3C051 Set 2 Volume 2 Practice Test

1. What is one of the most important communication skills you can develop as a help desk operator?

Speaking

Writing

Listening

Briefing

Listening is one of the most important communication skills that a help desk operator can develop. It is crucial for a help desk operator to actively listen to the customer's concerns and questions in order to fully understand their needs and provide appropriate solutions. By actively listening, the operator can gather all the necessary information, ask relevant questions, and ensure effective communication with the customer. This skill helps in building trust, resolving issues efficiently, and providing excellent customer service.

Explanation

Listening is one of the most important communication skills that a help desk operator can develop. It is crucial for a help desk operator to actively listen to the customer's concerns and questions in order to fully understand their needs and provide appropriate solutions. By actively listening, the operator can gather all the necessary information, ask relevant questions, and ensure effective communication with the customer. This skill helps in building trust, resolving issues efficiently, and providing excellent customer service.

2. Within the NCC, what function is intially responsible for taking trouble calls, deciding what type of problem has occured, and what to do about the problem?

Help Desk

Network management

Specific area of support

Information protection operations

The help desk is initially responsible for taking trouble calls, deciding what type of problem has occurred, and determining the appropriate course of action to resolve the issue. They serve as the first point of contact for users experiencing technical difficulties and are trained to troubleshoot and provide solutions or escalate the problem to the appropriate team for further assistance. The help desk plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient and effective problem resolution within the NCC.

Explanation

The help desk is initially responsible for taking trouble calls, deciding what type of problem has occurred, and determining the appropriate course of action to resolve the issue. They serve as the first point of contact for users experiencing technical difficulties and are trained to troubleshoot and provide solutions or escalate the problem to the appropriate team for further assistance. The help desk plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient and effective problem resolution within the NCC.

3. What software is used to open trouble tickets for customer trouble calls?

Microsoft Access

Remedy

The C+ database

Filit

Remedy is the software used to open trouble tickets for customer trouble calls. It is a widely used ticketing system that allows customer support teams to efficiently track and manage customer issues. Remedy provides a centralized platform for logging, prioritizing, and resolving customer complaints or inquiries. It helps streamline the troubleshooting process and ensures that customer problems are addressed in a timely manner. Microsoft Access, The C+ database, and Filit are not specifically designed for ticket management and are not commonly used for this purpose.

Explanation

Remedy is the software used to open trouble tickets for customer trouble calls. It is a widely used ticketing system that allows customer support teams to efficiently track and manage customer issues. Remedy provides a centralized platform for logging, prioritizing, and resolving customer complaints or inquiries. It helps streamline the troubleshooting process and ensures that customer problems are addressed in a timely manner. Microsoft Access, The C+ database, and Filit are not specifically designed for ticket management and are not commonly used for this purpose.

4. What type of network is made up of components from the same vendor or compatible equipment that all run under the same operating system or network operating system?

Internetwork

Intranetwork

Homogeneous network

Heterogeneous network

A homogeneous network is made up of components from the same vendor or compatible equipment that all run under the same operating system or network operating system. This means that all the devices and equipment in the network are from the same manufacturer or are compatible with each other, creating a seamless and integrated network environment. This type of network can be easier to manage and troubleshoot since all the components are designed to work together.

Explanation

A homogeneous network is made up of components from the same vendor or compatible equipment that all run under the same operating system or network operating system. This means that all the devices and equipment in the network are from the same manufacturer or are compatible with each other, creating a seamless and integrated network environment. This type of network can be easier to manage and troubleshoot since all the components are designed to work together.

5. Which of the following categories of twisted-pair cable has the highest throughput?

Cat 2

Cat 3

Cat 4

Cat 5

Cat 5 twisted-pair cable has the highest throughput compared to Cat 2, Cat 3, and Cat 4. This is because Cat 5 cable has a higher bandwidth capacity and can support higher data transfer rates. Cat 5 cable is capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 1000 Mbps, making it suitable for high-speed internet connections and network applications that require fast data transmission.

Explanation

Cat 5 twisted-pair cable has the highest throughput compared to Cat 2, Cat 3, and Cat 4. This is because Cat 5 cable has a higher bandwidth capacity and can support higher data transfer rates. Cat 5 cable is capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 1000 Mbps, making it suitable for high-speed internet connections and network applications that require fast data transmission.

6. A fiber optic network uses a laser or light-emitting diode to send a signal through what portion of the cable?

Core

Buffer

Kevlar

Cladding

A fiber optic network uses a laser or light-emitting diode to send a signal through the core of the cable. The core is the innermost part of the cable and is responsible for carrying the light signal. The buffer is a protective layer around the core, the kevlar provides strength and protection, and the cladding is a reflective layer that helps keep the light signal within the core. However, it is the core that actually carries the signal.

Explanation

A fiber optic network uses a laser or light-emitting diode to send a signal through the core of the cable. The core is the innermost part of the cable and is responsible for carrying the light signal. The buffer is a protective layer around the core, the kevlar provides strength and protection, and the cladding is a reflective layer that helps keep the light signal within the core. However, it is the core that actually carries the signal.

7. Why can a token ring network cover a greater distance than a token bus network without loss of signal

Because they can use wire centers

Because each workstation repeats the signal

Because they reequire significantly more cable

Because each workstation creates less signal distortion

In a token ring network, each workstation repeats the signal, which allows the signal to travel further without loss. This means that the signal is strengthened and refreshed at each workstation, preventing signal degradation over longer distances. In contrast, a token bus network does not have this feature, so the signal may weaken and distort as it travels along the network, resulting in a loss of signal quality. Therefore, the ability of each workstation to repeat the signal in a token ring network enables it to cover a greater distance without signal loss.

Explanation

In a token ring network, each workstation repeats the signal, which allows the signal to travel further without loss. This means that the signal is strengthened and refreshed at each workstation, preventing signal degradation over longer distances. In contrast, a token bus network does not have this feature, so the signal may weaken and distort as it travels along the network, resulting in a loss of signal quality. Therefore, the ability of each workstation to repeat the signal in a token ring network enables it to cover a greater distance without signal loss.

8. What server is set aside to perform a specific task or function all the time?

File server

Network server

Dedicated server

Nondedicated server

A dedicated server is set aside specifically to perform a specific task or function all the time. Unlike other types of servers, such as file servers or network servers, a dedicated server is solely dedicated to one purpose and is not shared with other tasks or functions. This ensures that the server has all the resources and processing power necessary to efficiently perform its designated task without any interruptions or conflicts.

Explanation

A dedicated server is set aside specifically to perform a specific task or function all the time. Unlike other types of servers, such as file servers or network servers, a dedicated server is solely dedicated to one purpose and is not shared with other tasks or functions. This ensures that the server has all the resources and processing power necessary to efficiently perform its designated task without any interruptions or conflicts.

9. Which of the following are jobs performed by a help desk technician on a daily basis?

Account unlocks, account creations, and router reconfiguration

Network Monitoring, accounts unlocks, and account creations

Network monitoring, account unlocks, router access lists

Operation system installations, account creations, and network minitoring

A help desk technician performs the job of network monitoring to ensure the smooth functioning of the network and identify any issues or abnormalities. They also handle account unlocks, which involves resetting passwords or unlocking user accounts that may be locked due to incorrect login attempts. Additionally, they are responsible for account creations, which involves setting up new user accounts or granting access to new employees. These tasks are part of the daily routine of a help desk technician to ensure the efficient operation of the network and provide support to users.

Explanation

A help desk technician performs the job of network monitoring to ensure the smooth functioning of the network and identify any issues or abnormalities. They also handle account unlocks, which involves resetting passwords or unlocking user accounts that may be locked due to incorrect login attempts. Additionally, they are responsible for account creations, which involves setting up new user accounts or granting access to new employees. These tasks are part of the daily routine of a help desk technician to ensure the efficient operation of the network and provide support to users.

10. What type of communications network serves users within a confined geographical areas?

Local area network

Metropolitan area network

Wide area network

Enterprise network

A local area network (LAN) is a type of communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area. It is typically used within a single building or a group of nearby buildings, such as a home, office, or school. LANs are designed to provide fast and reliable communication between devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, within the local area. They are commonly used for sharing resources, such as files and printers, and for enabling communication and collaboration between users.

Explanation

A local area network (LAN) is a type of communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area. It is typically used within a single building or a group of nearby buildings, such as a home, office, or school. LANs are designed to provide fast and reliable communication between devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, within the local area. They are commonly used for sharing resources, such as files and printers, and for enabling communication and collaboration between users.

11. What is a set of systems nodes on a local segment that can be off of a switch or a router?

Internetwork

Intranetwork

Homogeneous network

Heterogeneous network

An intranetwork refers to a set of system nodes on a local segment that can be connected to either a switch or a router. It is a private network that is limited to a specific organization or company and is used for internal communication and data sharing. Unlike an internetwork, which refers to the connection of multiple networks, an intranetwork focuses on the internal connectivity within a single network.

Explanation

An intranetwork refers to a set of system nodes on a local segment that can be connected to either a switch or a router. It is a private network that is limited to a specific organization or company and is used for internal communication and data sharing. Unlike an internetwork, which refers to the connection of multiple networks, an intranetwork focuses on the internal connectivity within a single network.

12. What is the greatest risk to a bus network

The bus network server

Security is easily breached

The bus itself becoming inoperable

The middle node connected to the bus

The greatest risk to a bus network is the bus itself becoming inoperable. This means that if the bus, which serves as the main communication pathway for devices connected to the network, stops functioning, the entire network will be affected. This can lead to a disruption in communication and data transfer between devices, resulting in a loss of productivity and efficiency. It is crucial to ensure the proper maintenance and functioning of the bus to prevent such risks.

Explanation

The greatest risk to a bus network is the bus itself becoming inoperable. This means that if the bus, which serves as the main communication pathway for devices connected to the network, stops functioning, the entire network will be affected. This can lead to a disruption in communication and data transfer between devices, resulting in a loss of productivity and efficiency. It is crucial to ensure the proper maintenance and functioning of the bus to prevent such risks.

13. What communications device converts binary electrical signals into acoustic signals for transmission over telephone lines?

Hub

Switch

Modem

Route

A modem is a communications device that converts binary electrical signals into acoustic signals for transmission over telephone lines. This allows for the transmission of data over traditional telephone networks. Modems are commonly used to connect computers to the internet via dial-up connections, where the binary data is converted into sound waves that can be transmitted over the telephone lines. Once the acoustic signals reach their destination, another modem converts them back into binary electrical signals that can be understood by the receiving device.

Explanation

A modem is a communications device that converts binary electrical signals into acoustic signals for transmission over telephone lines. This allows for the transmission of data over traditional telephone networks. Modems are commonly used to connect computers to the internet via dial-up connections, where the binary data is converted into sound waves that can be transmitted over the telephone lines. Once the acoustic signals reach their destination, another modem converts them back into binary electrical signals that can be understood by the receiving device.

14. What is a group of devices connected to the same physical media such that if two devices access the media at the same time, the result is a collision of the two signals?

A token domain

A jabber domain

A broadcast storm

A collision domain

A collision domain refers to a group of devices that are connected to the same physical media, such as an Ethernet cable or a hub. In this domain, if two devices attempt to access the media simultaneously, their signals will collide and result in data loss or corruption. This is because only one device can transmit data at a time within the collision domain.

Explanation

A collision domain refers to a group of devices that are connected to the same physical media, such as an Ethernet cable or a hub. In this domain, if two devices attempt to access the media simultaneously, their signals will collide and result in data loss or corruption. This is because only one device can transmit data at a time within the collision domain.

15. The purpose of a network repeater is that it?

Amplifies the network signal

Regenerates any signal received

Amplifies and routes the signal

Internally routes the signal

A network repeater is used to regenerate any signal it receives. This means that it takes in a weak or degraded signal and restores it to its original strength and quality before transmitting it to the next device in the network. Unlike an amplifier, which only increases the strength of a signal, a repeater also cleans up and regenerates the signal, ensuring that it is clear and reliable. By regenerating the signal, a repeater helps to extend the range and improve the performance of a network.

Explanation

A network repeater is used to regenerate any signal it receives. This means that it takes in a weak or degraded signal and restores it to its original strength and quality before transmitting it to the next device in the network. Unlike an amplifier, which only increases the strength of a signal, a repeater also cleans up and regenerates the signal, ensuring that it is clear and reliable. By regenerating the signal, a repeater helps to extend the range and improve the performance of a network.

16. What type of network environments consist of of computer systems from different vendors that run different operation systems and communication protocols?

Internetwork

Intranetwork

Homogeneous network

Heterogeneous network

A heterogeneous network refers to a network environment where computer systems from different vendors are connected, running different operating systems and communication protocols. In this type of network, there is a mix of hardware and software components that may not be compatible or interoperable. This can pose challenges in terms of system integration, data sharing, and communication between different systems.

Explanation

A heterogeneous network refers to a network environment where computer systems from different vendors are connected, running different operating systems and communication protocols. In this type of network, there is a mix of hardware and software components that may not be compatible or interoperable. This can pose challenges in terms of system integration, data sharing, and communication between different systems.

17. A feature which involves the periodic insertion of points into data from which any recovery necessary can be started is known as what?

Checkpointing

Data transfers

Formatting function

Error recognition and recovery

Checkpointing is a feature that involves the periodic insertion of points into data from which any recovery necessary can be started. It is a technique used in computing systems to ensure fault tolerance and recovery. By creating checkpoints at regular intervals, the system can save the current state of the data and use it as a starting point for recovery in case of failures or errors. This allows for efficient and reliable error recognition and recovery, making checkpointing the correct answer for this question.

Explanation

Checkpointing is a feature that involves the periodic insertion of points into data from which any recovery necessary can be started. It is a technique used in computing systems to ensure fault tolerance and recovery. By creating checkpoints at regular intervals, the system can save the current state of the data and use it as a starting point for recovery in case of failures or errors. This allows for efficient and reliable error recognition and recovery, making checkpointing the correct answer for this question.

18. What type of routing involves the use of routing protocols that adjust real-time to changing network circumstances?

Static routing

Manual routing

Dynamic routing

Group source routing

Dynamic routing involves the use of routing protocols that adjust in real-time to changing network circumstances. Unlike static routing, which requires manual configuration of routes, dynamic routing protocols automatically update and adapt to changes in the network topology. This allows for more efficient and flexible routing, as the protocols can dynamically select the best path for data transmission based on factors such as network congestion, link failures, or changes in network traffic. Therefore, dynamic routing is the correct answer in this case.

Explanation

Dynamic routing involves the use of routing protocols that adjust in real-time to changing network circumstances. Unlike static routing, which requires manual configuration of routes, dynamic routing protocols automatically update and adapt to changes in the network topology. This allows for more efficient and flexible routing, as the protocols can dynamically select the best path for data transmission based on factors such as network congestion, link failures, or changes in network traffic. Therefore, dynamic routing is the correct answer in this case.

19. What prompt is displayed when in Privileged Exec mode on a routeR?

Router#

Router/

Router>

Router:

When in Privileged Exec mode on a router, the prompt displayed is "Router#". This prompt indicates that the user has administrative privileges and can execute privileged commands on the router. The "#" symbol signifies that the user is in Privileged Exec mode, which allows them to configure and manage the router's settings and functions.

Explanation

When in Privileged Exec mode on a router, the prompt displayed is "Router#". This prompt indicates that the user has administrative privileges and can execute privileged commands on the router. The "#" symbol signifies that the user is in Privileged Exec mode, which allows them to configure and manage the router's settings and functions.

20. What organization does communication and information services entering and exiting the base or site fall under the operational control of?

Base Security Services Information Assurance Office

Base Computer Security control office

Base Network Control Center

Base Command Post

The correct answer is the Base Network Control Center. This organization is responsible for managing and controlling the communication and information services entering and exiting the base or site. They ensure that the network is secure and properly functioning, and they have operational control over the communication and information services within the base.

Explanation

The correct answer is the Base Network Control Center. This organization is responsible for managing and controlling the communication and information services entering and exiting the base or site. They ensure that the network is secure and properly functioning, and they have operational control over the communication and information services within the base.

21. Performance management can be broken into which two separate functional categories?

Monitoring and tuning

Baselining and tuning

Baselining and monitoring

Inspecting and monitoring

Performance management involves monitoring and optimizing the performance of systems or processes. Monitoring refers to the continuous collection and analysis of performance data to identify any issues or areas for improvement. Tuning, on the other hand, involves making adjustments or optimizations based on the insights gained from monitoring. Therefore, the correct answer is "Monitoring and tuning."

Explanation

Performance management involves monitoring and optimizing the performance of systems or processes. Monitoring refers to the continuous collection and analysis of performance data to identify any issues or areas for improvement. Tuning, on the other hand, involves making adjustments or optimizations based on the insights gained from monitoring. Therefore, the correct answer is "Monitoring and tuning."

22. What is a measurement of data transferred through the medium between network connections

Attenuation

Impedance

Throughput

Inductive coupling

Throughput is a measurement of the amount of data that can be transferred through a network connection within a given time period. It represents the actual data transfer rate and is often measured in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps). Throughput is influenced by factors such as network congestion, latency, and the capacity of the network connection. It is an important metric in evaluating the performance and efficiency of a network connection.

Explanation

Throughput is a measurement of the amount of data that can be transferred through a network connection within a given time period. It represents the actual data transfer rate and is often measured in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps). Throughput is influenced by factors such as network congestion, latency, and the capacity of the network connection. It is an important metric in evaluating the performance and efficiency of a network connection.

23. What is used to logically eliminate loops within a network?

Internet Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol

Router Intranet Protocol

Spanning Tree Algorithm

A spanning tree algorithm is used to logically eliminate loops within a network. This algorithm helps in creating a tree-like structure within the network by selecting a root node and then determining the shortest path from the root to each other node. By doing so, it ensures that there are no loops or redundant paths in the network, which can cause issues such as broadcast storms or excessive network traffic. Therefore, the spanning tree algorithm is an effective solution for eliminating loops and ensuring efficient network communication.

Explanation

A spanning tree algorithm is used to logically eliminate loops within a network. This algorithm helps in creating a tree-like structure within the network by selecting a root node and then determining the shortest path from the root to each other node. By doing so, it ensures that there are no loops or redundant paths in the network, which can cause issues such as broadcast storms or excessive network traffic. Therefore, the spanning tree algorithm is an effective solution for eliminating loops and ensuring efficient network communication.

24. What is the range of numbers that represent standard access lists?

1-40

1-99

50-99

100-199

Standard access lists use numbers ranging from 1 to 99 to represent the range of numbers. These numbers are used to identify the access list when configuring it on a router or switch. Standard access lists are typically used to filter traffic based on the source IP address only.

Explanation

Standard access lists use numbers ranging from 1 to 99 to represent the range of numbers. These numbers are used to identify the access list when configuring it on a router or switch. Standard access lists are typically used to filter traffic based on the source IP address only.

25. What is the distorting and or weakening of a signal as it traverses the media called?

Attentuation

Impedance

Throughput

Inductive cabling

Attenuation refers to the distortion and weakening of a signal as it travels through a medium. This can occur due to various factors such as distance, interference, or impedance mismatches. Attenuation is a common phenomenon in communication systems and can result in a loss of signal strength, degradation of signal quality, or reduced throughput. It is important to consider attenuation when designing and implementing communication networks to ensure reliable and efficient signal transmission.

Explanation

Attenuation refers to the distortion and weakening of a signal as it travels through a medium. This can occur due to various factors such as distance, interference, or impedance mismatches. Attenuation is a common phenomenon in communication systems and can result in a loss of signal strength, degradation of signal quality, or reduced throughput. It is important to consider attenuation when designing and implementing communication networks to ensure reliable and efficient signal transmission.

26. How many users are in a peer-to-peer network?

2-10

10-50

50-250

250-1000

A peer-to-peer network is a decentralized network where all devices or nodes are considered equal and can act as both clients and servers. In such a network, the number of users typically ranges from 2 to 10. This range is common for small-scale peer-to-peer networks where a limited number of devices are connected and sharing resources or files among themselves.

Explanation

A peer-to-peer network is a decentralized network where all devices or nodes are considered equal and can act as both clients and servers. In such a network, the number of users typically ranges from 2 to 10. This range is common for small-scale peer-to-peer networks where a limited number of devices are connected and sharing resources or files among themselves.

27. What type of communications network links geographically dispersed offices in other cities or around the globe?

Local area network

Metropolitan area network

Wide area network

Enterprise network

A wide area network (WAN) is a type of communications network that connects geographically dispersed offices in other cities or around the globe. Unlike local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs), which are limited to a specific geographic area, WANs cover larger areas and allow for long-distance communication. An enterprise network refers to a network within a single organization, so it is not the correct answer for linking dispersed offices. Therefore, the correct answer is wide area network.

Explanation

A wide area network (WAN) is a type of communications network that connects geographically dispersed offices in other cities or around the globe. Unlike local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs), which are limited to a specific geographic area, WANs cover larger areas and allow for long-distance communication. An enterprise network refers to a network within a single organization, so it is not the correct answer for linking dispersed offices. Therefore, the correct answer is wide area network.

28. The bridge in a network with the highest priority (the lowest number) is called the

Main

Base

Root

Master

In a network, the bridge with the highest priority, which is represented by the lowest number, is called the "Root" bridge. The Root bridge is responsible for determining the shortest path for data transmission within the network. It acts as the central point and all other bridges in the network are connected to it. The Root bridge plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall stability and efficiency of the network by controlling the flow of data.

Explanation

In a network, the bridge with the highest priority, which is represented by the lowest number, is called the "Root" bridge. The Root bridge is responsible for determining the shortest path for data transmission within the network. It acts as the central point and all other bridges in the network are connected to it. The Root bridge plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall stability and efficiency of the network by controlling the flow of data.

29. What acts as a translator between two workstations or networks that use different operating systems, communication protocols, and data format structures?

Switch

Bridge

Router

Gateway

A gateway acts as a translator between two workstations or networks that use different operating systems, communication protocols, and data format structures. It enables communication and data transfer between these networks by converting the data and protocols from one format to another. This allows seamless communication and interoperability between different systems and networks.

Explanation

A gateway acts as a translator between two workstations or networks that use different operating systems, communication protocols, and data format structures. It enables communication and data transfer between these networks by converting the data and protocols from one format to another. This allows seamless communication and interoperability between different systems and networks.

30. What is required due to the differences between the physical speed of the print device and the processing speed of the workstation generating the print job?

File server

Print queues

Timing devices

Multi processor servers

Print queues are required due to the differences between the physical speed of the print device and the processing speed of the workstation generating the print job. Print queues allow the print jobs to be stored temporarily until the print device is ready to process them. This helps to prevent the print device from being overwhelmed with too many print jobs at once and ensures that the print jobs are processed in a timely manner.

Explanation

Print queues are required due to the differences between the physical speed of the print device and the processing speed of the workstation generating the print job. Print queues allow the print jobs to be stored temporarily until the print device is ready to process them. This helps to prevent the print device from being overwhelmed with too many print jobs at once and ensures that the print jobs are processed in a timely manner.

31. What Air Force Instruction sets the policies that unit client support administrators must comply with?

33-115

33-116

33-202

33-204

Air Force Instruction 33-115 sets the policies that unit client support administrators must comply with.

Explanation

Air Force Instruction 33-115 sets the policies that unit client support administrators must comply with.

32. What does Network Security work to ensure about a network?

Availability, confidentiality, and integrity of data

Availability, confidentiality, and backup of data

Availability, integrity, and backup of data

Confidentiality, intergrity, and backup of data

Network security works to ensure the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of data. This means that the network is protected against unauthorized access or disruptions, the data is kept confidential and only accessible to authorized users, and the data is accurate and not tampered with.

Explanation

Network security works to ensure the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of data. This means that the network is protected against unauthorized access or disruptions, the data is kept confidential and only accessible to authorized users, and the data is accurate and not tampered with.

33. What protocol is used by the IEEE 802.3 standard to avoid collisions on the network?

User data protocol

Network file system

Transmission control protocol internet protocol

Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the protocol used by the IEEE 802.3 standard to avoid collisions on the network. This protocol allows devices on the network to listen and check if the network is currently being used by another device before transmitting data. If the network is clear, the device can send data. However, if multiple devices attempt to transmit at the same time and a collision occurs, CSMA/CD detects the collision and initiates a backoff algorithm, causing the devices to wait for a random amount of time before retransmitting. This helps to prevent further collisions and ensures efficient and reliable data transmission on the network.

Explanation

Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the protocol used by the IEEE 802.3 standard to avoid collisions on the network. This protocol allows devices on the network to listen and check if the network is currently being used by another device before transmitting data. If the network is clear, the device can send data. However, if multiple devices attempt to transmit at the same time and a collision occurs, CSMA/CD detects the collision and initiates a backoff algorithm, causing the devices to wait for a random amount of time before retransmitting. This helps to prevent further collisions and ensures efficient and reliable data transmission on the network.

34. What is a set of rules that define how communications are to take place in a network. Including the format, timing, sequences, and error checking and correction?

A network operating system

A protocol

A standard

A baseline

A protocol is a set of rules that define how communications are to take place in a network. It includes specifications for the format, timing, sequences, and error checking and correction. Protocols ensure that devices on a network can communicate effectively and reliably by providing a common language and set of procedures for transmitting and receiving data. They establish the rules for how data is packaged, transmitted, and received, ensuring that information is sent and received accurately and efficiently.

Explanation

A protocol is a set of rules that define how communications are to take place in a network. It includes specifications for the format, timing, sequences, and error checking and correction. Protocols ensure that devices on a network can communicate effectively and reliably by providing a common language and set of procedures for transmitting and receiving data. They establish the rules for how data is packaged, transmitted, and received, ensuring that information is sent and received accurately and efficiently.

35. What is used to identify network nodes on a physically connected network?

Media Access control address

Network server name

Subnet mask address

Node serial number

A Media Access Control (MAC) address is used to identify network nodes on a physically connected network. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to the network interface card (NIC) of each device connected to the network. It is used at the data link layer of the OSI model to ensure that data is sent to the correct device on the network. The MAC address is typically a 48-bit hexadecimal number and is hard-coded into the NIC.

Explanation

A Media Access Control (MAC) address is used to identify network nodes on a physically connected network. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to the network interface card (NIC) of each device connected to the network. It is used at the data link layer of the OSI model to ensure that data is sent to the correct device on the network. The MAC address is typically a 48-bit hexadecimal number and is hard-coded into the NIC.

36. What Air Force instruction series covers communications and information?

30

31

32

33

Air Force instruction series 33 covers communications and information.

Explanation

Air Force instruction series 33 covers communications and information.

37. Light signals in fiber optic cables can travel distances in excess of how many miles before they need to be boosted?

25

50

100

125

Light signals in fiber optic cables can travel distances in excess of 100 miles before they need to be boosted. This is because fiber optic cables use total internal reflection to transmit light signals, which minimizes signal loss and allows for long-distance transmission without the need for boosting the signal.

Explanation

Light signals in fiber optic cables can travel distances in excess of 100 miles before they need to be boosted. This is because fiber optic cables use total internal reflection to transmit light signals, which minimizes signal loss and allows for long-distance transmission without the need for boosting the signal.

38. What type of optic fiber is used to span extremely long distances

Duplex

Half duplex

Multi mode

Single mode

Single mode optic fiber is used to span extremely long distances because it has a smaller core diameter compared to multi mode fiber. This allows for a single pathway for the light to travel through, reducing the amount of dispersion and scattering that occurs over long distances. The smaller core also allows for higher transmission speeds and less signal loss, making it ideal for long-distance communication.

Explanation

Single mode optic fiber is used to span extremely long distances because it has a smaller core diameter compared to multi mode fiber. This allows for a single pathway for the light to travel through, reducing the amount of dispersion and scattering that occurs over long distances. The smaller core also allows for higher transmission speeds and less signal loss, making it ideal for long-distance communication.

39. What is the major DoD contribution to networking?

The Ada programming language

The Filer Transfer Protocol Untility

The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

The Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Suite

The major DoD contribution to networking is the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Suite. This suite is a set of protocols that allows for the transmission of data over networks. It includes protocols such as TCP, which ensures reliable delivery of data, and IP, which handles the routing of data packets. The TCP/IP suite is widely used in computer networks, including the internet, and has become the de facto standard for networking.

Explanation

The major DoD contribution to networking is the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Suite. This suite is a set of protocols that allows for the transmission of data over networks. It includes protocols such as TCP, which ensures reliable delivery of data, and IP, which handles the routing of data packets. The TCP/IP suite is widely used in computer networks, including the internet, and has become the de facto standard for networking.

40. What network condition usually begins slowly and (if not stopped) gradually grows in severity until all traffic flow on the network is effectivley stopped?

Jabber

Hub port noise

Broadcast storm

Random Squitter

A broadcast storm is a network condition where there is an excessive amount of broadcast or multicast traffic, overwhelming the network's capacity. This can happen when a device on the network continuously sends out broadcast messages, causing other devices to respond with more broadcasts, creating a loop of excessive traffic. As the storm grows in severity, it consumes all available bandwidth, resulting in a complete halt of all network traffic.

Explanation

A broadcast storm is a network condition where there is an excessive amount of broadcast or multicast traffic, overwhelming the network's capacity. This can happen when a device on the network continuously sends out broadcast messages, causing other devices to respond with more broadcasts, creating a loop of excessive traffic. As the storm grows in severity, it consumes all available bandwidth, resulting in a complete halt of all network traffic.

41. What command is used to restrict access to Privileged Exec mode?

Password

Enable Password

Console Password

Virtual terminal password.

The command used to restrict access to Privileged Exec mode is "Enable Password". This command is used to set a password that must be entered in order to access Privileged Exec mode. By setting an enable password, only authorized users who know the password can gain access to the Privileged Exec mode and perform administrative tasks on the device.

Explanation

The command used to restrict access to Privileged Exec mode is "Enable Password". This command is used to set a password that must be entered in order to access Privileged Exec mode. By setting an enable password, only authorized users who know the password can gain access to the Privileged Exec mode and perform administrative tasks on the device.

42. What Air Force publication establishes policy on how C4 systems are acquired, operated, and maintained?

AFPD 33-1

AFPD 33-2

AFI 33-202

AF 33-204

AFPD 33-1 is the correct answer because it is the Air Force publication that establishes policy on how C4 systems are acquired, operated, and maintained. This publication provides guidance and direction for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of C4 systems within the Air Force. It outlines the policies and procedures that must be followed to ensure the effective and efficient use of C4 systems in support of Air Force missions.

Explanation

AFPD 33-1 is the correct answer because it is the Air Force publication that establishes policy on how C4 systems are acquired, operated, and maintained. This publication provides guidance and direction for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of C4 systems within the Air Force. It outlines the policies and procedures that must be followed to ensure the effective and efficient use of C4 systems in support of Air Force missions.

43. How many users are in a single-server network?

2-10

10-50

50-250

250-1000

In a single-server network, the number of users can range from 10 to 50. This means that there can be a minimum of 10 users and a maximum of 50 users in this type of network configuration.

Explanation

In a single-server network, the number of users can range from 10 to 50. This means that there can be a minimum of 10 users and a maximum of 50 users in this type of network configuration.

44. What is a form of communication that transmits information as a serial stream of bits or bytes?

Asynchronous communication

Synchronous communication

Half-duplex communication

Duplex communication

Asynchronous communication is a form of communication that transmits information as a serial stream of bits or bytes. In asynchronous communication, data is transmitted one bit at a time, with each bit being accompanied by start and stop bits to indicate the beginning and end of a data unit. This type of communication is commonly used in computer networks and telecommunications systems, where it allows for efficient and reliable transmission of data over long distances. Unlike synchronous communication, which transmits data in a continuous stream without start and stop bits, asynchronous communication is more flexible and can handle variations in timing between the sender and receiver.

Explanation

Asynchronous communication is a form of communication that transmits information as a serial stream of bits or bytes. In asynchronous communication, data is transmitted one bit at a time, with each bit being accompanied by start and stop bits to indicate the beginning and end of a data unit. This type of communication is commonly used in computer networks and telecommunications systems, where it allows for efficient and reliable transmission of data over long distances. Unlike synchronous communication, which transmits data in a continuous stream without start and stop bits, asynchronous communication is more flexible and can handle variations in timing between the sender and receiver.

45. What is a logical grouping of end stations, independent of physical location, with a common set of requirments called?

Framed local area network

Logical local area network

Private local area network

Virtual local area network

A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical grouping of end stations that are independent of their physical location and have a common set of requirements. VLANs allow network administrators to create separate networks within a larger physical network, enabling better control over network traffic and security. By grouping end stations based on their requirements rather than physical location, VLANs provide flexibility and scalability in network management.

Explanation

A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical grouping of end stations that are independent of their physical location and have a common set of requirements. VLANs allow network administrators to create separate networks within a larger physical network, enabling better control over network traffic and security. By grouping end stations based on their requirements rather than physical location, VLANs provide flexibility and scalability in network management.

46. In what Dynamic Routing protocol must packets go the complete distance before discovering the destination is unreachable?

Link State

Manual routing

Distance timing

Distance vectoring

Distance vectoring is a dynamic routing protocol where packets must go the complete distance before discovering that the destination is unreachable. In this protocol, routers exchange information about the network by sending updates to their neighboring routers. Each router maintains a routing table that contains information about the distance to reach each destination. When a router receives an update, it updates its routing table accordingly. However, since routers only have information about their neighboring routers, it takes time for the information about an unreachable destination to propagate through the network. Therefore, packets may need to travel the complete distance before the router realizes that the destination is unreachable.

Explanation

Distance vectoring is a dynamic routing protocol where packets must go the complete distance before discovering that the destination is unreachable. In this protocol, routers exchange information about the network by sending updates to their neighboring routers. Each router maintains a routing table that contains information about the distance to reach each destination. When a router receives an update, it updates its routing table accordingly. However, since routers only have information about their neighboring routers, it takes time for the information about an unreachable destination to propagate through the network. Therefore, packets may need to travel the complete distance before the router realizes that the destination is unreachable.

47. What are the network connections through which network traffic enters and exits a router called?

Interfaces

Serial interface

Switching ports

Console and auxiliary ports

Interfaces are the network connections through which network traffic enters and exits a router. They provide the physical and logical connections between the router and other devices or networks. Different types of interfaces can be used, such as Ethernet interfaces for connecting to local area networks (LANs), serial interfaces for connecting to wide area networks (WANs), or virtual interfaces for creating logical connections. The interfaces allow the router to send and receive data packets, perform routing functions, and connect to different networks or devices.

Explanation

Interfaces are the network connections through which network traffic enters and exits a router. They provide the physical and logical connections between the router and other devices or networks. Different types of interfaces can be used, such as Ethernet interfaces for connecting to local area networks (LANs), serial interfaces for connecting to wide area networks (WANs), or virtual interfaces for creating logical connections. The interfaces allow the router to send and receive data packets, perform routing functions, and connect to different networks or devices.

48. What filters network traffic by controlling whether routed packets are forwarded or blocked at a router's interface?

Password filters

User passwords

Router protocols

Access control lists

Access control lists (ACLs) are used to filter network traffic by controlling whether routed packets are forwarded or blocked at a router's interface. ACLs are a set of rules that are applied to incoming or outgoing packets to determine whether they should be allowed or denied based on criteria such as source/destination IP address, port number, or protocol type. By configuring ACLs on a router, network administrators can enforce security policies and restrict access to certain network resources.

Explanation

Access control lists (ACLs) are used to filter network traffic by controlling whether routed packets are forwarded or blocked at a router's interface. ACLs are a set of rules that are applied to incoming or outgoing packets to determine whether they should be allowed or denied based on criteria such as source/destination IP address, port number, or protocol type. By configuring ACLs on a router, network administrators can enforce security policies and restrict access to certain network resources.

49. What does AFPD 33-1 Establish policy on?

Identifies responsibilities for managment of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and Air Force-unique software acquired by the Air Force

Establishes policy on how command, control, communications and computer (C4) systems are acquired, operated, and maintained.

Establishes Air Force Computer Security (COMPUSEC) requirements for Information Assurance

The correct answer is "Establishes policy on how command, control, communications and computer (C4) systems are acquired, operated, and maintained." This answer accurately describes the purpose of AFPD 33-1, which is to establish policy guidelines for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of command, control, communications, and computer systems. It outlines the standardized management practices for planning and implementing these systems and the base-level infrastructure.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Establishes policy on how command, control, communications and computer (C4) systems are acquired, operated, and maintained." This answer accurately describes the purpose of AFPD 33-1, which is to establish policy guidelines for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of command, control, communications, and computer systems. It outlines the standardized management practices for planning and implementing these systems and the base-level infrastructure.

50. What network topology consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connect?

Star

Bus

Ring

Mesh

A network topology that consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connect is known as a Bus topology. In this type of network, all devices share the same communication medium, which is the central cable. Each device is connected to the cable through a connector called a tap. When a device wants to communicate with another device, it sends the data onto the bus, and all devices on the network receive the data. This topology is simple and cost-effective, but it can be prone to collisions and network congestion.

Explanation

A network topology that consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connect is known as a Bus topology. In this type of network, all devices share the same communication medium, which is the central cable. Each device is connected to the cable through a connector called a tap. When a device wants to communicate with another device, it sends the data onto the bus, and all devices on the network receive the data. This topology is simple and cost-effective, but it can be prone to collisions and network congestion.

51. What X series protocol is a Message handling System (MHS) standard, that defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system?

X.25

X.50

X.400

X.500

X.400 is a protocol that is a Message handling System (MHS) standard. It defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system. This protocol is used for sending and receiving messages in a distributed messaging environment. X.400 provides a standardized way to format, route, and deliver messages between different email systems. It is commonly used in government and military applications where secure and reliable message delivery is essential.

Explanation

X.400 is a protocol that is a Message handling System (MHS) standard. It defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system. This protocol is used for sending and receiving messages in a distributed messaging environment. X.400 provides a standardized way to format, route, and deliver messages between different email systems. It is commonly used in government and military applications where secure and reliable message delivery is essential.

52. What X series protocol is a Directory Services specification standard that defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system?

X.25

X.50

X.400

X.500

The X.500 protocol is a Directory Services specification standard that defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system. This protocol is used for managing and accessing directory information in a network. It provides a hierarchical directory structure and allows for the retrieval and storage of information in a distributed directory database.

Explanation

The X.500 protocol is a Directory Services specification standard that defines the structure of a store-and-forward e-mail message handling system. This protocol is used for managing and accessing directory information in a network. It provides a hierarchical directory structure and allows for the retrieval and storage of information in a distributed directory database.

53. How many octets is the standard Internet Protocol broken down into?

2

4

6

8

The standard Internet Protocol is broken down into 4 octets. An octet is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. In the case of the Internet Protocol, each octet represents a portion of the IP address. The IP address is made up of four sets of numbers, with each set ranging from 0 to 255. Each set of numbers is represented by one octet, resulting in a total of 4 octets for the complete IP address. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Explanation

The standard Internet Protocol is broken down into 4 octets. An octet is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. In the case of the Internet Protocol, each octet represents a portion of the IP address. The IP address is made up of four sets of numbers, with each set ranging from 0 to 255. Each set of numbers is represented by one octet, resulting in a total of 4 octets for the complete IP address. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

54. What NIC module drives the signal onto and from the physical medium?

Encode Decode

Frame Buffering

Transmit Receive

MAC Layer processing

The correct answer is "Transmit Receive" because the NIC (Network Interface Card) module is responsible for transmitting and receiving data signals onto and from the physical medium, such as Ethernet cables or wireless connections. This module handles the encoding and decoding of data, as well as frame buffering and MAC layer processing, to ensure efficient and accurate communication between devices on a network.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Transmit Receive" because the NIC (Network Interface Card) module is responsible for transmitting and receiving data signals onto and from the physical medium, such as Ethernet cables or wireless connections. This module handles the encoding and decoding of data, as well as frame buffering and MAC layer processing, to ensure efficient and accurate communication between devices on a network.

55. What is a set of subnets that are connected with routers?

Internetwork

Intranetwork

Homogeneous network

Heterogeneous network

An internetwork is a set of subnets that are connected with routers. Routers are used to connect different subnets together, allowing for communication between devices in different subnets. This creates a larger network that spans across multiple locations or networks.

Explanation

An internetwork is a set of subnets that are connected with routers. Routers are used to connect different subnets together, allowing for communication between devices in different subnets. This creates a larger network that spans across multiple locations or networks.

56. In most cases the frequencies used by wireless networks are in what frequency band?

Television band

Very high frequency (VHF) band

Ultra high frequency (UHF) band

Industrial scientific and medical (ISM)

Wireless networks generally use frequencies in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. This band is specifically designated for non-communication purposes such as industrial, scientific, and medical applications. It is a popular choice for wireless networks because it is unlicensed, meaning anyone can use it without needing to obtain a license. Additionally, the ISM band offers a good balance between signal range and data transmission capabilities.

Explanation

Wireless networks generally use frequencies in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. This band is specifically designated for non-communication purposes such as industrial, scientific, and medical applications. It is a popular choice for wireless networks because it is unlicensed, meaning anyone can use it without needing to obtain a license. Additionally, the ISM band offers a good balance between signal range and data transmission capabilities.

57. What layer of the OSI model is really a set of rules regarding the hardwareused to transmit data?

Physical

Data link

Network

Transport

The correct answer is Physical because the physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the actual transmission of data over the physical medium. It defines the electrical, mechanical, and procedural characteristics of the physical connection between devices. This layer deals with the physical aspects such as cables, connectors, and network interface cards, and it ensures that the data is transmitted reliably from one device to another.

Explanation

The correct answer is Physical because the physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the actual transmission of data over the physical medium. It defines the electrical, mechanical, and procedural characteristics of the physical connection between devices. This layer deals with the physical aspects such as cables, connectors, and network interface cards, and it ensures that the data is transmitted reliably from one device to another.

58. What is the technology called that allows NIC's to determine the type of Ethernet signal transmitted by a device at the other end and adjust its speed to the highest common speed between the two devices?

Auto negotiation

Autodatasensing

Speed sensing

Auto timing

Auto negotiation is the technology that allows NIC's (Network Interface Cards) to determine the type of Ethernet signal transmitted by a device at the other end and adjust its speed to the highest common speed between the two devices. This technology enables devices to automatically negotiate and establish the best possible connection speed, ensuring efficient and reliable communication between network devices.

Explanation

Auto negotiation is the technology that allows NIC's (Network Interface Cards) to determine the type of Ethernet signal transmitted by a device at the other end and adjust its speed to the highest common speed between the two devices. This technology enables devices to automatically negotiate and establish the best possible connection speed, ensuring efficient and reliable communication between network devices.

59. Data in which root-key determines which device drivers and services will load during the boot process

HKEY_USERS

HKEY_CPASSES_ROOT

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

HKEY_CURRENT CONFIG

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE is the correct answer because it is a root key in the Windows Registry that contains information about the hardware, software, and preferences of the local machine. During the boot process, the operating system uses this key to determine which device drivers and services need to be loaded.

Explanation

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE is the correct answer because it is a root key in the Windows Registry that contains information about the hardware, software, and preferences of the local machine. During the boot process, the operating system uses this key to determine which device drivers and services need to be loaded.

60. What network component serves as a central connecting point and is used to extend the physical media by repeating the signal it receives in one port out to all the other ports indiscriminately?

Hub

Codecs

Modem

Router

A hub is a network component that serves as a central connecting point. It receives a signal from one port and repeats it to all the other ports indiscriminately, thereby extending the physical media. Unlike routers, hubs do not analyze or direct traffic based on IP addresses. Codecs are used for encoding and decoding audio and video signals, modems are used for connecting to the internet, and routers are used for directing network traffic.

Explanation

A hub is a network component that serves as a central connecting point. It receives a signal from one port and repeats it to all the other ports indiscriminately, thereby extending the physical media. Unlike routers, hubs do not analyze or direct traffic based on IP addresses. Codecs are used for encoding and decoding audio and video signals, modems are used for connecting to the internet, and routers are used for directing network traffic.

61. Bridging loops are created when...

There is only one path to the destination

There is more than one path to the destination

The destination is unreachable by only one path

The destination is unreachable by multiple paths

When there is more than one path to the destination, bridging loops are created. This means that there are multiple routes that can be taken to reach the destination, which can cause loops in the network. These loops can lead to issues such as broadcast storms and network congestion. It is important to properly configure the network to prevent bridging loops and ensure efficient communication.

Explanation

When there is more than one path to the destination, bridging loops are created. This means that there are multiple routes that can be taken to reach the destination, which can cause loops in the network. These loops can lead to issues such as broadcast storms and network congestion. It is important to properly configure the network to prevent bridging loops and ensure efficient communication.

62. The function performed by a router to move information from one router to another according to decided path determination is

Directing

Routing

Switching

Vectoring

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. The function of routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel from one router to another. This is done by analyzing the destination IP address of the packet and using routing tables to determine the next hop. Routing ensures that data packets are delivered efficiently and accurately to their intended destinations.

Explanation

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. The function of routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel from one router to another. This is done by analyzing the destination IP address of the packet and using routing tables to determine the next hop. Routing ensures that data packets are delivered efficiently and accurately to their intended destinations.

63. What command interface configuration command is used to activate an interface?

Enable int

Interface up

No shutdown

Enable interface

The correct answer is "No shutdown". This command is used in the command interface configuration mode to activate or enable an interface. By using the "no shutdown" command, the interface is brought up and allowed to send and receive network traffic.

Explanation

The correct answer is "No shutdown". This command is used in the command interface configuration mode to activate or enable an interface. By using the "no shutdown" command, the interface is brought up and allowed to send and receive network traffic.

64. What is a set of keys, subkeys, and values from the registry stored in its own file location called?

Cave

Hive

Domain cave

Client hive

A set of keys, subkeys, and values from the registry stored in its own file location is called a "hive". A hive is a logical group of keys, subkeys, and values that are stored in the Windows Registry. Each hive is stored in its own file location and represents a different aspect of the registry.

Explanation

A set of keys, subkeys, and values from the registry stored in its own file location is called a "hive". A hive is a logical group of keys, subkeys, and values that are stored in the Windows Registry. Each hive is stored in its own file location and represents a different aspect of the registry.

65. How many users are in a multi-server high-speed backbone network

2-10

10-50

50-250

250-1000

A multi-server high-speed backbone network typically supports a large number of users due to its high capacity and scalability. The range of 250-1000 users suggests that this network can accommodate a significant number of users, making it suitable for medium to large organizations or institutions. This range indicates that the network is designed to handle a substantial amount of traffic and provide efficient connectivity for a diverse user base.

Explanation

A multi-server high-speed backbone network typically supports a large number of users due to its high capacity and scalability. The range of 250-1000 users suggests that this network can accommodate a significant number of users, making it suitable for medium to large organizations or institutions. This range indicates that the network is designed to handle a substantial amount of traffic and provide efficient connectivity for a diverse user base.

66. What type of optic fiber is designed for the local area network environment and light is typically generated with a light emitting diode?

Duplex

Half duplex

Multi mode

Single mode

Multi mode optic fiber is designed for the local area network environment and is typically used with a light emitting diode (LED) as the light source. Multi mode fiber allows multiple modes or paths for the light to travel through the fiber, which results in a larger core size and higher light dispersion. This makes it suitable for short distance transmissions within a local area network.

Explanation

Multi mode optic fiber is designed for the local area network environment and is typically used with a light emitting diode (LED) as the light source. Multi mode fiber allows multiple modes or paths for the light to travel through the fiber, which results in a larger core size and higher light dispersion. This makes it suitable for short distance transmissions within a local area network.

67. What is the binary equivalent to the dotted decimal number 96?

01100000

01100110

00001100

10000001

The binary equivalent of the dotted decimal number 96 is 01100000. In binary, each digit can have a value of either 0 or 1. The dotted decimal notation separates the binary number into 4 groups of 8 bits each. In this case, the binary number is represented by a single group of 8 bits, which is 01100000.

Explanation

The binary equivalent of the dotted decimal number 96 is 01100000. In binary, each digit can have a value of either 0 or 1. The dotted decimal notation separates the binary number into 4 groups of 8 bits each. In this case, the binary number is represented by a single group of 8 bits, which is 01100000.

68. What type of hub has special capabilities for configurations and or management?

An active hub

An intelligent hub

A passive hub

A smart hub

An intelligent hub has special capabilities for configurations and management. Unlike a passive hub, which simply broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices, an intelligent hub can analyze and manipulate data packets. It can also be programmed with specific rules and settings to optimize network performance and security. This makes it a more advanced and efficient option for managing network connections compared to other types of hubs.

Explanation

An intelligent hub has special capabilities for configurations and management. Unlike a passive hub, which simply broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices, an intelligent hub can analyze and manipulate data packets. It can also be programmed with specific rules and settings to optimize network performance and security. This makes it a more advanced and efficient option for managing network connections compared to other types of hubs.

69. What prevents a router from sending route information back to the router from which it came?

Hold downs

Split horizons

Poision reverse

Excess transfer

Split horizons is a technique used in computer networking to prevent a router from sending route information back to the router from which it came. This technique ensures that a router does not advertise a route back to the same router that it learned the route from, thus preventing routing loops. By implementing split horizons, routers can avoid sending unnecessary or incorrect route information, improving the efficiency and stability of the network.

Explanation

Split horizons is a technique used in computer networking to prevent a router from sending route information back to the router from which it came. This technique ensures that a router does not advertise a route back to the same router that it learned the route from, thus preventing routing loops. By implementing split horizons, routers can avoid sending unnecessary or incorrect route information, improving the efficiency and stability of the network.

70. What do all access lists end with?

Router name

Implicit deny

Network subnet mask

Network internet Protocol address

Access lists in networking are used to control the flow of traffic in a network. They are used to permit or deny specific types of traffic based on certain criteria. At the end of every access list, there is an implicit deny statement, which means that if a packet does not match any of the permit statements in the access list, it will be denied by default. This ensures that only explicitly permitted traffic is allowed through the network, enhancing security and control. Therefore, the correct answer is "Implicit deny."

Explanation

Access lists in networking are used to control the flow of traffic in a network. They are used to permit or deny specific types of traffic based on certain criteria. At the end of every access list, there is an implicit deny statement, which means that if a packet does not match any of the permit statements in the access list, it will be denied by default. This ensures that only explicitly permitted traffic is allowed through the network, enhancing security and control. Therefore, the correct answer is "Implicit deny."

71. As information passes down through the protocol layers, what is the packet that is formed called?

Protocol control information

User datagram protocol

Protocol data unit

Transmission control protocol

The packet that is formed as information passes down through the protocol layers is called a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). This term refers to the unit of data that is encapsulated at each layer of the protocol stack, containing the necessary control information and payload data. PDUs are used to facilitate communication and ensure the proper delivery of data between network devices.

Explanation

The packet that is formed as information passes down through the protocol layers is called a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). This term refers to the unit of data that is encapsulated at each layer of the protocol stack, containing the necessary control information and payload data. PDUs are used to facilitate communication and ensure the proper delivery of data between network devices.

72. What makes it possible for implementers to produce new Network File Systems without having to reconstruct their own system's internal data representation forms to suit Network File Systems?

Remote pocedure call

User datagram protocol

EXternal data representation

Transmission control protocol

eXternal data representation allows implementers to produce new Network File Systems without having to reconstruct their own system's internal data representation forms. This is because eXternal data representation provides a standardized format for representing data that can be understood by different systems, regardless of their internal data representation. This allows for interoperability between different systems and simplifies the process of developing new Network File Systems.

Explanation

eXternal data representation allows implementers to produce new Network File Systems without having to reconstruct their own system's internal data representation forms. This is because eXternal data representation provides a standardized format for representing data that can be understood by different systems, regardless of their internal data representation. This allows for interoperability between different systems and simplifies the process of developing new Network File Systems.

73. What are the four basic functions of a bridge?

Listen, learn, filter, forward

Listen, direct, filter, forward

Detect, direct, filter, forward

Listen, learn, detect, direct

The four basic functions of a bridge are to listen to network traffic, learn the MAC addresses of devices connected to the bridge, filter and forward network packets based on their destination MAC addresses.

Explanation

The four basic functions of a bridge are to listen to network traffic, learn the MAC addresses of devices connected to the bridge, filter and forward network packets based on their destination MAC addresses.

74. What is a detailed analysis of the performance of a specific application or a specific network element

Performance reference

Comparative reference

Benchmark

Baseline

A benchmark is a detailed analysis of the performance of a specific application or network element. It involves measuring and evaluating the performance against a set of predetermined criteria or standards. A benchmark provides a reference point for comparison and helps identify areas of improvement or optimization. It is commonly used to assess the performance of hardware, software, or network systems and can be used to make informed decisions about upgrades or changes to improve performance.

Explanation

A benchmark is a detailed analysis of the performance of a specific application or network element. It involves measuring and evaluating the performance against a set of predetermined criteria or standards. A benchmark provides a reference point for comparison and helps identify areas of improvement or optimization. It is commonly used to assess the performance of hardware, software, or network systems and can be used to make informed decisions about upgrades or changes to improve performance.

75. What function within the Network Control Center provides technical assitance to the unit functional system administrators and workgroup managers?

Network Security

Network Performance

Network Management

Network Administration

The function within the Network Control Center that provides technical assistance to the unit functional system administrators and workgroup managers is Network Administration. This function is responsible for managing and maintaining the network infrastructure, ensuring its smooth operation, and providing support to the system administrators and workgroup managers in troubleshooting and resolving technical issues.

Explanation

The function within the Network Control Center that provides technical assistance to the unit functional system administrators and workgroup managers is Network Administration. This function is responsible for managing and maintaining the network infrastructure, ensuring its smooth operation, and providing support to the system administrators and workgroup managers in troubleshooting and resolving technical issues.

76. What are the principal advantages of fiber optics with present day transmission technology?

Sturdiness and security

Security and throughput

Sturdiness and media cost

Throughput and media cost

Fiber optics offer the principal advantages of sturdiness and security with present-day transmission technology. The durability of fiber optic cables makes them resistant to physical damage and environmental factors such as temperature and moisture. This ensures that the transmission remains reliable and uninterrupted. Additionally, fiber optics provide enhanced security as they are difficult to tap into or intercept, making them ideal for transmitting sensitive information.

Explanation

Fiber optics offer the principal advantages of sturdiness and security with present-day transmission technology. The durability of fiber optic cables makes them resistant to physical damage and environmental factors such as temperature and moisture. This ensures that the transmission remains reliable and uninterrupted. Additionally, fiber optics provide enhanced security as they are difficult to tap into or intercept, making them ideal for transmitting sensitive information.

77. What NIC module converts information into a coded data stream?

Encode Decode

Frame Buffering

Transmit Receive

MAC Layer Processing

The NIC module that converts information into a coded data stream is the "Encode Decode" module. This module is responsible for encoding the data into a format that can be transmitted over a network. It takes the input information and converts it into a coded data stream that can be understood by the receiving device. This process involves converting the data into a digital format, applying encoding techniques such as modulation or compression, and then transmitting it over the network. The receiving device will then use a corresponding "Decode" module to convert the coded data stream back into its original form.

Explanation

The NIC module that converts information into a coded data stream is the "Encode Decode" module. This module is responsible for encoding the data into a format that can be transmitted over a network. It takes the input information and converts it into a coded data stream that can be understood by the receiving device. This process involves converting the data into a digital format, applying encoding techniques such as modulation or compression, and then transmitting it over the network. The receiving device will then use a corresponding "Decode" module to convert the coded data stream back into its original form.

78. What Air Force publication identifies responsibilites for supporting critical Air Force communications and information networks primarily through network control centers?

AFPD 33-1

AFPD 33-2

AFI 33-115, Volume 1

AFI 33-115, Volume 2

AFI 33-115, Volume 1 is the correct answer because it is the Air Force publication that identifies responsibilities for supporting critical Air Force communications and information networks primarily through network control centers. This publication provides guidance on the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in managing and maintaining these networks, ensuring their availability and security. It outlines the procedures and protocols to be followed in order to effectively support and manage Air Force communications and information networks.

Explanation

AFI 33-115, Volume 1 is the correct answer because it is the Air Force publication that identifies responsibilities for supporting critical Air Force communications and information networks primarily through network control centers. This publication provides guidance on the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in managing and maintaining these networks, ensuring their availability and security. It outlines the procedures and protocols to be followed in order to effectively support and manage Air Force communications and information networks.

79. What type of routing is the establishment of routes by the network administrator that changes only when done manually?

Static routing

Manual routing

Dynamic routing

Group source routing

Static routing is the type of routing where the network administrator manually establishes routes that do not change automatically. This means that the network administrator has to manually configure the routes and update them whenever there are changes in the network topology or routing requirements. Unlike dynamic routing, which uses routing protocols to automatically update and adjust routes based on network conditions, static routing requires manual intervention to make any changes to the routing table. Therefore, static routing is the correct answer for the given question.

Explanation

Static routing is the type of routing where the network administrator manually establishes routes that do not change automatically. This means that the network administrator has to manually configure the routes and update them whenever there are changes in the network topology or routing requirements. Unlike dynamic routing, which uses routing protocols to automatically update and adjust routes based on network conditions, static routing requires manual intervention to make any changes to the routing table. Therefore, static routing is the correct answer for the given question.

80. Where is the backup copy of the Cisco Internet Operating System configuration information stored in the internetworking devices?

Flash memory

Nonvolatile random access memory

Random access memory/digital random access memory

Read-only memory

The backup copy of the Cisco Internet Operating System configuration information is stored in nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). NVRAM is a type of memory that retains its data even when the power is turned off. This makes it an ideal location for storing important configuration information that needs to persist across reboots. Flash memory is also commonly used for storing the IOS image and other files, but it is not specifically mentioned as the location for the backup configuration information. Random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) are not typically used for storing backup configuration information.

Explanation

The backup copy of the Cisco Internet Operating System configuration information is stored in nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). NVRAM is a type of memory that retains its data even when the power is turned off. This makes it an ideal location for storing important configuration information that needs to persist across reboots. Flash memory is also commonly used for storing the IOS image and other files, but it is not specifically mentioned as the location for the backup configuration information. Random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) are not typically used for storing backup configuration information.

81. What type of server is a bundle of application software designed to significantly improve network efficiency and productivity

Application

Domain Name System

Network Management System

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A Network Management System is a type of server that is designed to significantly improve network efficiency and productivity. It is a bundle of application software that allows network administrators to monitor, control, and manage the various components of a network. This includes devices, servers, applications, and more. By using a Network Management System, administrators can identify and resolve network issues, optimize network performance, and ensure that the network is running smoothly.

Explanation

A Network Management System is a type of server that is designed to significantly improve network efficiency and productivity. It is a bundle of application software that allows network administrators to monitor, control, and manage the various components of a network. This includes devices, servers, applications, and more. By using a Network Management System, administrators can identify and resolve network issues, optimize network performance, and ensure that the network is running smoothly.

82. What network type normally utilizes non-dedicated servers?

Peer-to-peer

Single-server

Multi-server

Multi-server high-speed backbone

A peer-to-peer network type typically utilizes non-dedicated servers. In a peer-to-peer network, all devices within the network can act as both clients and servers, sharing resources and information with each other without the need for a dedicated server. This decentralized approach allows for a more flexible and scalable network, as there is no single point of failure or bottleneck.

Explanation

A peer-to-peer network type typically utilizes non-dedicated servers. In a peer-to-peer network, all devices within the network can act as both clients and servers, sharing resources and information with each other without the need for a dedicated server. This decentralized approach allows for a more flexible and scalable network, as there is no single point of failure or bottleneck.

83. Within the Windows enviroment, what is the central repository for the entire software and hardware configuration settings in a computer running the Windows based NTr operating system

Registry

Systems32

WINNT/dev directory

WINNT/config directory

The correct answer is the Registry. The Registry is a central repository for all software and hardware configuration settings in a Windows computer running the NTr operating system. It stores information about system settings, user preferences, installed programs, and hardware devices. The Registry is essential for the proper functioning of the operating system and allows users to customize their computer's settings.

Explanation

The correct answer is the Registry. The Registry is a central repository for all software and hardware configuration settings in a Windows computer running the NTr operating system. It stores information about system settings, user preferences, installed programs, and hardware devices. The Registry is essential for the proper functioning of the operating system and allows users to customize their computer's settings.

84. On what network topology, can muliple transmit frames co-exist

Star

Bus

Hybrid

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network topology that allows multiple transmit frames to co-exist. FDDI is a high-speed networking technology that uses optical fiber cables to transmit data. It is designed to provide high bandwidth and reliability, making it suitable for environments where multiple frames need to be transmitted simultaneously without interference.

Explanation

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network topology that allows multiple transmit frames to co-exist. FDDI is a high-speed networking technology that uses optical fiber cables to transmit data. It is designed to provide high bandwidth and reliability, making it suitable for environments where multiple frames need to be transmitted simultaneously without interference.

85. What layer of the OSI model provides the grammar by which machines converse with each other and serves as a vehicle for information transmission?

Physical

Data link

Network

Transport

The data link layer of the OSI model provides the grammar by which machines converse with each other and serves as a vehicle for information transmission. This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames between nodes over a physical network. It ensures error-free transmission and handles flow control, error detection, and correction. The data link layer also defines protocols for addressing and accessing the physical network.

Explanation

The data link layer of the OSI model provides the grammar by which machines converse with each other and serves as a vehicle for information transmission. This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames between nodes over a physical network. It ensures error-free transmission and handles flow control, error detection, and correction. The data link layer also defines protocols for addressing and accessing the physical network.

86. From what level can all other command modes be accessed?

User Exec level

Console Exec level

Privilaged Exec level

Global Configuration level

The correct answer is "Privilaged Exec level". This is the level from which all other command modes can be accessed. The Privilaged Exec level allows users to access and configure the router or switch, as well as perform tasks such as viewing the system status and running diagnostic commands. It is a higher level of access compared to the User Exec level, Console Exec level, and Global Configuration level.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Privilaged Exec level". This is the level from which all other command modes can be accessed. The Privilaged Exec level allows users to access and configure the router or switch, as well as perform tasks such as viewing the system status and running diagnostic commands. It is a higher level of access compared to the User Exec level, Console Exec level, and Global Configuration level.

87. What routing metric is generally based upon the bit-error rate of the link?

Delay

Reliability

Path length

Maximum transmission unit

The routing metric that is generally based upon the bit-error rate of the link is reliability. Reliability is a measure of the likelihood that data packets will be successfully transmitted without errors over a particular link. A lower bit-error rate indicates a more reliable link, and this information can be used by routing protocols to determine the best path for data transmission.

Explanation

The routing metric that is generally based upon the bit-error rate of the link is reliability. Reliability is a measure of the likelihood that data packets will be successfully transmitted without errors over a particular link. A lower bit-error rate indicates a more reliable link, and this information can be used by routing protocols to determine the best path for data transmission.

88. To determine the level of network service provided to the users, you will make a measurement of the total response time.

Average bandwidth and availability of the network

Rejection rate and average bandwidth

Systems failure rate and average bandwidth

Rejection rate and availability of the network

The rejection rate and availability of the network are important factors in determining the level of network service provided to the users. The rejection rate refers to the rate at which requests or connections are denied or rejected by the network. A high rejection rate indicates that the network is unable to handle the demand from users, leading to a poor level of service. On the other hand, availability refers to the percentage of time that the network is operational and accessible to users. A high availability indicates that the network is reliable and provides a good level of service. Therefore, by measuring the rejection rate and availability, one can assess the level of network service provided to the users.

Explanation

The rejection rate and availability of the network are important factors in determining the level of network service provided to the users. The rejection rate refers to the rate at which requests or connections are denied or rejected by the network. A high rejection rate indicates that the network is unable to handle the demand from users, leading to a poor level of service. On the other hand, availability refers to the percentage of time that the network is operational and accessible to users. A high availability indicates that the network is reliable and provides a good level of service. Therefore, by measuring the rejection rate and availability, one can assess the level of network service provided to the users.

89. What does a station specifically send when it sends a general request through the network asking any station to respond to receive the token?

Broadcast address

Tapped approach

Who follows frame

Solicit successor frame

A station specifically sends a "Solicit successor frame" when it sends a general request through the network asking any station to respond to receive the token.

Explanation

A station specifically sends a "Solicit successor frame" when it sends a general request through the network asking any station to respond to receive the token.

90. Which protocol of TCP/IP is a connection oriented, reliable, host-to-host transport protocol?

Internet Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol

User Datagram Protocol

Network File System

The correct answer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol in the TCP/IP suite. It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on hosts on a network. TCP ensures that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors, and it also handles flow control to prevent overwhelming the receiving host. TCP is widely used in applications such as web browsing, email, file transfer, and streaming media.

Explanation

The correct answer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol in the TCP/IP suite. It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on hosts on a network. TCP ensures that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors, and it also handles flow control to prevent overwhelming the receiving host. TCP is widely used in applications such as web browsing, email, file transfer, and streaming media.

91. What NIC module temporarily holds data for processing to or from the network?

Encode Decode

Frame Buffering

Transmit Receive

MAC Layer Processing

Frame buffering refers to the temporary storage of data before it is processed or transmitted over a network. In the context of a NIC (Network Interface Card), the frame buffering module holds the data that is being received from or sent to the network. This allows the NIC to efficiently handle the data flow, ensuring smooth communication between the computer and the network.

Explanation

Frame buffering refers to the temporary storage of data before it is processed or transmitted over a network. In the context of a NIC (Network Interface Card), the frame buffering module holds the data that is being received from or sent to the network. This allows the NIC to efficiently handle the data flow, ensuring smooth communication between the computer and the network.

92. What NCC function increases network reliability by giving the network manager tools to detect problems and initate recovery procedures?

Fault management

Network management

Performance management

Configuration management

Fault management is the correct answer because it refers to the function that helps increase network reliability by providing tools to detect problems and initiate recovery procedures. This involves monitoring the network for any faults or errors, identifying the root cause of the problem, and taking appropriate actions to resolve it. By effectively managing faults, network managers can minimize downtime and ensure that the network operates smoothly and reliably.

Explanation

Fault management is the correct answer because it refers to the function that helps increase network reliability by providing tools to detect problems and initiate recovery procedures. This involves monitoring the network for any faults or errors, identifying the root cause of the problem, and taking appropriate actions to resolve it. By effectively managing faults, network managers can minimize downtime and ensure that the network operates smoothly and reliably.

93. What type of mask is used within a network that uses the same amount of bits for masking for all the subnetworks?

Subnet

Standard

Abbreviated

Variable length subnet

A standard mask is used within a network that uses the same amount of bits for masking for all the subnetworks. This means that all the subnetworks in the network will have the same subnet mask, allowing for consistent addressing and routing within the network.

Explanation

A standard mask is used within a network that uses the same amount of bits for masking for all the subnetworks. This means that all the subnetworks in the network will have the same subnet mask, allowing for consistent addressing and routing within the network.

94. What is a local area network connection device with two or more ports that forwards frames from one LAN segment to another?

Hub

Bridge

Switch

Repeater

A bridge is a local area network connection device with two or more ports that forwards frames from one LAN segment to another. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and uses the MAC addresses of devices to make forwarding decisions. Unlike a hub, which simply broadcasts all incoming frames to all connected ports, a bridge intelligently forwards frames only to the appropriate port based on the destination MAC address. This helps to reduce network congestion and improve overall network performance.

Explanation

A bridge is a local area network connection device with two or more ports that forwards frames from one LAN segment to another. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and uses the MAC addresses of devices to make forwarding decisions. Unlike a hub, which simply broadcasts all incoming frames to all connected ports, a bridge intelligently forwards frames only to the appropriate port based on the destination MAC address. This helps to reduce network congestion and improve overall network performance.

95. What prompt is displayed when in the User Exec mode on a router?

Router#

Router/

Router>

Router:

In the User Exec mode on a router, the prompt displayed is "Router>". This prompt indicates that the user is in the User Exec mode and can perform basic monitoring and troubleshooting tasks on the router. The ">" symbol signifies that the user has limited privileges and cannot make any configuration changes on the router.

Explanation

In the User Exec mode on a router, the prompt displayed is "Router>". This prompt indicates that the user is in the User Exec mode and can perform basic monitoring and troubleshooting tasks on the router. The ">" symbol signifies that the user has limited privileges and cannot make any configuration changes on the router.

96. What command is used to change the bootup values within ROM monitor mode?

Config

Confreg

Enable config

Enable confreg

The command used to change the bootup values within ROM monitor mode is "Confreg".

Explanation

The command used to change the bootup values within ROM monitor mode is "Confreg".

97. The measurement of traffic volume actually being carried by the network, typically expressed in kilobytes per second is...

Network response time

Percentage utilization

Traffic congestion

Data throughput

Data throughput refers to the measurement of the actual traffic volume that is being carried by the network. It is typically expressed in kilobytes per second. This metric helps to determine the efficiency and capacity of the network by measuring the amount of data that can be transmitted over a given period of time. It is a crucial factor in evaluating network performance and ensuring that data is being transferred efficiently without any congestion or delays.

Explanation

Data throughput refers to the measurement of the actual traffic volume that is being carried by the network. It is typically expressed in kilobytes per second. This metric helps to determine the efficiency and capacity of the network by measuring the amount of data that can be transmitted over a given period of time. It is a crucial factor in evaluating network performance and ensuring that data is being transferred efficiently without any congestion or delays.

98. What Network Control Center function responds to detected security incidents, network faults (errors), and user reported outages at the time of help desk refferal?

Network administration

Network management

Configuration management

Information protection operations

Network management is the correct answer because it involves the monitoring and control of a network's performance, security, and overall operations. This includes responding to security incidents, network faults, and user reported outages. Network administrators are responsible for managing and maintaining the network infrastructure, ensuring its smooth operation, and addressing any issues that may arise. Configuration management focuses on managing and maintaining the network's hardware and software configurations, while information protection operations deal with protecting sensitive information and data.

Explanation

Network management is the correct answer because it involves the monitoring and control of a network's performance, security, and overall operations. This includes responding to security incidents, network faults, and user reported outages. Network administrators are responsible for managing and maintaining the network infrastructure, ensuring its smooth operation, and addressing any issues that may arise. Configuration management focuses on managing and maintaining the network's hardware and software configurations, while information protection operations deal with protecting sensitive information and data.

99. Whose network area of responsibility starts at the user's terminal and ends at the server, but does not include the network backbone infrastructure components?

Unit client support administrator

Unit functional systems administrator

Network Control Center help desk

Network Control Center network administration

The correct answer is Unit functional systems administrator. The network area of responsibility for a Unit functional systems administrator starts at the user's terminal and ends at the server, meaning they are responsible for managing and supporting the systems and applications used by individual users within the network. However, their responsibility does not extend to the network backbone infrastructure components, which are typically managed by the Network Control Center network administration team.

Explanation

The correct answer is Unit functional systems administrator. The network area of responsibility for a Unit functional systems administrator starts at the user's terminal and ends at the server, meaning they are responsible for managing and supporting the systems and applications used by individual users within the network. However, their responsibility does not extend to the network backbone infrastructure components, which are typically managed by the Network Control Center network administration team.

100. Switching conducted at the layer 3 category is based upon what information?

The Media Access Control and Internet Protocol address

The Media Access Control and source address

The Internet Protocol and source addresses

The source and destination address

Switching conducted at the layer 3 category is based upon the Media Access Control (MAC) address and Internet Protocol (IP) address. Layer 3 switches use these addresses to make forwarding decisions and route data packets between different networks. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card, while the IP address is a logical address used to identify devices on a network. By considering both the MAC and IP addresses, layer 3 switches can efficiently route data packets to their intended destinations.

Explanation

Switching conducted at the layer 3 category is based upon the Media Access Control (MAC) address and Internet Protocol (IP) address. Layer 3 switches use these addresses to make forwarding decisions and route data packets between different networks. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card, while the IP address is a logical address used to identify devices on a network. By considering both the MAC and IP addresses, layer 3 switches can efficiently route data packets to their intended destinations.

101. To view the current configuration of a router, what command is used from privileged exec mode?

Show running

Show router

Show config

Show nvram

The correct answer is "Show running." This command is used from privileged exec mode to view the current configuration of a router. The "show running" command displays the running configuration of the router, which includes the current settings and parameters that are in effect. This command is commonly used for troubleshooting purposes or to verify the current configuration of the router.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Show running." This command is used from privileged exec mode to view the current configuration of a router. The "show running" command displays the running configuration of the router, which includes the current settings and parameters that are in effect. This command is commonly used for troubleshooting purposes or to verify the current configuration of the router.

102. What position is the first line of help customers contact to resolve problems?

Network Control Center (NCC)

INSOC - West

Unit MAJCOM

Workgroup Manager

The first line of help customers contact to resolve problems is the Workgroup Manager.

Explanation

The first line of help customers contact to resolve problems is the Workgroup Manager.

103. What communications device is used for converting analog signals to digital for transmission on digital lines?

Hub

Codecs

Modem

Router

Codecs, short for coder-decoder, are communications devices used to convert analog signals into digital signals and vice versa. In this context, codecs are used to convert analog signals to digital signals for transmission on digital lines. They encode the analog signals into a digital format, allowing for efficient transmission over digital lines. Therefore, codecs are the correct answer for this question.

Explanation

Codecs, short for coder-decoder, are communications devices used to convert analog signals into digital signals and vice versa. In this context, codecs are used to convert analog signals to digital signals for transmission on digital lines. They encode the analog signals into a digital format, allowing for efficient transmission over digital lines. Therefore, codecs are the correct answer for this question.

104. At what level of the Open Systems Interconnection models does a router work?

Physical

Data link

Network

Transport

A router works at the network level of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The network layer is responsible for routing packets across different networks and determining the optimal path for data transmission. Routers use network layer protocols, such as IP (Internet Protocol), to forward packets based on their destination IP addresses. They make decisions based on network layer information to ensure that data reaches its intended destination efficiently and securely.

Explanation

A router works at the network level of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The network layer is responsible for routing packets across different networks and determining the optimal path for data transmission. Routers use network layer protocols, such as IP (Internet Protocol), to forward packets based on their destination IP addresses. They make decisions based on network layer information to ensure that data reaches its intended destination efficiently and securely.

105. What is the most common method of defining Virtual local area network membership?

Port grouping

Segment grouping

Network layer grouping

Media Access Control layer grouping

The most common method of defining Virtual local area network membership is through port grouping. This means that devices are assigned to specific ports on a network switch, and these ports are then grouped together to form a VLAN. By grouping ports, network administrators can control which devices are part of a specific VLAN and restrict communication between VLANs. This method is widely used because it is flexible and allows for easy management of VLAN membership.

Explanation

The most common method of defining Virtual local area network membership is through port grouping. This means that devices are assigned to specific ports on a network switch, and these ports are then grouped together to form a VLAN. By grouping ports, network administrators can control which devices are part of a specific VLAN and restrict communication between VLANs. This method is widely used because it is flexible and allows for easy management of VLAN membership.

106. Router access lists must be applied to

Ports

Switches

Interfaces

Proxy servers

Router access lists must be applied to interfaces. Access lists are used to control the flow of traffic in and out of a router. By applying access lists to interfaces, routers can filter and control the traffic based on specific criteria such as source or destination IP addresses, protocols, or ports. This allows routers to make decisions on whether to allow or deny traffic based on the defined access control rules. Applying access lists to ports, switches, or proxy servers would not have the same effect as applying them to interfaces on a router.

Explanation

Router access lists must be applied to interfaces. Access lists are used to control the flow of traffic in and out of a router. By applying access lists to interfaces, routers can filter and control the traffic based on specific criteria such as source or destination IP addresses, protocols, or ports. This allows routers to make decisions on whether to allow or deny traffic based on the defined access control rules. Applying access lists to ports, switches, or proxy servers would not have the same effect as applying them to interfaces on a router.

107. What Air Force publication provides the policy and procedures for certifying network professionals who manage and operate government-provided information systems on Air Force networks?

AFPD 33-1

AFPD 33-2

AFI 33-115 Volume 1

AFI 33-115 Volume 2

AFI 33-115 Volume 2 is the correct answer because it provides the policy and procedures for certifying network professionals who manage and operate government-provided information systems on Air Force networks. This publication outlines the requirements and guidelines for certification, ensuring that network professionals have the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively and securely manage Air Force networks.

Explanation

AFI 33-115 Volume 2 is the correct answer because it provides the policy and procedures for certifying network professionals who manage and operate government-provided information systems on Air Force networks. This publication outlines the requirements and guidelines for certification, ensuring that network professionals have the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively and securely manage Air Force networks.

108. The IEEE 802.3 standard describes a local area network using what kind of topology

Bus

Star

Token Bus

Token ring

The correct answer is Bus. The IEEE 802.3 standard describes a local area network that uses a bus topology. In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single communication line, called a bus. Data is transmitted on the bus and all devices receive the data, but only the intended recipient processes it. This type of topology is commonly used in Ethernet networks.

Explanation

The correct answer is Bus. The IEEE 802.3 standard describes a local area network that uses a bus topology. In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single communication line, called a bus. Data is transmitted on the bus and all devices receive the data, but only the intended recipient processes it. This type of topology is commonly used in Ethernet networks.

109. Switching conducted at the layer 2 category is based solely upon what information?

The Media Access Control address

The Internet Protocol address

The destination address

The source address

Switching conducted at the layer 2 category is based solely upon the Media Access Control (MAC) address. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) by the manufacturer. Switches use the MAC address to determine the destination of a data frame and forward it only to the appropriate port. This allows for efficient and reliable communication within a local area network (LAN). The Internet Protocol (IP) address is used at the layer 3 category for routing purposes, while the destination and source addresses are used at various layers for different purposes.

Explanation

Switching conducted at the layer 2 category is based solely upon the Media Access Control (MAC) address. The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) by the manufacturer. Switches use the MAC address to determine the destination of a data frame and forward it only to the appropriate port. This allows for efficient and reliable communication within a local area network (LAN). The Internet Protocol (IP) address is used at the layer 3 category for routing purposes, while the destination and source addresses are used at various layers for different purposes.

110. From what mode is the banner motd command used in?

User Exec

Privilaged Exec

Global Configuration Mode

Router Configuration Mode

The banner motd command is used in Global Configuration Mode. In this mode, the user can configure global parameters that affect the entire router, such as interfaces, routing protocols, and security settings. The banner motd command is used to configure a message of the day (MOTD) banner, which is a message that is displayed to users when they log in to the router.

Explanation

The banner motd command is used in Global Configuration Mode. In this mode, the user can configure global parameters that affect the entire router, such as interfaces, routing protocols, and security settings. The banner motd command is used to configure a message of the day (MOTD) banner, which is a message that is displayed to users when they log in to the router.

111. What type of switch is limited in its applications to small workgroups where throughput is an issue but where potential network errors will not upset the network?

Cut through

Fragment free

Dynamic route

Store and Forward

Cut through switching is a type of switch that forwards network packets as soon as they are received, without waiting for the entire packet to be received. This type of switch is limited in its applications to small workgroups where throughput is an issue but where potential network errors will not upset the network. It prioritizes speed over error checking, making it suitable for situations where network errors are not critical and the focus is on maximizing throughput.

Explanation

Cut through switching is a type of switch that forwards network packets as soon as they are received, without waiting for the entire packet to be received. This type of switch is limited in its applications to small workgroups where throughput is an issue but where potential network errors will not upset the network. It prioritizes speed over error checking, making it suitable for situations where network errors are not critical and the focus is on maximizing throughput.

112. What is a set of statistical measurements made over a period of time that characterizes network performance?

Performance Reference

Comparative reference

Benchmark

Baseline

A baseline is a set of statistical measurements made over a period of time that characterizes network performance. It serves as a reference point for future measurements and allows for comparisons to be made to assess any changes or improvements in network performance.

Explanation

A baseline is a set of statistical measurements made over a period of time that characterizes network performance. It serves as a reference point for future measurements and allows for comparisons to be made to assess any changes or improvements in network performance.

113. What layer in the OSI model adds a trailer to the packet?

Data link

Transport

Network

Physical

The data link layer in the OSI model is responsible for adding a trailer to the packet. This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data between two directly connected devices. The trailer added by the data link layer contains additional information such as error checking codes and control information to ensure the integrity of the data being transmitted.

Explanation

The data link layer in the OSI model is responsible for adding a trailer to the packet. This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data between two directly connected devices. The trailer added by the data link layer contains additional information such as error checking codes and control information to ensure the integrity of the data being transmitted.

114. What frees the computer's attention so the user can continue working while waiting for a document to print?

Print queues

Timing devices

Print spooling

Print holding folders

Print spooling is the correct answer because it is a process that allows the computer to send a print job to a printer's queue and then free up the computer's attention to perform other tasks. The print job is temporarily stored in the print spooler, which allows the user to continue working while the document is being processed and printed in the background. This prevents the user from having to wait for the entire printing process to finish before being able to continue working.

Explanation

Print spooling is the correct answer because it is a process that allows the computer to send a print job to a printer's queue and then free up the computer's attention to perform other tasks. The print job is temporarily stored in the print spooler, which allows the user to continue working while the document is being processed and printed in the background. This prevents the user from having to wait for the entire printing process to finish before being able to continue working.

115. Which protocol of TCIP/IP provides a connectionless datagram "Network access" layer?

Internet Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol

User Datagram Protocol

Network File System

The correct answer is Internet Protocol. Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol of the TCP/IP suite that operates at the network layer. It provides a connectionless datagram service, which means that it does not establish a dedicated connection before sending data. Instead, it breaks the data into packets and sends them individually, allowing them to take different paths to the destination. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks, making it the protocol that provides the connectionless datagram service at the network access layer.

Explanation

The correct answer is Internet Protocol. Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol of the TCP/IP suite that operates at the network layer. It provides a connectionless datagram service, which means that it does not establish a dedicated connection before sending data. Instead, it breaks the data into packets and sends them individually, allowing them to take different paths to the destination. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks, making it the protocol that provides the connectionless datagram service at the network access layer.

116. What is the primary device used for connecting these networks, both within and between networks?

Bridge

Switch

Modem

Router

A router is the primary device used for connecting networks, both within and between networks. It is responsible for directing network traffic and ensuring that data packets are properly routed to their intended destinations. Unlike bridges and switches, which are used to connect devices within a network, a router can connect multiple networks together. A modem, on the other hand, is used to connect a network to the internet. Therefore, a router is the correct answer for this question.

Explanation

A router is the primary device used for connecting networks, both within and between networks. It is responsible for directing network traffic and ensuring that data packets are properly routed to their intended destinations. Unlike bridges and switches, which are used to connect devices within a network, a router can connect multiple networks together. A modem, on the other hand, is used to connect a network to the internet. Therefore, a router is the correct answer for this question.

117. What does a standard access list use to filter packets?

Destination Internet Protocol Address

Source Internet Protocol address

Application port number

Routing protocols

A standard access list uses the source Internet Protocol address to filter packets. This means that the access list will examine the source IP address of incoming packets and determine whether to allow or deny them based on predetermined rules. By filtering based on the source IP address, the access list can control which devices or networks are allowed to send traffic into a network.

Explanation

A standard access list uses the source Internet Protocol address to filter packets. This means that the access list will examine the source IP address of incoming packets and determine whether to allow or deny them based on predetermined rules. By filtering based on the source IP address, the access list can control which devices or networks are allowed to send traffic into a network.

118. The IEEE 802.5 standard was developed to cover what local network topology

Bus

Ring

Token Bus

Token Ring

The IEEE 802.5 standard was developed to cover the Token Ring local network topology. This topology uses a token passing mechanism, where a token is passed around the network to control access to the network. Each device on the network takes turns sending data using the token. This ensures fair and efficient access to the network resources.

Explanation

The IEEE 802.5 standard was developed to cover the Token Ring local network topology. This topology uses a token passing mechanism, where a token is passed around the network to control access to the network. Each device on the network takes turns sending data using the token. This ensures fair and efficient access to the network resources.

119. What type of switch reads the first 64 bytes before forwarding the fame?

Cut through

Fragment free

Dynamic route

Store and Forward

A fragment free switch is a type of switch that reads the first 64 bytes of a frame before forwarding it. This type of switch is designed to reduce the chances of forwarding corrupted or incomplete frames by checking the first 64 bytes for errors. By doing so, it ensures that the frame is intact and can be forwarded without any issues.

Explanation

A fragment free switch is a type of switch that reads the first 64 bytes of a frame before forwarding it. This type of switch is designed to reduce the chances of forwarding corrupted or incomplete frames by checking the first 64 bytes for errors. By doing so, it ensures that the frame is intact and can be forwarded without any issues.

120. What two types of enviroments are network operating systems implemented on?

Peer-to-peer and multi-server

Single-server and multi-server

Client server and multi server

Peer-to-peer and client server

Network operating systems can be implemented on two types of environments: peer-to-peer and client-server. In a peer-to-peer environment, all computers in the network have equal capabilities and can act as both clients and servers, allowing for decentralized file sharing and resource sharing. On the other hand, in a client-server environment, there is a dedicated server that manages and controls the network resources, while the clients access and use these resources. This allows for centralized management and control of the network.

Explanation

Network operating systems can be implemented on two types of environments: peer-to-peer and client-server. In a peer-to-peer environment, all computers in the network have equal capabilities and can act as both clients and servers, allowing for decentralized file sharing and resource sharing. On the other hand, in a client-server environment, there is a dedicated server that manages and controls the network resources, while the clients access and use these resources. This allows for centralized management and control of the network.

121. What network performance criteria is the most significant statistic to be collected and calculated?

Network availability

Percentage utilization

Traffic congestion

Data throughput

Network availability is the most significant statistic to be collected and calculated because it measures the amount of time a network is accessible and functioning properly. It indicates the reliability and uptime of the network, which is crucial for ensuring uninterrupted communication and access to resources. Other performance criteria such as percentage utilization, traffic congestion, and data throughput are important as well, but network availability takes precedence as it directly impacts the overall usability and effectiveness of the network.

Explanation

Network availability is the most significant statistic to be collected and calculated because it measures the amount of time a network is accessible and functioning properly. It indicates the reliability and uptime of the network, which is crucial for ensuring uninterrupted communication and access to resources. Other performance criteria such as percentage utilization, traffic congestion, and data throughput are important as well, but network availability takes precedence as it directly impacts the overall usability and effectiveness of the network.

122. What layer of the OSI model prevents a fast computer from overwhelming a slow terminal?

Physical

Data link

Network

Transport

The Transport layer of the OSI model prevents a fast computer from overwhelming a slow terminal by regulating the flow of data between them. It ensures that the amount of data sent by the fast computer is controlled and paced to match the slower terminal's processing capabilities. This prevents the slow terminal from being overloaded with too much data at once, allowing for a more efficient and balanced communication between the two devices.

Explanation

The Transport layer of the OSI model prevents a fast computer from overwhelming a slow terminal by regulating the flow of data between them. It ensures that the amount of data sent by the fast computer is controlled and paced to match the slower terminal's processing capabilities. This prevents the slow terminal from being overloaded with too much data at once, allowing for a more efficient and balanced communication between the two devices.

123. What is the only layer in the OSI model that simply transmits the completed frams?

Data link

Transport

Network

Physical

The physical layer in the OSI model is responsible for transmitting the completed frames. This layer deals with the physical transmission of data over the network, including the actual cables, connectors, and hardware devices involved. It converts the digital data into signals that can be transmitted over the physical medium, such as electrical or optical signals. Therefore, the physical layer is the only layer in the OSI model that is solely concerned with transmitting the completed frames.

Explanation

The physical layer in the OSI model is responsible for transmitting the completed frames. This layer deals with the physical transmission of data over the network, including the actual cables, connectors, and hardware devices involved. It converts the digital data into signals that can be transmitted over the physical medium, such as electrical or optical signals. Therefore, the physical layer is the only layer in the OSI model that is solely concerned with transmitting the completed frames.

124. Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with network security, file transfers, and formatting functions?

Session

Transport

Application

Presentation

The Presentation layer of the OSI model is responsible for network security, file transfers, and formatting functions. This layer is responsible for the formatting and encryption of data to be transmitted over the network. It ensures that the data is in a format that can be understood by the receiving device and also handles any necessary encryption or decryption of the data for security purposes. Additionally, the Presentation layer is responsible for the compression and decompression of data, as well as any necessary data conversion between different formats.

Explanation

The Presentation layer of the OSI model is responsible for network security, file transfers, and formatting functions. This layer is responsible for the formatting and encryption of data to be transmitted over the network. It ensures that the data is in a format that can be understood by the receiving device and also handles any necessary encryption or decryption of the data for security purposes. Additionally, the Presentation layer is responsible for the compression and decompression of data, as well as any necessary data conversion between different formats.

125. What NCC function is the central point of contact for network distribution and maintenance update of an Air Force Computer Emergency Response Team and automated systems security and antivirus software?

Network management

Security management

Network administration

Configuration management

Configuration management is the correct answer because it involves the central point of contact for network distribution and maintenance update of an Air Force Computer Emergency Response Team and automated systems security and antivirus software. Configuration management ensures that all systems and software are properly configured and up to date, which is crucial for network security and maintenance. This function is responsible for managing and controlling changes to the network and its components to ensure smooth operation and minimize security risks.

Explanation

Configuration management is the correct answer because it involves the central point of contact for network distribution and maintenance update of an Air Force Computer Emergency Response Team and automated systems security and antivirus software. Configuration management ensures that all systems and software are properly configured and up to date, which is crucial for network security and maintenance. This function is responsible for managing and controlling changes to the network and its components to ensure smooth operation and minimize security risks.

126. In the Ethernet environment, what is the minimum number of octets in a frame so it can be sent and recieved?

30

38

46

54

In the Ethernet environment, the minimum number of octets in a frame that can be sent and received is 54. This is because the minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes, which is equivalent to 512 bits. However, this includes the preamble, start frame delimiter, destination and source MAC addresses, length or type field, data payload, and the frame check sequence. Therefore, the minimum number of octets in a frame is 54.

Explanation

In the Ethernet environment, the minimum number of octets in a frame that can be sent and received is 54. This is because the minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes, which is equivalent to 512 bits. However, this includes the preamble, start frame delimiter, destination and source MAC addresses, length or type field, data payload, and the frame check sequence. Therefore, the minimum number of octets in a frame is 54.