1.
Which of the following is not a symptom of acute renal failure?
Correct Answer
D. Swollen lympH nodes
Explanation
Swollen lymph nodes are not typically associated with acute renal failure. Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue, and chest pain. Swollen lymph nodes, on the other hand, are more commonly associated with infections or immune system disorders. Therefore, swollen lymph nodes are not a symptom of acute renal failure.
2.
Which of the following is false about acute renal failure?
Correct Answer
B. It may occur when there's indirect damage to the kidney
Explanation
Acute renal failure can occur when blood flow to the kidney is slow, when the kidneys' urine drainage tubes are blocked, and when there is direct damage to the kidney. Coma can also be a symptom of acute renal failure. However, it is false to say that acute renal failure may occur when there is indirect damage to the kidney.
3.
Which of the following may affect the blood flow to the kidneys?
Correct Answer
C. AnapHylaxis
Explanation
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. This drop in blood pressure can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, affecting their function. Fluid loss and the use of ibuprofen may also have an impact on blood flow to the kidneys, but anaphylaxis is a more direct and immediate cause.
4.
The following are diseases and conditions that block the passage of urine except which one?
Correct Answer
A. Cervical lympHadenopathy
Explanation
Cervical lymphadenopathy is not a disease or condition that blocks the passage of urine. It refers to swollen lymph nodes in the neck, which do not directly affect the urinary system. In contrast, bladder cancer, kidney stones, and prostate cancer can all obstruct the flow of urine in different ways.
5.
Which of the following conditions can lead to acute renal failure?
Correct Answer
E. A and C
Explanation
Both diabetes and lupus can lead to acute renal failure. Diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. Lupus, an autoimmune disease, can also cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys, resulting in acute renal failure. Therefore, both conditions can contribute to the development of acute renal failure.
6.
ARF develops within how many days?
Correct Answer
D. 7
Explanation
ARF (Acute Rheumatic Fever) develops within 7 days. This means that the symptoms of ARF, such as joint pain, fever, and rash, typically appear within a week after a group A streptococcal infection. It is important to recognize and treat ARF promptly to prevent complications such as rheumatic heart disease.
7.
ARF may lead to all the following except what?
Correct Answer
D. Creatinine
Explanation
ARF (Acute Renal Failure) is a condition that affects the kidneys and can lead to various complications. Changes in fluid balance, metabolic acidosis, and uremia are all potential consequences of ARF. However, creatinine is not a consequence of ARF but rather a marker used to assess kidney function. Creatinine levels in the blood can increase when the kidneys are not functioning properly, but it is not a direct consequence of ARF itself.
8.
What is the overall mortality rate of a patient after ARF?
Correct Answer
D. 20%
Explanation
The overall mortality rate of a patient after ARF is 20%. This means that out of all the patients who develop ARF, 20% of them will die.
9.
When was acute kidney failure recognized in the United Kingdom due to acute tubular necrosis?
Correct Answer
B. 1940s
Explanation
Acute kidney failure due to acute tubular necrosis was recognized in the United Kingdom in the 1940s.
10.
The following are ways to treat ARF except what?
Correct Answer
D. None of the above
Explanation
The question asks for the treatment options for ARF (Acute Renal Failure) that are not effective. The correct answer is "None of the above," indicating that all the given treatment options (plasma exchange, steroid medication, vasopressors) are valid and effective in treating ARF. Therefore, there is no exception among the provided options.