Veterinary Radiography

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Questions: 68 | Attempts: 3,113 | Updated: Oct 16, 2024

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These are the questions directly from the back of each chapter.
chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

radiography in veterinary technology (4th ed. ) - Lisa M Lavin

Questions and Answers

1.

The negatively charged particle of an atom is the:
- A.
  
  Proton
- B.
  
  Neutron
- C.
  
  Electron
- D.
  
  Nucleus
Correct Answer
C. Electron

Explanation
The negatively charged particle of an atom is the electron. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. The electron, on the other hand, orbits around the nucleus and carries a negative charge. It plays a crucial role in chemical reactions and determines the chemical properties of an element.

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2.

As x-rays pass through materials, they have the ability to:
- A.
  
  Cause some substances to fluoresce (emit visible light)
- B.
  
  Completely remove an electron from an atom, leaving the atom positively charged
- C.
  
  Cause chemical changes that can kill cells.
- D.
  
  All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the answers are correct

Explanation
X-rays have the ability to cause some substances to fluoresce by emitting visible light. They can also completely remove an electron from an atom, resulting in the atom becoming positively charged. Additionally, x-rays can cause chemical changes that have the potential to kill cells. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as x-rays possess all these abilities.

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3.

Which of the following statements is ture?
- A.
  
  X-rays with longer wavelengths penetrate farther than rays with shorter wavelengths
- B.
  
  X-rays with shorter wavelengths penetrate farther than rays with longer wavelengths
- C.
  
  Electromagnetic radiation with lower frequency has more penetrating power through space and matter
- D.
  
  Gamma rays are required for the production of a radiography
Correct Answer
B. X-rays with shorter wavelengths penetrate farther than rays with longer wavelengths

Explanation
X-rays with shorter wavelengths have higher energy and frequency compared to x-rays with longer wavelengths. This higher energy allows them to penetrate matter more easily and travel farther distances. Therefore, x-rays with shorter wavelengths penetrate farther than rays with longer wavelengths.

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4.

Electrons travel
- A.
  
  Toward the cathode in an x-ray tube
- B.
  
  Away from the anode in an x-ray tube
- C.
  
  Toward the anode in an x-ray tube
- D.
  
  Within the nucleus of an atom
Correct Answer
C. Toward the anode in an x-ray tube

Explanation
In an x-ray tube, electrons are accelerated towards the anode. The anode is the positively charged electrode, and the cathode is the negatively charged electrode. When a high voltage is applied across the tube, it creates an electric field that attracts the negatively charged electrons towards the positively charged anode. Therefore, the correct answer is "toward the anode in an x-ray tube."

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5.

In x-ray tubes, the majority of energy produced by the movement of electrons is in the form of
- A.
  
  Light
- B.
  
  Heat
- C.
  
  Sound
- D.
  
  X-ray energy
Correct Answer
B. Heat

Explanation
In x-ray tubes, the majority of energy produced by the movement of electrons is in the form of heat. This is because the high-speed electrons collide with the metal target, causing the atoms to vibrate and generate heat energy. While a small portion of the energy is emitted as x-rays, the main output is heat.

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6.

On the electromagnetic spectrum, in relation to visible light, x-rays
- A.
  
  Have a longer wavelength
- B.
  
  Have a lower frequency
- C.
  
  Have a shorter wavelength
- D.
  
  Are closer in wavelength to infrared rays than light waves
Correct Answer
C. Have a shorter wavelength

Explanation
X-rays have a shorter wavelength compared to visible light. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of various types of electromagnetic waves, with visible light being one of them. X-rays have a higher energy and shorter wavelength than visible light. This means that x-rays have a higher frequency and can penetrate through materials that visible light cannot. X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging and other applications where their ability to pass through the body or objects is beneficial.

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7.

Which contrast study is most commonly used to evaluate the kidneys and ureters?
- A.
  
  Barium swallow
- B.
  
  Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
- C.
  
  Arthrography
- D.
  
  Myelography
Correct Answer
B. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Explanation
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a specific type of X-ray examination that uses an iodine-based contrast material injected intravenously. This contrast agent is excreted by the kidneys and highlights the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, allowing for the visualization of their structure and function. This procedure is crucial for diagnosing various urinary tract issues, such as blockages, stones, or tumors. The other options listed are contrast studies used for evaluating different parts of the body:
Barium swallow: Used to examine the esophagus and stomach.
Arthrography: Used to visualize joints.
Myelography: Used to image the spinal cord.

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8.

X-ray electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line, the direction of which can be altered
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
the new direction, however, is also in a straight line

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9.

A radiograph is synonymous with an x-ray
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
a radiograph is the radiographic record of an object on film produced by the passage of x-rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation, through the object.

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10.

Filaments located in an x-ray tube
- A.
  
  Are made of molybdenum
- B.
  
  Must have a low melting point and low atomic number
- C.
  
  Are found in the anode
- D.
  
  Emit electrons when heated
Correct Answer
D. Emit electrons when heated

Explanation
The filaments located in an x-ray tube emit electrons when heated. When the filament is heated, it releases electrons through a process called thermionic emission. These emitted electrons are then accelerated towards the anode, creating the electron beam necessary for generating x-rays. This process is crucial for the functioning of an x-ray tube and the production of x-rays for medical imaging or other applications.

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11.

The anode's target
- A.
  
  Is composed of tungsten
- B.
  
  Reaches temperatures in excess of 1000*C during x-ray production
- C.
  
  Usually has a copper base
- D.
  
  All the answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All the answers are correct

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that all the statements provided are correct. The anode's target is indeed composed of tungsten, which is a material known for its high melting point and ability to withstand high temperatures. During x-ray production, the anode's target does reach temperatures in excess of 1000°C. Additionally, it is common for the anode's target to have a copper base, which helps with heat dissipation. Therefore, all the answers provided are accurate.

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12.

Which of the following are limitations of the stationary anode?
- A.
  
  The target is made of tungsten
- B.
  
  It is unable to withstand large amount of heat
- C.
  
  If the target becomes pitted, radiographs appear darker
- D.
  
  It is limited to a larger focal spot to accommodate higher temperatures
Correct Answer
B. It is unable to withstand large amount of heat

Explanation
The limitation of the stationary anode being unable to withstand a large amount of heat is due to the fact that the target is made of tungsten. Tungsten has a high melting point, but it still has its limits. When the anode is exposed to high levels of heat, it can cause damage to the target, leading to a shorter lifespan and potential failure. This limitation restricts the amount of heat that can be generated and, therefore, limits the power and efficiency of the X-ray machine.

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13.

How can the technician help to prolong the life of the filament in the x-ray tube
- A.
  
  Enter the proper exposure settings in the control panel before the final positioning of the animal
- B.
  
  Leave the x-ray unit on at all times to ensure that the filament is heated when the radiograph is requested
- C.
  
  Always leave the x-ray unit in the standby mode
- D.
  
  The technician can do nothing because filament defects are largely the fault of the manufacturer
Correct Answer
A. Enter the proper exposure settings in the control panel before the final positioning of the animal

Explanation
The technician can help to prolong the life of the filament in the x-ray tube by entering the proper exposure settings in the control panel before the final positioning of the animal. This ensures that the x-ray tube is only activated when necessary and prevents unnecessary wear and tear on the filament. By setting the exposure correctly beforehand, the technician can minimize the risk of overheating and extend the lifespan of the filament.

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14.

Which of the following are pssible effects of excessive heat within an x-ray tube
- A.
  
  Bearing failure and decreased anode speed
- B.
  
  Roughened target surface
- C.
  
  Arcing
- D.
  
  All answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All answers are correct

Explanation
Excessive heat within an x-ray tube can lead to various effects. Bearing failure and decreased anode speed can occur due to the increased temperature, causing the bearings to wear out and the anode to slow down. The target surface can become roughened as a result of the heat, leading to decreased image quality. Arcing, which is the discharge of electricity, can also happen due to the excessive heat. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they represent possible effects of excessive heat within an x-ray tube.

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15.

A small amount of air within the glass envelope is beneficial because it helps to dissipate heat.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Air molecules interfere with the path of electrons, thus decreasing the number of electrons reaching the target.

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16.

Veterinary patients have a tendency to move while being positined for radiographs to be taken. the radiographer should help to safely prevent artifacts of movement by:
- A.
  
  Using the shortest exposure time possible
- B.
  
  Altering the direction in which the x-rays move
- C.
  
  Selecting a longer exposure time than is recommended
- D.
  
  Sedating all patients before taking radiographs
Correct Answer
A. Using the shortest exposure time possible

Explanation
Using the shortest exposure time possible helps to prevent artifacts of movement in radiographs. A shorter exposure time reduces the likelihood of blurring caused by patient movement during the imaging process. By minimizing the time it takes to capture the image, the radiographer can increase the chances of obtaining a clear and accurate radiograph.

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17.

Which of the following is recommended to reduce unnecessary irradiation of the patient or persons restraining the patient and to decrease scatter radiation?
- A.
  
  Opening the collimator as wide as possible
- B.
  
  Placement of a lead apron over the area of interest on the patient
- C.
  
  Selection of full-wave rectification as opposed to half-wave rectification on the control panel
- D.
  
  Adjustment of the collimator so that the smallest filed size possible is used
Correct Answer
D. Adjustment of the collimator so that the smallest filed size possible is used

Explanation
The correct answer is the adjustment of the collimator so that the smallest field size possible is used. The collimator is a device that controls the size and shape of the x-ray beam. By adjusting it to the smallest field size possible, unnecessary irradiation of the patient or persons restraining the patient can be reduced. This helps to minimize the exposure to radiation and decreases scatter radiation, which can be harmful. Opening the collimator as wide as possible would have the opposite effect, increasing unnecessary irradiation. Placement of a lead apron over the area of interest on the patient and selection of full-wave rectification are not directly related to reducing unnecessary irradiation.

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18.

X-ray tube ratings are based on target angle, focal spot size, electrical current (single- or three-phase operation) and:
- A.
  
  Rectification
- B.
  
  Its alloy composition
- C.
  
  Anode speed
- D.
  
  Type of filament
Correct Answer
C. Anode speed

Explanation
The ratings of an x-ray tube are based on various factors such as the target angle, focal spot size, electrical current, and anode speed. The anode speed refers to the rotational speed of the anode in the x-ray tube. This parameter is important as it affects the heat dissipation capability of the anode. Higher anode speeds allow for increased heat dissipation, which is crucial in preventing overheating and prolonging the lifespan of the x-ray tube. Therefore, anode speed is an important consideration in determining the ratings of an x-ray tube.

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19.

The advantages of using an x-ray machine with a three-phase generator as opposed to a single-phase generator include:
- A.
  
  Creation of more low-energy electrons bombarding the target, thus producing less heat
- B.
  
  Use of shorter exposure times because more power is available to the x-ray tube per unit time
- C.
  
  Production of more low-energy x-rays so that radiation quality is increased
- D.
  
  Generation of considerably higher intensity of the x-radiation
Correct Answer
D. Generation of considerably higher intensity of the x-radiation

Explanation
Using an x-ray machine with a three-phase generator instead of a single-phase generator results in the generation of considerably higher intensity of the x-radiation. This is because a three-phase generator provides a more stable and consistent power supply to the x-ray tube, allowing it to produce a higher quantity of x-rays. This increased intensity of radiation is beneficial in medical imaging as it improves the clarity and detail of the resulting x-ray images, making it easier for healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat patients.

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20.

Which of the follwoing is a type of somatic damage cuased by radiation?
- A.
  
  Gene mutation
- B.
  
  Cataracts
- C.
  
  Sterility
- D.
  
  None of these answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Cataracts

Explanation
This is a question directly from the back of the book and it says the answer if cataracts..
My problem is that in Ch 3 pg 25 it states: "Examples of somatic damage include cancer, cataracts, aplastic anemia, and STERILITY. "
So feel like both answers are correct.

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21.

Which statement is true?
- A.
  
  The body's cells are all approximately equally sensitive to radiation
- B.
  
  Ionizing radiation only damages chromosomal material (DNA) within reproductive cells
- C.
  
  Chemical restraint of veterinary patients is prohibited by NCRP in the United States
- D.
  
  Genetic damage is not detectable until future generations are produced
Correct Answer
D. Genetic damage is not detectable until future generations are produced

Explanation
Genetic damage is not detectable until future generations are produced because the effects of radiation on DNA may not be immediately apparent. It can take several generations for the genetic damage to manifest and become detectable. This is because mutations in DNA can be passed on to offspring, and it may take several generations for these mutations to accumulate and result in visible genetic damage or abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to consider the long-term effects of radiation exposure on future generations.

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1
22.

What is the upper limit of exposure that an occupationaly exposed individual may receive according to state and federal regulations?
- A.
  
  0.5 Sv/year
- B.
  
  100 rem/year
- C.
  
  0.05 Sv/year
- D.
  
  0.005 Sv/year
Correct Answer
C. 0.05 Sv/year

Explanation
According to state and federal regulations, the upper limit of exposure that an occupationally exposed individual may receive is 0.05 Sv/year. This limit is set to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals working in occupations with potential exposure to radiation. By adhering to this limit, the risk of harmful effects from radiation is minimized, and the individual's health is protected.

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23.

All of the following are true, EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  Animals' cells are not as susceptible to damage from irradiation as human cells
- B.
  
  Radiation can affect the body's ability to produce red and white blood cells
- C.
  
  Exposure to radiation can affect the lens by causing cataracts
- D.
  
  Individuals younger than 18 years of age may not assist with animal restraint while radiographs are taken
Correct Answer
A. Animals' cells are not as susceptible to damage from irradiation as human cells

Explanation
Animals' cells are not as susceptible to damage from irradiation as human cells. This statement implies that animals' cells are less affected by radiation compared to human cells. However, this is not true. Radiation can damage the cells of both animals and humans. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

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24.

A film badge
- A.
  
  Is a type of pocket ionization chamber
- B.
  
  Is a type of dosimeter designed to monitor the actual amount of radiation received
- C.
  
  Must always be worn on the collar
- D.
  
  Should always be submitted weekly to determine the level of exposure
Correct Answer
B. Is a type of dosimeter designed to monitor the actual amount of radiation received

Explanation
A film badge is a type of dosimeter designed to monitor the actual amount of radiation received. It is not a pocket ionization chamber, as stated in the first option. It is also not necessary to always wear the film badge on the collar, as mentioned in the third option. Additionally, the film badge does not need to be submitted weekly to determine the level of exposure, as stated in the fourth option. The correct answer describes the film badge as a dosimeter that monitors radiation levels.

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25.

What type of dosimeter can be stored for years, maintains its information, and can be reused
- A.
  
  Pocket ionization chamber
- B.
  
  Collimator
- C.
  
  Thermoluminescent dosimeter
- D.
  
  Film badge
Correct Answer
C. Thermoluminescent dosimeter

Explanation
A thermoluminescent dosimeter is a type of dosimeter that can be stored for years without losing its information. It is designed to measure and record the amount of radiation exposure an individual has received. The dosimeter contains a material that emits light when heated, allowing the stored information to be read and analyzed. Unlike other types of dosimeters, such as a film badge or pocket ionization chamber, a thermoluminescent dosimeter can be reused multiple times, making it a cost-effective and efficient option for long-term radiation monitoring.

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26.

Which of the following statements is true?
- A.
  
  Veterinary personnel who restrain animals for radiographs are often exposed to the primary beam
- B.
  
  Scatter radiation can be reduced by the collimator
- C.
  
  Aluminum filtration helps to increase soft, less-penetrating x-rays thus increasing the quality of the radiograph
- D.
  
  Scatter radiation is produced by the primary beam interacting with the anode
Correct Answer
B. Scatter radiation can be reduced by the collimator

Explanation
The collimator is a device used in radiography to limit the size and shape of the X-ray beam. By reducing the size of the beam, the collimator helps to minimize scatter radiation. Scatter radiation refers to the radiation that is deflected or scattered in different directions when it interacts with the patient's body. By reducing scatter radiation, the collimator helps to improve the quality of the radiograph by reducing unwanted image blurring and improving image contrast. Therefore, the statement "scatter radiation can be reduced by the collimator" is true.

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27.

Scatter depends on:
- A.
  
  The intensity of the beam
- B.
  
  The composition of the structure being radiographed
- C.
  
  Kilovoltage (kVp) level
- D.
  
  All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the answers are correct

Explanation
Scatter refers to the radiation that is deflected from its original path during the radiographic process. It is influenced by various factors, including the intensity of the beam, the composition of the structure being radiographed, and the kilovoltage (kVp) level. All of these factors can contribute to the amount and distribution of scatter radiation produced. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct in explaining the factors that scatter depends on.

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28.

the most conclusive method used to inspect leadlined gloves and aprons for cracks and defects is
- A.
  
  Taking a radiograph of it
- B.
  
  Holding it up to the sunlight or a bright light
- C.
  
  Inspecting it manually
Correct Answer
A. Taking a radiograpH of it

Explanation
Taking a radiograph of lead-lined gloves and aprons is the most conclusive method for inspecting them for cracks and defects. This is because a radiograph can reveal any hidden or internal damage that may not be visible to the naked eye. By using X-rays or other imaging techniques, a radiograph can provide a detailed image of the item, allowing for a thorough inspection of its integrity. This method is more reliable and accurate compared to holding it up to sunlight or inspecting it manually, as it can identify even the smallest cracks or defects.

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29.

What is the thickness of a the lead-impregnated rubber lining protective apparel in veterinary radiography?
- A.
  
  1 cm
- B.
  
  10mm
- C.
  
  0.5 mm
- D.
  
  0.5
Correct Answer
C. 0.5 mm

Explanation
The correct answer is 0.5 mm. This is the thickness of the lead-impregnated rubber lining in the protective apparel used in veterinary radiography. This lining is designed to provide shielding against radiation exposure during procedures, ensuring the safety of both the veterinary staff and the animals being treated.

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30.

Ways to decrease the number of peronnel in the radiology suite include:
- A.
  
  Using higher kVp setting
- B.
  
  Using longer time setting with a higher mA setting
- C.
  
  Sedating patients
- D.
  
  None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
C. Sedating patients

Explanation
Sedating patients can decrease the number of personnel in the radiology suite because sedation helps patients to remain calm and still during the procedure. When patients are sedated, they are less likely to move or require constant monitoring and assistance from the personnel. This allows the radiology team to focus on the procedure without the need for additional personnel to manage patient movement or anxiety. Sedation can therefore streamline the workflow and reduce the number of personnel required in the radiology suite.

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31.

Ways to increase penetrating power of the x-rays include:
- A.
  
  Increasing kVp
- B.
  
  Increasing the time setting
- C.
  
  Increasing the termoionic emission
- D.
  
  Increasing mAs
Correct Answer
A. Increasing kVp

Explanation
Increasing the kilovoltage peak (kVp) in X-ray imaging increases the penetrating power of the X-rays. The kVp determines the energy level of the X-ray beam, and higher energy X-rays can penetrate deeper into the body. This increased penetration allows for better imaging of dense structures or thicker body parts. By increasing the kVp, the X-rays can effectively pass through the body, resulting in clearer and more detailed images.

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32.

The milliamperage-seconds (mAs) for 1000mA and 1/10 sec is:
- A.
  
  10 mAs
- B.
  
  10000 mAs
- C.
  
  100 mAs
- D.
  
  1 mAs
Correct Answer
C. 100 mAs

Explanation
The milliamperage-seconds (mAs) is a measure of the total amount of X-ray radiation produced during an exposure. It is calculated by multiplying the milliamperage (mA) by the exposure time in seconds (s). In this case, the mA is given as 1000mA and the exposure time is 1/10 sec. To calculate the mAs, we multiply 1000mA by 1/10 sec, which gives us 100 mAs. Therefore, the correct answer is 100 mAs.

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33.

Which of the following is essential for minimizing motion blur in veterinary radiographs?
- A.
  
  Using a high kVp (kilovoltage peak) setting
- B.
  
  Increasing the object-film distance (OFD)
- C.
  
  Using a short exposure time
- D.
  
  Decreasing the mAs (milliampere-seconds) setting
Correct Answer
C. Using a short exposure time

Explanation
Motion blur is a common issue in radiography, especially when imaging moving animals. A short exposure time minimizes the time the X-rays are emitted, reducing the chance of movement during the image capture. This helps ensure a sharp and clear image, allowing for accurate diagnosis and assessment. High kVp and increased OFD can affect image quality but don't directly address motion blur. Decreasing mAs can reduce exposure but may result in an underexposed image.

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34.

The source-image distance:
- A.
  
  Is directly proportional to the intensity of the x-radiation
- B.
  
  Must be considered each time the control panel is set
- C.
  
  Changes only a few inches between patients and is negligible
- D.
  
  Most commonly ranges from 36 to 40 cm in veterinary practices
Correct Answer
B. Must be considered each time the control panel is set

Explanation
The correct answer is "must be considered each time the control panel is set." This means that the source-image distance, which refers to the distance between the x-ray source and the image receptor, needs to be taken into account every time the control panel is adjusted. This is important because the source-image distance affects the quality and clarity of the x-ray image. Adjusting the control panel without considering the source-image distance can lead to improper exposure and inaccurate diagnosis.

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35.

One percent of the energy produced at the anode is in the form of
- A.
  
  Heat
- B.
  
  X-rays
- C.
  
  Sound
- D.
  
  None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. X-rays

Explanation
When electric current passes through an anode, some of the energy is converted into heat, x-rays, and sound. However, the question specifically asks for the percentage of energy produced in the form of x-rays. Therefore, the correct answer is x-rays.

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36.

The temperature of the filament within the cathode is controlled by
- A.
  
  Time setting
- B.
  
  The source-image distance
- C.
  
  KVp setting
- D.
  
  MA setting
Correct Answer
D. MA setting

Explanation
The temperature of the filament within the cathode is controlled by the mA setting. The mA setting determines the amount of current flowing through the filament, which in turn affects the temperature. By adjusting the mA setting, the operator can regulate the temperature of the filament, ensuring optimal conditions for the generation of X-rays.

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37.

Which is a characterisitc of x-rays
- A.
  
  Their total number produced is determined by kVp
- B.
  
  Longer wavelengths have more penetrating power
- C.
  
  Their intensity increases as SID decreases
- D.
  
  They diverge from a light source
Correct Answer
C. Their intensity increases as SID decreases

Explanation
As the source-to-image distance (SID) decreases, the intensity of x-rays increases. This is because the x-ray beam becomes more concentrated and focused, resulting in a higher intensity of radiation. The intensity of x-rays is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, meaning that as the distance decreases, the intensity increases exponentially. Therefore, when the SID decreases, the intensity of x-rays increases.

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38.

The potential difference between the anode and chathode is measured in
- A.
  
  Kilovolts
- B.
  
  Calipers
- C.
  
  Milliamperes
- D.
  
  Centimeters
Correct Answer
A. Kilovolts

Explanation
The potential difference between the anode and cathode is measured in kilovolts. Kilovolts (kV) is a unit of electrical potential difference or voltage commonly used to measure high voltages in various applications, including in electronic devices, power systems, and medical equipment. It represents a thousand volts and is used to indicate the magnitude of the potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit.

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39.

A higher kVp setting allows for a ________ mAs and ___________ exposure time
- A.
  
  Higher; lower
- B.
  
  Lower; higher
- C.
  
  Lower; lower
- D.
  
  Higher; higher
Correct Answer
C. Lower; lower

Explanation
A higher kVp setting allows for a lower mAs and lower exposure time. This is because kVp controls the quality or penetrating power of the x-ray beam, while mAs determines the quantity or amount of x-rays produced. By increasing the kVp, the x-ray beam becomes more penetrating, requiring less mAs to achieve the desired image. This results in a lower mAs and shorter exposure time.

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40.

Which of the following increases radiographic density
- A.
  
  Thicker body parts
- B.
  
  Increased mAs
- C.
  
  Increased density of the body part being radiographed
- D.
  
  Decreased kVp
Correct Answer
B. Increased mAs

Explanation
Increasing the mAs (milliamperage-seconds) in radiography increases the radiographic density. Radiographic density refers to the overall darkness or blackness of the image on the radiograph. Increasing the mAs increases the number of X-ray photons produced, resulting in a higher density or darker image. This is because higher mAs allows more X-ray photons to pass through the body and reach the detector, leading to an increase in the overall density of the radiograph.

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41.

Which of the following radiographs should have the shortest scale of contrast
- A.
  
  Abdomen
- B.
  
  Thorax
- C.
  
  Femur
- D.
  
  All are approximately equal
Correct Answer
C. Femur

Explanation
The femur should have the shortest scale of contrast among the given options. This is because the femur is a dense bone, which means it will absorb more X-rays and appear whiter on the radiograph. A shorter scale of contrast means that there is a smaller difference between the shades of gray on the image, resulting in less variation in the density of the structures. Since the femur is a dense bone, it will have less variation in shades of gray compared to the abdomen or thorax, which contain a combination of bones, soft tissues, and air-filled structures.

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42.

High subject contrast __________ radiographic contrast
- A.
  
  Increases
- B.
  
  Decreases
Correct Answer
A. Increases

Explanation
The statement suggests that there is a relationship between high subject contrast and radiographic contrast. The word "increases" indicates that as the subject contrast increases, the radiographic contrast also increases. This means that when there is a greater difference in density or opacity between different areas of the subject being imaged, it will result in a higher contrast image. This can be helpful in highlighting and distinguishing different structures or abnormalities in the radiograph.

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43.

If kVp is too low for an abdominal radiograph, which of teh following will be evident on a radiograph
- A.
  
  No distinct difference exists among anatomic organs
- B.
  
  The penetrating power is weak, and x-rays cannot penetrate the patient
- C.
  
  The radiograph will have a "soot and white-washed" appearance (gray and white
- D.
  
  All answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All answers are correct

Explanation
If the kVp is too low for an abdominal radiograph, all of the given options will be evident on the radiograph. There will be no distinct difference among anatomic organs, indicating poor tissue contrast. The penetrating power of the x-rays will be weak, and they will not be able to penetrate the patient adequately, resulting in a lack of image detail. The radiograph will have a "soot and white-washed" appearance, appearing gray and white. Therefore, all of the answers are correct in this scenario.

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44.

The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation is
- A.
  
  KVp
- B.
  
  MAs
- C.
  
  Increased exposure time
- D.
  
  The collimator setting
Correct Answer
A. KVp

Explanation
The correct answer is kVp. kVp, or kilovoltage peak, is the primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation. Scatter radiation occurs when the primary x-ray beam interacts with the patient's body, causing the photons to change direction. By increasing the kVp, the x-ray beam becomes more penetrating, reducing the amount of scatter radiation produced. This is because higher kVp values result in a greater proportion of the x-ray photons passing through the patient without interaction, leading to a clearer image with less scatter.

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45.

What do grids contain that controls scatter radiation
- A.
  
  Molybdenum
- B.
  
  Aluminum
- C.
  
  Silver
- D.
  
  Lead
Correct Answer
D. Lead

Explanation
Lead is used in grids to control scatter radiation in imaging systems. Scatter radiation occurs when X-rays interact with the patient's body and change direction, leading to a loss of image quality and increased radiation exposure. Lead is a dense material that effectively absorbs and blocks these scattered X-rays, allowing only the primary X-ray beam to pass through and reach the detector. This helps to improve image contrast and reduce the amount of radiation that reaches the patient, making lead an essential component in grid design.

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46.

Where is a grid located
- A.
  
  Between the patient and the cassette
- B.
  
  In the anode
- C.
  
  In the cathode
- D.
  
  The radiographer wears it on the hand or collar
Correct Answer
A. Between the patient and the cassette

Explanation
The grid is located between the patient and the cassette. A grid is a device used in radiography to reduce scatter radiation, which can cause image blurring and decrease image quality. It consists of thin lead strips that are separated by radiolucent material. When placed between the patient and the cassette, the grid absorbs scattered radiation before it reaches the image receptor, resulting in a clearer and more accurate image.

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47.

Which grid ratio can absorb more scatter radiation
- A.
  
  6:1
- B.
  
  8:1
- C.
  
  1:6
- D.
  
  2:1
Correct Answer
B. 8:1

Explanation
The grid ratio of 8:1 can absorb more scatter radiation compared to the other options. A higher grid ratio means that there are more lead strips per inch, which helps to reduce scatter radiation by absorbing more of it. The higher the grid ratio, the more effective it is at removing scatter radiation and improving image quality. Therefore, the grid ratio of 8:1 is the best option for absorbing more scatter radiation.

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48.

to prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must
- A.
  
  Be as parallel to the film as possible
- B.
  
  Be as close to the film as possible
- C.
  
  Be as close to the x-ray tube as possible
Correct Answer(s)
A. Be as parallel to the film as possible
B. Be as close to the film as possible

Explanation
In order to prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must be as parallel to the film as possible. This is because when the patient is parallel to the film, the x-rays pass through the object in a straight line, resulting in a more accurate representation of the object's size and shape on the film. Additionally, the patient must be as close to the film as possible to minimize the distance the x-rays have to travel, which reduces the potential for magnification and distortion. Being close to the x-ray tube is not necessary for preventing magnification and distortion.

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49.

If a dog is being radiographed for hip dysplasia, what phenomenon will occur if the femurs are not parallel to the film?
- A.
  
  Foreshortening
- B.
  
  Elongation
- C.
  
  Grid cutoff
- D.
  
  Contrast
Correct Answer
A. Foreshortening

Explanation
If the femurs are not parallel to the film during a radiograph for hip dysplasia in a dog, the phenomenon that will occur is foreshortening. Foreshortening happens when an object is not positioned parallel to the imaging plane, causing it to appear shorter or compressed in the image. In this case, if the femurs are not parallel to the film, they will appear shorter than their actual length, potentially leading to misinterpretation of the hip dysplasia condition.

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50.

The conversion of x-radiation into visible light occurs via
- A.
  
  Double-emulsion x-ray film
- B.
  
  The processor
- C.
  
  Intensifying screens
- D.
  
  The cassette
Correct Answer
C. Intensifying screens

Explanation
Intensifying screens are used in radiography to convert x-rays into visible light. When x-rays pass through the patient's body and reach the intensifying screens, they interact with the phosphor crystals in the screens. This interaction causes the phosphor crystals to emit visible light, which is then captured by the film or digital detector, resulting in the formation of the radiographic image. Therefore, intensifying screens play a crucial role in converting x-radiation into visible light for the creation of radiographic images.

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Feb 24, 2012

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Veterinary Radiography

The negatively charged particle of an atom is the:

As x-rays pass through materials, they have the ability to:

Which of the following statements is ture?

Electrons travel

In x-ray tubes, the majority of energy produced by the movement of electrons is in the form of

On the electromagnetic spectrum, in relation to visible light, x-rays

Which contrast study is most commonly used to evaluate the kidneys and ureters?

X-ray electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line, the direction of which can be altered

A radiograph is synonymous with an x-ray

Filaments located in an x-ray tube

The anode's target

Which of the following are limitations of the stationary anode?

How can the technician help to prolong the life of the filament in the x-ray tube

Which of the following are pssible effects of excessive heat within an x-ray tube

A small amount of air within the glass envelope is beneficial because it helps to dissipate heat.

Veterinary patients have a tendency to move while being positined for radiographs to be taken. the radiographer should help to safely prevent artifacts of movement by:

Which of the following is recommended to reduce unnecessary irradiation of the patient or persons restraining the patient and to decrease scatter radiation?

X-ray tube ratings are based on target angle, focal spot size, electrical current (single- or three-phase operation) and:

The advantages of using an x-ray machine with a three-phase generator as opposed to a single-phase generator include:

Which of the follwoing is a type of somatic damage cuased by radiation?

Which statement is true?

What is the upper limit of exposure that an occupationaly exposed individual may receive according to state and federal regulations?

All of the following are true, EXCEPT:

A film badge

What type of dosimeter can be stored for years, maintains its information, and can be reused

Which of the following statements is true?

Scatter depends on:

the most conclusive method used to inspect leadlined gloves and aprons for cracks and defects is

What is the thickness of a the lead-impregnated rubber lining protective apparel in veterinary radiography?

Ways to decrease the number of peronnel in the radiology suite include:

Ways to increase penetrating power of the x-rays include:

The milliamperage-seconds (mAs) for 1000mA and 1/10 sec is:

Which of the following is essential for minimizing motion blur in veterinary radiographs?

The source-image distance:

One percent of the energy produced at the anode is in the form of

The temperature of the filament within the cathode is controlled by

Which is a characterisitc of x-rays

The potential difference between the anode and chathode is measured in

A higher kVp setting allows for a ________ mAs and ___________ exposure time

Which of the following increases radiographic density

Which of the following radiographs should have the shortest scale of contrast

High subject contrast __________ radiographic contrast

If kVp is too low for an abdominal radiograph, which of teh following will be evident on a radiograph

The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation is

What do grids contain that controls scatter radiation

Where is a grid located

Which grid ratio can absorb more scatter radiation

to prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must

If a dog is being radiographed for hip dysplasia, what phenomenon will occur if the femurs are not parallel to the film?

The conversion of x-radiation into visible light occurs via

A higher kVp setting allows for a mAs and ___ exposure time