1.
What type of compounds are vitamins?
Correct Answer
D. Complex organic
Explanation
Vitamins are classified as complex organic compounds. This is because they are organic molecules that are essential for the proper functioning of the body. They are complex in nature because they contain multiple carbon atoms and often have intricate structures. Additionally, vitamins are required in small amounts for various metabolic processes and cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities, hence they need to be obtained through diet or supplementation.
2.
How do plants manufacture vitamins
Correct Answer
A. Photosynthesis
Explanation
Plants manufacture vitamins through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose, which is then converted into various vitamins and other organic compounds. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight energy and converts it into chemical energy. Therefore, photosynthesis is the correct answer as it explains how plants produce vitamins.
3.
Vitamins exist in what two forms
Correct Answer
water soluble and fat soluble, fat and water soluble, fat soluble and water soluble
Explanation
The correct answer is "water soluble and fat soluble". Vitamins can exist in two forms: water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are easily excreted from the body, such as vitamin C and B vitamins. Fat soluble vitamins, on the other hand, dissolve in fat and are stored in the body's fatty tissues, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K.
4.
Vitamins can supply energy and contribute to body mass
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Vitamins do not supply energy to the body. They are essential nutrients that help the body carry out various functions such as growth, development, and metabolism. While vitamins are necessary for overall health, they do not directly contribute to body mass or provide energy in the form of calories. Energy is primarily obtained from macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Therefore, the statement that vitamins can supply energy and contribute to body mass is false.
5.
If vitamins taken in excess can be stored in
Correct Answer
fat tissue
Explanation
When vitamins are consumed in excess, they can be stored in different parts of the body, including fat tissue, fat, and body fat. This is because vitamins are fat-soluble, meaning they dissolve in fat rather than water. When the body has more vitamins than it needs, it can store them in fat cells for later use. This storage mechanism allows the body to maintain a reserve of vitamins, ensuring that it has an adequate supply even when dietary intake is insufficient.
6.
Excess fat soluble vitamins intake has a high potential for toxicity
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Excess intake of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity because these vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and can accumulate to harmful levels. Unlike water-soluble vitamins that are easily excreted in urine, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are not easily eliminated from the body. Therefore, consuming excessive amounts of these vitamins through supplements or fortified foods can result in a buildup of toxic levels, causing adverse effects on health. It is important to consume these vitamins in moderation and consult a healthcare professional for proper dosage.
7.
Water soluble vitamins in excess have a low potential for toxicity
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, are easily absorbed and excreted by the body. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in large amounts in the body and any excess is typically eliminated through urine. This means that consuming excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins is unlikely to lead to toxicity. Therefore, the statement that water-soluble vitamins in excess have a low potential for toxicity is true.
8.
Excess water-soluble vitamins are excreted through the
Correct Answer
urine
Explanation
Excess water-soluble vitamins are excreted through urine because these vitamins are not stored in the body and any excess amount is eliminated through the kidneys. Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, dissolve in water and are easily excreted. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in the body's fatty tissues, water-soluble vitamins are not stored and any excess is removed from the body through urine. This is why it is important to consume these vitamins regularly as they cannot be stored for future use.
9.
B1 vitamins is
Correct Answer
D. Thiamin
Explanation
Thiamin is the correct answer because it is one of the B1 vitamins. B1 vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in energy metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system. Thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, helps convert food into energy and is essential for the proper functioning of the heart, muscles, and nervous system. It is commonly found in foods such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, and pork.
10.
Vitamin B2 is also known as
Correct Answer
A. Riboflavin
Explanation
Vitamin B2 is also known as riboflavin.
11.
Vitamin B3 is
Correct Answer
C. Niacin
Explanation
Niacin is a form of vitamin B3. It plays a vital role in converting food into energy and helps maintain the health of the nervous system, skin, and digestive system. Niacin also helps lower cholesterol levels and can be found in various foods such as meat, fish, nuts, and grains. It is an essential nutrient for overall health and well-being.
12.
Vitamin B5 is also known as
Correct Answer
D. Pantothenic acid
Explanation
Vitamin B5 is also known as pantothenic acid. Biotin is a different vitamin, also known as vitamin B7. Folic acid is another vitamin, known as vitamin B9. Cobalamin is not a known name for any vitamin. Therefore, the correct answer is pantothenic acid.
13.
Vitamin B6 is
Correct Answer
B. Pyridoxine
Explanation
Pyridoxine is a form of vitamin B6. It is essential for the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the body. It plays a crucial role in the production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which are important for mood regulation. Pyridoxine also supports the immune system, helps in the formation of red blood cells, and promotes healthy brain development. Thiamin, cobalamin, and riboflavin are different forms of B vitamins, but they are not synonymous with vitamin B6.
14.
Vitamin B7 is called
Correct Answer
C. Biotin
Explanation
Biotin is commonly known as Vitamin B7. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy hair, skin, and nails. Biotin also helps in converting food into energy and is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is involved in the production of enzymes that support various biochemical reactions in the body. Biotin deficiency can lead to symptoms like hair loss, brittle nails, and skin rashes. Therefore, biotin is the correct answer for the given question.
15.
Vitamin B9 is
Correct Answer
A. Folic acid
Explanation
Vitamin B9 is folic acid, which is a water-soluble B vitamin. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis and repair of DNA, as well as in cell division and growth. Folic acid is important for the development of red blood cells, prevention of certain birth defects, and maintenance of brain function. It can be found naturally in foods such as leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, and beans, or taken as a supplement.
16.
Vitamin B12 is known as
Correct Answer
C. Cobalamin
Explanation
Vitamin B12 is known as cobalamin because cobalamin is the chemical compound that makes up this vitamin. Cobalamin is essential for the formation of red blood cells and the proper functioning of the nervous system. It is primarily found in animal-based foods and is necessary for maintaining good health.
17.
Vitamin C, A, D, E, K and chloine are all water soluble vitamins
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because vitamin D, E, and K are actually fat-soluble vitamins, not water-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and choline, dissolve in water and are not stored in the body. On the other hand, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver.
18.
Vitamin k is mainly stored in the
Correct Answer
liver
Explanation
Vitamin K is mainly stored in the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in the metabolism and storage of various nutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin K. This vitamin is essential for blood clotting and bone health. The liver stores vitamin K so that it can be released into the bloodstream as needed to support these vital functions. By storing vitamin K in the liver, the body ensures a constant supply of this nutrient, even during periods of low dietary intake.
19.
Fat soluble vitamins can be taken in excess without medical supervision
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
False. Fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, can accumulate in the body's fat stores and liver when taken in excess. Unlike water-soluble vitamins that are excreted in urine when consumed excessively, fat-soluble vitamins can reach toxic levels if taken in large amounts over extended periods without medical supervision. Therefore, it's important to follow recommended dosages and consult with a healthcare provider before taking high doses of fat-soluble vitamins.
20.
Water soluble vitamins act mainly as
Correct Answer
coenzymes
Explanation
Water soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, function primarily as coenzymes in the body. Coenzymes are molecules that work alongside enzymes to facilitate various biochemical reactions. They assist enzymes in carrying out their specific functions, helping to convert food into energy, synthesize important molecules, and support overall metabolism. Water soluble vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of many enzymatic reactions in the body, and their role as coenzymes highlights their importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
21.
Water soluble vitamins influence after digestion are
Correct Answer
A. 8 to 14 hours
Explanation
Water soluble vitamins are absorbed into the bloodstream after digestion and are not stored in the body. They are quickly excreted through urine if not used immediately. The range of 8 to 14 hours suggests that it takes this amount of time for water soluble vitamins to be fully absorbed, utilized, and excreted from the body. This is a reasonable timeframe considering the normal digestion and metabolic processes involved.
22.
If water-soluble vitamins in the diet regularly contain less than 50% of the recommended amount of the daily recommended intake, then marginal deficiencies could develop within about four weeks.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
If the water-soluble vitamin in the diet regularly contains less than 50% of the recommended amount, it is likely that marginal deficiencies could develop within about four weeks. Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body for long periods of time, so a consistent lack of intake can lead to deficiencies relatively quickly. Therefore, it is true that marginal deficiencies could develop within about four weeks if the water-soluble vitamin intake is consistently below 50% of the recommended amount.
23.
Coenzymes consist of two parts: one part is a protein molecule, and the second part is a coenzyme.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in carrying out various biochemical reactions. They consist of two parts: a protein molecule called an apoenzyme and a non-protein molecule called a coenzyme. The apoenzyme provides the catalytic activity while the coenzyme acts as a cofactor, helping the enzyme function properly. Therefore, the statement that coenzymes consist of two parts, a protein molecule, and a coenzyme, is true.
24.
For coenzyme to function only one part needs to be present
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that for a coenzyme to function, only one part needs to be present. However, this is incorrect. Coenzymes are essential for the functioning of enzymes and they typically consist of multiple parts. These parts work together to facilitate the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Therefore, it is not true that only one part of a coenzyme is sufficient for its functioning.
25.
What two factors alter enzyme activity
Correct Answer
temperature and ph
ph and temperature
Explanation
Enzyme activity is influenced by two factors: temperature and pH. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions by altering the kinetic energy of the molecules involved. As temperature increases, the reaction rate generally increases until it reaches an optimal temperature, after which the enzyme activity decreases due to denaturation. pH, on the other hand, affects enzyme activity by altering the charge distribution of the active site, thus influencing the enzyme-substrate interaction. Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it exhibits maximum activity, and deviations from this pH can result in decreased enzyme activity.
26.
Small rise in body temperature increases enzyme activity
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A small rise in body temperature can increase enzyme activity because enzymes are proteins that function optimally within a specific temperature range. As the temperature increases, the molecules move faster and collide more frequently, allowing the enzymes to catalyze reactions more efficiently. However, it is important to note that if the temperature rises too high, the enzymes can denature and lose their function. Therefore, a small rise in body temperature can enhance enzyme activity, but excessive heat can be detrimental.
27.
–Changes in pH reduces enzyme activity
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Changes in pH can indeed reduce enzyme activity. Enzymes have an optimal pH range in which they function most effectively. Any deviation from this range can disrupt the enzyme's structure and affect its ability to catalyze reactions. If the pH becomes too acidic or too alkaline, it can denature the enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and function. Therefore, changes in pH can definitely decrease enzyme activity.
28.
The role of coenzyme is for activation of enzymes
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in their catalytic activities. They work by binding to enzymes and helping them carry out their functions more efficiently. Coenzymes often act as carriers of specific atoms or functional groups, which are necessary for the enzyme to perform its catalytic role. Therefore, the statement that the role of coenzymes is for the activation of enzymes is true.
29.
In normal condition, our body cells produce many antioxidant enzymes to help neutralize free radicals and prevent cellular (DNA), lipids, protein , and other molecule damage.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Our body cells produce antioxidant enzymes to neutralize free radicals and prevent damage to cellular components such as DNA, lipids, proteins, and other molecules. This is true because free radicals can cause oxidative stress and lead to various health problems. Antioxidants help maintain the balance by scavenging these free radicals and reducing their harmful effects.
30.
Which three vitamins are also known as the antioxidant vitamins?
Correct Answer
D. A, C, E
Explanation
Vitamins A, C, and E are known as antioxidant vitamins. Antioxidants help protect the body from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. Vitamin A helps maintain healthy skin and vision, while vitamin C is essential for immune function and collagen production. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress. These three vitamins play important roles in maintaining overall health and protecting the body against oxidative damage.
31.
Which vitamin promotes bone and tooth formation
Correct Answer
D. D
Explanation
Vitamin D promotes bone and tooth formation. It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D also plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and supporting overall bone health.
32.
Occurs when vitamins are not excreted effectively and accumulate in the tissue → toxic reaction
Correct Answer
C. Hypervitaminosis
Explanation
Hypervitaminosis occurs when vitamins are not excreted effectively and accumulate in the tissue, leading to a toxic reaction. This can happen when a person takes excessive amounts of vitamins through supplements or fortified foods. Symptoms of hypervitaminosis can vary depending on the specific vitamin involved, but they can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, and even organ damage in severe cases. Therefore, hypervitaminosis is the correct answer in this case.
33.
which fat soluble vitamin Forms visual purple for night vision (visual pigment).Maintains epithelial tissue in skin and mucous membranes.Promotes bone formation
Correct Answer
C. A
Explanation
Vitamin A is the correct answer because it is a fat-soluble vitamin that is responsible for forming visual purple, which is necessary for night vision. It also helps maintain the health of epithelial tissue in the skin and mucous membranes, and promotes bone formation.
34.
An “anti-infection vitamin” is the maintenance of epithelial tissues (membrane) in preventing infection
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement suggests that the "anti-infection vitamin" plays a role in maintaining epithelial tissues and preventing infection. This implies that the presence of this vitamin helps to strengthen the body's defense against infections. Therefore, the statement is true.
35.
Some of carotenoids (not vitamins; from most colorful fruits and vegetables) can be converted to vitamin A
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Carotenoids, which are found in colorful fruits and vegetables, can indeed be converted into vitamin A. This conversion occurs in the body and is an important process for obtaining vitamin A. Therefore, the statement "Some of carotenoids can be converted to vitamin A" is true.
36.
One of carotenoid, beta-carotene, is a powerful antioxidant to interfere with free radical activity
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Beta-carotene is a type of carotenoid that acts as a powerful antioxidant. Antioxidants help to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Beta-carotene specifically has been shown to have antioxidant properties and can help to reduce oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Therefore, it is correct to say that beta-carotene is a powerful antioxidant that can interfere with free radical activity.
37.
which fat soluble vitamin acts as hormone to increase intestinal absorption of calcium
Correct Answer
B. D
Explanation
Vitamin D acts as a hormone to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium. It plays a crucial role in regulating the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps the intestines absorb calcium from the food we eat and promotes its transfer into the bloodstream. This vitamin also works with parathyroid hormone to stimulate the release of calcium from bones when levels are low. Therefore, vitamin D is important for overall bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis.
38.
Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adult is a result in the deficiency of vitamin D
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults are both conditions that result from a deficiency of vitamin D. Rickets is a condition that affects the development of bones in children, causing them to become weak and soft. Osteomalacia is a condition that affects adults, causing their bones to become weak and brittle. Both conditions can be prevented or treated by ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin D, which is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, important minerals for bone health. Therefore, the statement "Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults is a result of vitamin D deficiency" is true.
39.
Excessive vitamin E can affect vitamin K’s blood-clotting functions
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Excessive intake of vitamin E can indeed interfere with the blood-clotting functions of vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for the production of certain proteins involved in blood clotting, and vitamin E can hinder this process by inhibiting the activation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. This can potentially lead to an increased risk of bleeding and difficulty in blood clotting. Therefore, the statement "Excessive vitamin E can affect vitamin K's blood-clotting functions" is true.
40.
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting
Correct Answer
D. K
Explanation
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. It plays a crucial role in the production of certain proteins that are involved in the blood clotting process. Without sufficient levels of vitamin K, the blood may not be able to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding. Vitamin K is also important for maintaining healthy bones and preventing calcification of blood vessels.
41.
Ascorbic Acid is most commonly known as:
Correct Answer
vitamin c
Explanation
Ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. It is an essential nutrient that acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is also important for the growth, development, and repair of body tissues, as well as the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps heal wounds. Vitamin C is found in many fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, and bell peppers. It plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system and promoting overall health.
42.
Which vitamin
1.Forms collagen essential for connective tissue development (e.g. tendons and ligaments)
2.Helps in absorption of iron.
3.Help the formation of epinephrine.
4.Serves as antioxidant
Correct Answer
B. C
Explanation
Vitamin C is the correct answer because it is known to form collagen, which is essential for the development of connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments. It also helps in the absorption of iron and aids in the formation of epinephrine. Additionally, vitamin C serves as an antioxidant, which helps to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
43.
Vitamin E is distributed through what tissue
Correct Answer
B. Fatty
Explanation
Vitamin E is distributed through fatty tissue because it is a fat-soluble vitamin. This means that it is absorbed, stored, and transported in the body along with dietary fats. Fatty tissue serves as a reservoir for vitamin E, allowing it to be stored for future use. This distribution mechanism ensures that the body has a constant supply of vitamin E, which is essential for its antioxidant properties and various biological functions.
44.
RDA recommendation for vitamin A for women and men are
Correct Answer
C. 900 men 700 women
Explanation
The RDA recommendation for vitamin A is 900 for men and 700 for women. This means that men should consume 900 micrograms of vitamin A per day, while women should consume 700 micrograms per day.
45.
Recommendation for vitamin D in both women and men are both
Correct Answer
D. 600 iu
Explanation
he recommended daily intake of vitamin D can vary based on age, sex, and other factors. Here are general recommendations for vitamin D intake:
For adults up to age 70:
Recommended daily intake: 600 IU (International Units) per day.
For adults over age 70:
Recommended daily intake: 800 IU (International Units) per day.
These recommendations are from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for maintaining bone health and overall wellness. However, individual needs may vary based on factors such as geographic location (sunlight exposure), skin pigmentation, and health conditions.
46.
Vitamin D is also known as the sunshine vitamin.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Vitamin D is commonly referred to as the "sunshine vitamin" because our bodies can produce it when our skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunlight triggers a chemical reaction in the skin, converting a substance called 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3. This form of vitamin D is then converted by the liver and kidneys into its active form, which is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Therefore, it is true to say that vitamin D is also known as the sunshine vitamin.
47.
Recommendations for both men and women vitamin E are
Correct Answer
C. 15 ug
Explanation
The recommended daily intake of vitamin E for both men and women is 15 ug. This amount is considered sufficient to meet the body's needs and support overall health. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, supports immune function, and promotes healthy skin. Consuming the recommended amount of vitamin E through a balanced diet or supplements can help maintain optimal levels in the body.
48.
The recommendation for vitamin K in women is 120 ug and 90 ug in men.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The recommendation for vitamin K in women is 120ug, while it is 90 ug in men. This statement is false because the correct answer is that the recommendation for vitamin K in women is 90 ug, not 120ug.
49.
Which water-soluble vitamin has functions that can;
1. Serve as a coenzyme for energy production from carbohydrates.
2. Maintain the normal functions of the nervous system.
Correct Answer
C. B1
Explanation
Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, serves as a coenzyme for energy production from carbohydrates (CHO). It plays a crucial role in converting glucose into energy that the body can use. Additionally, thiamine is involved in maintaining the normal function of the nervous system. It helps in the synthesis and transmission of nerve signals, ensuring proper communication between the brain and other parts of the body.
50.
what vitamin functions as coenzyme involved in energy production from CHO and fats
Correct Answer
C. B2
Explanation
B2, also known as riboflavin, functions as a coenzyme involved in energy production from carbohydrates (CHO) and fats. It is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of macronutrients, helping to convert them into energy that the body can use. B2 is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in the breakdown of CHO and fats, allowing the body to efficiently utilize these energy sources.