Unit II: Axial Skeleton & Articulations

The statement is true because true ribs are the first seven pairs of ribs that are directly attached to the sternum by their own costal cartilages. These ribs are considered true because they have a direct connection to the sternum, providing stability and protection to the thoracic cavity.

The correct answer is 7, 12, and 5. The human spine is divided into three regions: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. The cervical region consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region consists of 12 vertebrae, and the lumbar region consists of 5 vertebrae. Therefore, the answer 7, 12, and 5 represents the correct number of vertebrae in each region.

The correct answer is "Parietal Bone, Parietal, Parietal bone, parietal bone." This suggests that the bone E is the parietal bone.

The correct answer for the bone marking is "Coronal Suture". The coronal suture is a fibrous joint that connects the frontal bone with the parietal bones of the skull. It is a dense, immovable joint that helps to protect and support the brain. The coronal suture can be identified by its location, which is along the coronal plane of the skull, separating the frontal and parietal bones.

The correct answer is "Transverse Process, Transverse process, transverse process." This suggests that the bone marking being referred to is the transverse process. The repetition of the term "transverse process" in different cases (capitalized and lowercase) may indicate that the bone marking is being identified in multiple instances or locations within the skeletal system.

The statement that bones of the skull are fused together by gomphoses is false. Gomphoses are a type of joint that connects teeth to their sockets in the jawbone, not the bones of the skull. The bones of the skull are connected by sutures, which are fibrous joints that allow for slight movement and flexibility.

The answer to the question is "Vomer, vomer" because the question is asking to identify a bone, and the repeated word "vomer" indicates that the bone being referred to is the vomer bone.

Synovial joints are a type of diarthrotic joint that are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity and a synovial membrane. These joints allow for a wide range of movement and are found in the limbs and other parts of the body where mobility is important. Therefore, it is correct to classify structurally diarthrotic joints as synovial joints.

Hyaline cartilage is the correct answer because it is a type of connective tissue that is found in many joints. It is smooth and flexible, providing cushioning and reducing friction between bones. Hyaline cartilage is also found in the respiratory system, forming the rings of the trachea and lining the surfaces of the ribs and sternum. It is characterized by its translucent appearance and lack of blood vessels.

The question asks which of the given options does not compose the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The options listed - Throacic Cage, Hyoid, and Vertebral Column - are all parts of the axial skeleton. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of these" because all of the options listed compose the axial skeleton.

The hip joint is not an example of a saddle joint. A saddle joint is a type of joint that allows movement in two planes, similar to the movement of a rider on a saddle. The hip joint, on the other hand, is a ball-and-socket joint that allows movement in multiple directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Therefore, the statement is false.

The bone marking A is called the dens, also known as the odontoid process. It is a bony projection that extends from the axis vertebrae and allows for rotation of the head. The term "dens, dens" refers to the specific name and alternative name for this bone marking.

The hyoid bone does not articulate with the mandible. It is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, suspended by ligaments and muscles. It serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in swallowing and speech production, but it does not directly control the production of voice. Therefore, the statement is false.

The bone below is not a lumbar vertebrae.

The bone marking B is the External Acoustic Meatus. The external acoustic meatus refers to the opening in the temporal bone that leads to the ear canal. It is responsible for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear.

The bone marking C is the coronoid process. The repetition of the term "coronoid process" in different formats suggests that this is the correct answer. The coronoid process is a bony projection on the anterior surface of the ulna bone in the forearm. It serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in flexion of the elbow joint.

The correct answer is "Bursa, Bursae, bursa, bursae." Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs found in synovial joints where tendons cross one another. These structures help to reduce friction and provide cushioning between the tendons and the bones, allowing for smooth movement of the joint. The term "bursa" is singular, while "bursae" is plural. Therefore, the correct answer includes both the singular and plural forms of the term.

The bone marking B is the hard palate. The hard palate refers to the bony structure in the roof of the mouth that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It is composed of two bones, the maxilla and the palatine bones. The hard palate is important for speech and chewing, as well as providing support to the structures of the face and mouth.

The bone marking C is called the lacrimal fossa. This is a depression or hollow area in the lacrimal bone, which is located in the medial wall of the orbit (eye socket). The lacrimal fossa houses the lacrimal sac, which is part of the tear drainage system.

The question asks for the classification of joints that allow free movement. The options provided are Synovial Joints, Fibrous Joints, Synarthrotic Joints, and None of these. However, the correct answer is None of these because joints that allow free movement are actually classified as Diarthrotic Joints.