19th Century Nationalism

Napoleon I's invasions of Germany during the early 19th century had a significant impact on the desire of the German people for a unified German state. The French invasions led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, which further fueled the nationalist sentiments among the German people. The experience of being occupied by a foreign power and the desire for self-determination played a crucial role in the subsequent movements for German unification.

Otto von Bismarck was the Prussian chancellor responsible for the unification of Germany. Bismarck was a skilled diplomat and politician who used a combination of military force and diplomatic negotiations to unify the various German states into a single nation. He played a key role in the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War, both of which helped solidify Prussian dominance and pave the way for German unification. Bismarck's leadership and strategic maneuvering earned him the title of the "Iron Chancellor" and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in German history.

The statement "Europe's Old Empires were not at all affected by the sudden surge of nationalism in the continent" is false. The sudden surge of nationalism in Europe did indeed affect the Old Empires. Nationalism led to the rise of independence movements and the desire for self-determination among various ethnic and cultural groups within these empires. This resulted in the breakup of many empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, and the formation of new nation-states based on nationalist aspirations.

Giuseppe Mazzini was the founder of Young Italy. Young Italy was a secret society founded in 1831, with the aim of promoting Italian unification and independence from foreign powers. Mazzini believed in the idea of a unified Italian republic and worked towards mobilizing the youth of Italy to fight for this cause. Through his writings and political activism, Mazzini played a significant role in the Italian nationalist movement and is considered one of the key figures in the Risorgimento, the process of Italian unification.

The correct answer shows the correct sequence of events leading to Italy's unification. It starts with Cavour becoming Victor Emmanuel's prime minister, followed by Cavour starting a war with and defeating Austria and annexing Lombardy. Then, Garibaldi and Cavour form an alliance, with Garibaldi controlling Sicily and going to Naples. Garibaldi then turns over Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel. Afterward, Victor Emmanuel II is crowned king of Italy. Finally, Italy acquires Venetia and Rome. This sequence accurately represents the chronological order in which these events occurred during Italy's unification process.

When Germany united, the people crowned William I as their first Emperor.