1.
What are the four main vital signs?
Correct Answer
B. BP, Respiration, Temp, Pulse
Explanation
The four main vital signs are blood pressure (BP), respiration rate, temperature, and pulse rate. These measurements provide important information about a person's overall health and help healthcare professionals assess their condition. Blood pressure indicates the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries, while respiration rate measures the number of breaths taken per minute. Temperature reflects the body's internal balance, and pulse rate indicates the heart's beats per minute. Together, these vital signs offer valuable insights into a person's cardiovascular and respiratory health, as well as their body's overall functioning.
2.
Pulse is considered to be the fifth vital sign.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Pulse is not considered to be the fifth vital sign. The four vital signs are body temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Pulse is a component of heart rate and is measured by counting the number of times the heart beats per minute. While pulse is an important indicator of overall health, it is not classified as a separate vital sign.
3.
Select all that apply for body temperature.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reflects the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost in the body.
D. Core temp remains relatively constant.
Explanation
Body temperature reflects the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost in the body. It is a measure of the body's ability to regulate its internal temperature. The core temperature remains relatively constant.
4.
What are the factors that affect body heat production? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Basal metabolism
C. Shivering
D. Thyroxine
Explanation
Basal metabolism refers to the energy expended by the body at rest, which contributes to body heat production. Shivering is a physiological response where muscles contract rapidly to generate heat. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and influences body heat production. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of air or fluid.
5.
The skin has more receptors for cold than warmth. True or False?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The skin has more receptors for cold than warmth because our body has evolved to prioritize detecting and responding to potential threats such as extreme cold temperatures. Cold receptors, also known as thermoreceptors, are more abundant in the skin to quickly detect and transmit signals to the brain, triggering responses like shivering or seeking warmth. This heightened sensitivity to cold helps ensure our survival by allowing us to take appropriate actions to protect ourselves from potentially dangerous cold environments.
6.
What is Pyrexia?
Correct Answer
B. A body temp that is above normal
Explanation
Pyrexia refers to a body temperature that is above normal. This condition is commonly known as fever and is often a sign of an underlying infection or inflammation in the body. When the body detects these abnormalities, it raises its temperature to help fight off the invading pathogens or aid in the healing process. Therefore, pyrexia is characterized by an elevated body temperature rather than being within the normal range or below normal.
7.
How does the body temperature behave during an intermittent fever?
Correct Answer
D. The body temp alternates regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temps.
Explanation
During an intermittent fever, the body temperature fluctuates regularly between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. This means that there are short febrile periods of a few days, followed by periods of normal temperatures lasting to days. Throughout this cycle, the body temperature may fluctuate minimally but always remains above normal.
8.
- What is the most accurate and useful method to measure body temperature?
Correct Answer
B. Rectal
Explanation
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most accurate and reliable method to measure body temperature. This is because the rectal area is close to the core of the body, providing a more accurate reflection of internal body temperature. Additionally, rectal measurements are not affected by external factors such as environmental temperature or sweating, making it a more consistent method. However, it is important to note that rectal measurements may not be suitable for all individuals and situations, and alternative methods like oral, axillary, or temporal measurements may be used depending on the circumstances.
9.
What are the stages of fever in the right order?
Correct Answer
A. Onset, course, and abatement
Explanation
The stages of fever occur in a specific order, starting with the onset of the fever, followed by the course of the fever where the temperature rises and symptoms may worsen, and finally the abatement stage where the fever begins to subside and symptoms improve. This sequence allows for a gradual progression and eventual resolution of the fever.
10.
What is the heart rate in a tachycardic patient?
Correct Answer
D. 100 bpm and over
Explanation
The correct answer is " bpm and over." Tachycardia refers to a condition where the heart rate is faster than normal. In this case, a tachycardic patient would have a heart rate of beats per minute or more. This can be caused by various factors such as stress, exercise, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Monitoring the heart rate is important in identifying and managing tachycardia, as it can lead to symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, and even more serious complications if left untreated.
11.
What is considered a normal adult resting heart rate?
Correct Answer
B. 60-100 beats per minute
Explanation
A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. This range indicates a healthy heart function and efficient cardiovascular performance. Factors such as fitness level, age, and individual health conditions can influence heart rate.
12.
What is the normal range for adult systolic blood pressure?
Correct Answer
A. 90-120 mm Hg
Explanation
The systolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. A normal range for adult systolic blood pressure is between 90 and 120 mm Hg. Maintaining blood pressure within this range is important for preventing cardiovascular diseases and other health issues.
13.
Which vital sign is measured using a sphygmomanometer?
Correct Answer
C. Blood pressure
Explanation
A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. Blood pressure readings provide critical information about cardiovascular health.
14.
What is the average normal body temperature for a healthy adult in Celsius?
Correct Answer
C. 37.0°C
Explanation
The average normal body temperature for a healthy adult is approximately 37.0°C (98.6°F). This temperature can vary slightly depending on the time of day, physical activity, and individual differences, but 37.0°C is generally considered the standard.
15.
Which of the following respiratory rates is considered normal for a resting adult?
Correct Answer
B. 12-20 breaths per minute
Explanation
A normal respiratory rate for a resting adult is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. This range indicates that the respiratory system is functioning properly and providing sufficient oxygen to the body while removing carbon dioxide efficiently.