5th Grade- Plant Unit

Chlorophyll is the green chemical found in many plants. It is responsible for the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and uses it to produce glucose and oxygen. It gives plants their green color and is essential for their growth and survival. Bacterium and fungus are not green chemicals found in plants, making chlorophyll the correct answer.

The root cap is a protective structure that covers the tip of the root as it grows into the soil. It acts as a shield, preventing damage to the delicate cells of the root tip and allowing the root to push through the soil easily. The root cap also secretes a lubricating substance that helps the root navigate through the soil particles. Therefore, the root cap is the correct answer as it specifically fulfills the role of protecting the root tip during growth.

Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from the anther (male reproductive organ) to the stigma (female reproductive organ) of a flower. This process is essential for the fertilization of plants, as it allows the male gametes (contained in the pollen) to reach the female gametes (located in the ovary) and initiate the formation of seeds. Pollination can occur through various means, such as wind, water, or animal pollinators like bees or birds. Therefore, pollination is the correct answer to the question.

Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll in their leaves to capture sunlight energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. This process is essential for plants to produce their own food and release oxygen into the atmosphere.

The correct answer is anther. The anther is a part of the flower's reproductive system and is responsible for producing and releasing pollen. It is typically located at the top of the stamen, which is the male reproductive organ of the flower.

When a male sex cell (sperm) and a female sex cell (egg) join together, fertilization takes place. Fertilization is the process by which the genetic material from the sperm combines with the genetic material from the egg to form a new individual with a unique set of genes. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in most organisms, including humans.

An embryo is the correct answer because it is the immature plant inside a seed. The embryo is the early stage of development for a plant, and it contains all the necessary structures and genetic information to grow into a mature plant. It is protected and nourished by the seed until it germinates and begins to grow. The fruit is the mature ovary of a flowering plant that contains seeds, but it does not refer specifically to the immature plant inside the seed. The ovary is the part of the flower that contains the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization, but it is not the immature plant itself.

The correct answer is stigma. The question is asking which part of the flower is represented by letter B. The options provided are pistil, stigma, and anther. Among these options, the stigma is the correct answer. The stigma is the receptive surface of the pistil, which is the female reproductive part of the flower. It is responsible for receiving pollen during pollination.

A mature ripened ovary of a plant is commonly referred to as a fruit. This is because after fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit that contains seeds. Fruits are typically consumed by animals or humans due to their sweet or savory taste and are an important part of the plant's reproductive process as they aid in seed dispersal.

During fertilization in plants, the pollen tube acts as a conduit for the sperm to reach the egg. The sperm travels down the pollen tube and ultimately fertilizes the egg, leading to the formation of a zygote. Therefore, the statement is true.

The filament is the part of the flower that represents letter C. It is a slender, thread-like structure that holds up the anther, which is responsible for producing and releasing pollen. The filament is located in the center of the flower, attached to the base of the petals. Its main function is to support the anther and ensure that it is exposed to the surrounding environment for effective pollination.

The ovary in a flower is indeed found at the base of the pistil. The pistil is the female reproductive organ of a flower, and it is composed of three parts: the stigma, the style, and the ovary. The ovary is located at the bottom of the pistil and contains the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization. Therefore, the statement "The ovary in a flower is found at the base of the pistil" is true.

A cotyledon is a tiny leaflike structure inside a seed. It is responsible for providing nutrients to the developing embryo during germination. This structure eventually develops into the first leaves of the plant.

Gymnosperms are seed plants that do not produce flowers. They are characterized by having naked seeds, meaning the seeds are not enclosed within a fruit or ovary. Instead, they are usually found on the surface of cones or scales. Examples of gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo trees. This distinguishes them from angiosperms, which are seed plants that do produce flowers and have seeds enclosed within fruits. Parasites, on the other hand, are organisms that live off another organism, usually harming it in the process, and are not directly related to the classification of seed plants.

The letter F represents the petals of the flower. Petals are the colorful, leaf-like structures that surround the reproductive parts of the flower. They are often brightly colored to attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

After pollen lands on the sticky stigma of a pistil, a pollen tube begins to grow. This is the first step in fertilization. The pollen tube allows the sperm cells to travel down to the ovary where they can fertilize the egg cells. Therefore, the statement is true.

The letter D represents the style of the flower. The style is a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary. It plays a crucial role in the process of pollination, as it allows pollen to travel from the stigma to the ovary. The style is an important part of the female reproductive organs in a flower, helping in the successful fertilization and development of seeds.

The correct answer is xylem. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It consists of specialized cells that form a network of tubes, allowing for the upward movement of water and nutrients. The phloem, on the other hand, transports sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The cambium is a layer of cells that is responsible for the growth in diameter of the plant.

Transpiration is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which water vapor evaporates from the leaves of a plant and is replaced by more water moving up through the plant. This process is essential for the plant's survival as it helps in the transportation of nutrients and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Angiosperms whose seeds contain two cotyledons are called dicots. Dicots are a group of flowering plants that have two embryonic leaves, or cotyledons, in their seeds. This is in contrast to monocots, which have only one cotyledon. Dicots are characterized by various features such as net-like veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of four or five, and a taproot system. They include a wide range of plants such as roses, sunflowers, beans, and oak trees.

The outermost layer of a root, stem, or leaf is called the epidermis. The epidermis serves as a protective barrier for the underlying tissues and helps to prevent water loss through its cuticle. It also contains specialized cells such as stomata, which regulate gas exchange, and trichomes, which can provide additional protection or aid in absorption. The cortex, on the other hand, is located beneath the epidermis and is responsible for storage and support. The cambium is a layer of cells that is responsible for the growth of new vascular tissue.

The letter E represents the pistil of the flower. The pistil is the female reproductive organ of the flower, consisting of three main parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. The stigma is the sticky surface where pollen is received, the style is the slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary, and the ovary contains the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization. Therefore, the correct answer is pistil.

The correct answer is phloem because phloem is the tissue responsible for transporting food (sugar) from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the roots. This tissue is made up of sieve tube elements and companion cells, which form a network of tubes that allow for the movement of sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem, on the other hand, is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Cortex is the outermost layer of the root that provides support and protection.

The production of spores is a form of asexual reproduction because spores are produced through mitosis, which is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same genetic information as the parent cell. In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced without the involvement of gametes or the fusion of genetic material from two parents. Spores can develop into new individuals without the need for fertilization or the combination of genetic material from two different individuals.

The correct answer is "anther" because the anther is the part of the flower where pollen grains are produced and stored. It is located at the top of the stamen, which is the male reproductive organ of the flower. The anther contains pollen sacs, which release the pollen grains that are then transferred to the pistil for pollination.

The cambium is a layer in a root that separates the xylem from the phloem. The cambium is responsible for producing new cells that differentiate into xylem and phloem tissues. It is located between the xylem and phloem, acting as a dividing layer and allowing for the growth and expansion of the root. The cortex is the outermost layer of the root, while the epidermis is the outermost layer of cells that protect the root.

In the moss cycle, letter A would represent the stage of the new moss plant.

The correct answer is "frond" because frond is the term used to describe the leaves of a fern. The fronds of a fern are typically large, divided, and feathery in appearance. They are responsible for photosynthesis and play a crucial role in the fern's reproduction.

False. The last step in fertilization is not the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain down the style. The correct sequence of events in fertilization is the pollen grain landing on the stigma, the pollen tube growing down the style, and then reaching the ovary to fertilize the egg cell.

The letter A represents the heart-shaped plant in the fern life cycle. This stage is known as the gametophyte stage, where the plant produces gametes (sex cells) for reproduction. The heart-shaped plant is the mature form of the gametophyte, which produces both male and female reproductive structures. These structures eventually fuse to form a new fern plant in the next stage of the life cycle, known as the sporophyte stage.