MSNCB Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Prep

2.

A hospital patient is haemorrhaging from different trauma sites. The nurse expects that counteractive mechanisms related to hypovolemia would cause all of the subsequent symptoms except:

Oliguria
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypertension

Correct Answer

A. Hypertension

Explanation

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which is not expected in a patient who is haemorrhaging from different trauma sites and experiencing hypovolemia (low blood volume). Counteractive mechanisms related to hypovolemia, such as the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, would typically cause symptoms such as oliguria (decreased urine output), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and tachypnea (rapid breathing) in order to compensate for the decreased blood volume. Therefore, hypertension would not be expected in this scenario.

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3.

Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing hypertension?

Mr. Sam, a 52-year-old African-American who smokes cigarettes
Mr. Kim, a 67-year-old Caucasian with diabetes
Mrs. Frank, a 50-year-old African-American who is 24 pounds overweight
Mr Lev, a 52-year-old Caucasian with a family history of hypertension and heart disease

Correct Answer

A. Mr. Sam, a 52-year-old African-American who smokes cigarettes

Explanation

Mr. Sam, a 52-year-old African-American who smokes cigarettes, is at the greatest risk for developing hypertension. African-Americans have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial groups. Smoking is also a risk factor for hypertension as it can cause damage to the blood vessels and increase blood pressure. Therefore, the combination of being African-American and a smoker puts Mr. Sam at the highest risk for developing hypertension.

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4.

Why must the nurse observe for signs of pernicious anaemia after gastrectomy?

Decreased hydrochloride acid production inhibits vitamin B12 reabsorption
The extrinsic factor is produced in the stomach
The extrinsic factor is absorbed in the antral portion of the stomach
The intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach

Correct Answer

A. The intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach

Explanation

After a gastrectomy, the stomach is either partially or completely removed, which can lead to a decrease in the production of intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Without sufficient intrinsic factor, the body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 properly, leading to a condition known as pernicious anemia. Therefore, the nurse must observe for signs of pernicious anemia after gastrectomy to ensure early detection and appropriate treatment.

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5.

Mr Emre recently underwent a colostomy, throughout his first day postoperative, the nurse doesn't notice any measurable faecal emptying from the colostomy. What should the nurse do?

Irrigate the stoma
Continue the current plan of care
Call the doctor immediately
Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake

Correct Answer

A. Continue the current plan of care

Explanation

The nurse should continue the current plan of care because it is normal for there to be no measurable fecal emptying from the colostomy immediately after surgery. It takes time for the digestive system to start functioning again after a colostomy. The nurse should monitor the patient closely and assess for any signs of complications, but there is no need to panic or call the doctor immediately. Encouraging the patient to increase fluid intake is a good idea to prevent dehydration, but it will not necessarily stimulate fecal emptying at this stage.

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6.

A 43-years-old man is brought back to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which of the subsequent strategies should the nurse use to assess for bleeding?

Change the dressing applied in the operating room
Palpate the back of the neck and shoulders for evidence of bleeding
Inspect the dressing for signs of hemorrhage
Check the latest hemoglobin to determine if there has been a drop in value

Correct Answer

A. Palpate the back of the neck and shoulders for evidence of bleeding

Explanation

The nurse should palpate the back of the neck and shoulders for evidence of bleeding after a thyroidectomy because bleeding in this area can be a sign of hemorrhage. Palpating allows the nurse to feel for any swelling, tenderness, or abnormal sensations that may indicate bleeding. This method is more direct and reliable than simply inspecting the dressing, as bleeding may not always be visible on the surface. Checking the latest hemoglobin can provide additional information, but it may not be the initial assessment strategy for detecting bleeding.

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7.

Thrombus occurrence could be a danger for all post-operative clients. The nurse ought to act independently to forestall this complication by:

Performing active-assistive leg exercises
Applying elastic stockings
Encouraging adequate fluids
Gently massaging the legs with lotion

Correct Answer

A. Performing active-assistive leg exercises

Explanation

Performing active-assistive leg exercises helps to promote blood circulation and prevent the formation of blood clots (thrombus). These exercises help to keep the blood flowing and prevent stagnation in the legs, reducing the risk of thrombus occurrence. Elastic stockings also aid in preventing blood pooling and promote circulation. Encouraging adequate fluids helps to prevent dehydration, which can increase the risk of blood clot formation. Gently massaging the legs with lotion may provide temporary relief but does not directly prevent thrombus occurrence. Therefore, performing active-assistive leg exercises is the most effective intervention to prevent thrombus occurrence in post-operative clients.

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8.

Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Which fluid and solution imbalance should the nurse anticipate with a diminished secretion of this hormone?

Hypervolemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia

Correct Answer

A. Hyperkalemia

Explanation

A diminished secretion of aldosterone would result in hyperkalemia. Aldosterone plays a key role in regulating potassium levels in the body. It acts on the distal tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. Therefore, when aldosterone secretion is reduced, there is a decreased excretion of potassium, leading to an accumulation of potassium in the blood, which causes hyperkalemia.

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9.

What should the nurse plan for after a thyroid scan with radioactive iodine for a thyroid nodule?

Full radiation precautions to be instituted, including segregating the client in a private room
Full radiation precautions to be instituted for 8 hours (the half-life of radioactive iodine)
No special radiation precautions
Radiation precautions that are limited to urine and feces

Correct Answer

A. No special radiation precautions

Explanation

After a thyroid scan with radioactive iodine for a thyroid nodule, no special radiation precautions need to be taken. This is because the amount of radioactive iodine used in the scan is minimal and does not pose a significant radiation risk to others. Therefore, there is no need to segregate the client in a private room or implement any specific radiation precautions.

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10.

Mr Kim, who had a Billroth I procedure is starting to eat solid foods. The nurse ought to assess him for the development of dumping syndrome by deciding the presence of which of the following?

Bradycardia
Fever
Tumor formation
Diarrhea

Correct Answer

A. Diarrhea

Explanation

The nurse should assess Mr. Kim for the development of dumping syndrome by determining the presence of diarrhea. Dumping syndrome is a condition that occurs after a Billroth I procedure, where food moves too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine. This can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Therefore, assessing for the presence of diarrhea is important in identifying if Mr. Kim is experiencing dumping syndrome.

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Msncb Medical-surgical Nursing Exam Prep

Which of the complication of thyroidectomy would the nurse monitor?

Quiz Preview

A hospital patient is haemorrhaging from different trauma sites. The nurse expects that counteractive mechanisms related to hypovolemia would cause all of the subsequent symptoms except:

Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing hypertension?

Why must the nurse observe for signs of pernicious anaemia after gastrectomy?

Mr Emre recently underwent a colostomy, throughout his first day postoperative, the nurse doesn't notice any measurable faecal emptying from the colostomy. What should the nurse do?

A 43-years-old man is brought back to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which of the subsequent strategies should the nurse use to assess for bleeding?

Thrombus occurrence could be a danger for all post-operative clients. The nurse ought to act independently to forestall this complication by:

Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Which fluid and solution imbalance should the nurse anticipate with a diminished secretion of this hormone?

What should the nurse plan for after a thyroid scan with radioactive iodine for a thyroid nodule?

Mr Kim, who had a Billroth I procedure is starting to eat solid foods. The nurse ought to assess him for the development of dumping syndrome by deciding the presence of which of the following?