A & P II Final Exam From Test #4

1. Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ____________.

XX

YY

XY

Any of these, depending on the father.

The sex chromosomes of a normal male are XY. In humans, females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male reproductive organs and characteristics.

Explanation

The sex chromosomes of a normal male are XY. In humans, females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male reproductive organs and characteristics.

2. Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as __________.

Hemizygous

Monogamous

Heterozygous

Homozygous

pg 1103

Explanation

pg 1103

3. The diploid genome contains chromosomes from ________________.

The father only

The mother only

One parent, which synthesizes the other

Both the mother and the father

The diploid genome contains chromosomes from both the mother and the father. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to their offspring, resulting in a diploid genome with two sets of chromosomes. This ensures genetic diversity and allows for the combination of traits from both parents.

Explanation

The diploid genome contains chromosomes from both the mother and the father. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to their offspring, resulting in a diploid genome with two sets of chromosomes. This ensures genetic diversity and allows for the combination of traits from both parents.

4. The major reason older adults should monitor their intake of fluids is the ___________.

Older people suffer deceased levels of antidiuretic hormone

Older people do not exercise, so fluids do not move from compartment to compartment easily

Total body water decreases with age, and restoration of homeostasis is slower

Most older people do not eat the proper foods

As individuals age, their total body water decreases and the process of restoring homeostasis becomes slower. This means that older adults are at a higher risk of dehydration and fluid imbalance. Monitoring their intake of fluids becomes crucial to ensure that they are adequately hydrated and maintain proper bodily functions.

Explanation

As individuals age, their total body water decreases and the process of restoring homeostasis becomes slower. This means that older adults are at a higher risk of dehydration and fluid imbalance. Monitoring their intake of fluids becomes crucial to ensure that they are adequately hydrated and maintain proper bodily functions.

5. Respiratory acidosis can occur when ______________.

A person consumes excessive amounts of antacids

A person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction

A runner has completed a very long race

The kidneys secrete hydrogen ions

pg. 1014

Explanation

pg. 1014

6. Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when _______________.

They are coded for skin color

They are coding for genetic diseases

The organism is in the embryonic stage

Both alleles are exactly the same, or homozygous

pg 1103

Explanation

pg 1103

7. A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________________.

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

pg 1014

Explanation

pg 1014

8. Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?

Antidiuretic hormone

Erythropoietin

Aldosterone

Renin

pg. 1004

Explanation

pg. 1004

9. The female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each on genetically unique. This is due to ____________.

Mutation

Recessive inheritance

Chromosome deletion

Independent associate and random crossover

The female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique, due to independent assortment and random crossover. During meiosis, the chromosomes in the oocytes undergo independent assortment, which means that they can line up in any combination during cell division. Additionally, there is a process called crossover where sections of chromosomes can exchange genetic material, further increasing genetic diversity. These two processes together result in each oocyte having a unique combination of genetic material, making them genetically distinct from one another.

Explanation

The female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique, due to independent assortment and random crossover. During meiosis, the chromosomes in the oocytes undergo independent assortment, which means that they can line up in any combination during cell division. Additionally, there is a process called crossover where sections of chromosomes can exchange genetic material, further increasing genetic diversity. These two processes together result in each oocyte having a unique combination of genetic material, making them genetically distinct from one another.

10. Edema may result from _______________.

Hyperproteinemia

Hindering the flow of water out of the capillaries

Decreased blood hydrostatic pressure

Lymphatic blockage

pg 1002

Explanation

pg 1002