't require any training to be as effective as formal techniques.
C.

They can be used most effectively when there are good specifications.
D.

They will ensure that all of the code or system is tested.

Correct Answer
A. They can find defects missed by specificationbased and structure-based techniques.

Explanation
Error guessing and exploratory testing are good to do because they have the ability to find defects that may have been missed by specification-based and structure-based techniques. These techniques involve using intuition, experience, and creativity to identify potential areas of failure or vulnerabilities in the system. Unlike formal techniques, error guessing and exploratory testing do not require extensive training to be effective. However, it is important to note that these techniques may be most effective when there are good specifications available to guide the testing process.

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6.

How do experience-based techniques differ from specification-based techniques?

A.

They depend on the tester's understanding of the way the system is structured rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.
B.

They depend on having older testers rather than younger testers.
C.

They depend on a documented record of what the system should do rather than on an individual's personal view.
D.

They depend on an individual's personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.

Correct Answer
D. They depend on an individual's personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.

Explanation
Experience-based techniques differ from specification-based techniques in that they rely on an individual's personal view and understanding of the system's structure, rather than solely relying on a documented record of what the system should do. These techniques take into account the tester's expertise and knowledge gained through their experience with similar systems, allowing them to identify potential issues or areas of improvement that may not be explicitly specified in the documentation. This approach allows for a more flexible and adaptable testing process.

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7.

When choosing which technique to use in a given situation, which factors should be taken into account?U previous experience of types of defects found in this or similar systemsV the existing knowledge of the testersW regulatory standards that applyX the type of test execution tool that will be usedY the documentation availableZ previous experience in the development language

A.

V,W,Y and Z
B.

U, V, W and Y
C.

U, X and Y
D.

V, W and Y

Correct Answer
B. U, V, W and Y

Explanation
When choosing which technique to use in a given situation, factors such as previous experience of types of defects found in this or similar systems (U), existing knowledge of the testers (V), regulatory standards that apply (W), and the documentation available (Y) should be taken into account. These factors can help in determining the most appropriate technique to use for testing. The type of test execution tool (X) and previous experience in the development language (Z) are not mentioned as factors to consider in this situation.

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8.

Given the state diagram, which test case is the minimum series of valid transitions to cover every state?

A.

SS-S1-S2-S4-S1-S3-ES
B.

SS-S1-S2-S3-S4-ES
C.

SS-S1-S2-S4-S1-S3-S4-S1-S3-ES
D.

SS-S1-S4-S2-S1-S3-ES

Correct Answer
A. SS-S1-S2-S4-S1-S3-ES

Explanation
The correct answer is SS-S1-S2-S4-S1-S3-ES. This test case covers every state in the state diagram, starting from the initial state (SS) and going through S1, S2, S4, and S3 before reaching the end state (ES). The other test cases either miss certain states or include unnecessary transitions.

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