1.
The two main branches of Science are Natural and Social Science
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that natural science is concerned with the study of the natural world and includes disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. On the other hand, social science is concerned with the study of human society and social relationships, including disciplines such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics. Therefore, the statement that the two main branches of science are natural and social science is true.
2.
Which of the following is not a branch of Natural Science
Correct Answer
D. Social
Explanation
Social science is not a branch of natural science because it focuses on the study of human society and social relationships. It includes disciplines such as sociology, psychology, economics, political science, and anthropology. Unlike natural sciences, which study the physical and natural world, social sciences examine human behavior, social structures, and cultural phenomena. Therefore, social science is distinct from the branches of natural science, which include life science (biology), physical science (physics, chemistry), and earth science (geology, meteorology).
3.
The application of science to meet human needs is reffered to as
Correct Answer
A. Technology
Explanation
The application of science to meet human needs refers to the use of scientific knowledge and principles to create tools, machines, and systems that improve the quality of life or solve practical problems. This is known as technology. Technology encompasses a wide range of inventions and innovations, including computers, smartphones, medical devices, transportation systems, and more. It involves the practical application of scientific knowledge to create useful products or processes that benefit society.
4.
Scientists must base their conclusions to experiments on observations not inferences
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Scientists must base their conclusions on observations rather than inferences because observations are direct evidence of what is happening or what has happened, while inferences are interpretations or explanations based on observations. Observations are objective and can be measured or recorded, while inferences can be subjective and influenced by personal biases or assumptions. By relying on observations, scientists can ensure that their conclusions are grounded in empirical evidence and are more likely to be accurate and reliable.
5.
A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem is called the
Correct Answer
A. Scientific Method
Explanation
The scientific method is a series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem. It involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the hypothesis, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions. The scientific method is a systematic approach that is used by scientists to acquire knowledge and understand the natural world. It helps to ensure that experiments are conducted in a controlled and objective manner, leading to reliable and valid results.
6.
Technology can best be defined as
Correct Answer
A. The application of science
Explanation
Technology can be defined as the practical application of scientific knowledge. It involves using scientific principles and theories to create tools, machines, systems, and processes that solve problems, improve efficiency, and enhance human life. Technology takes the theoretical concepts and ideas from science and applies them in real-world situations to create innovative solutions and advancements. It is the bridge between scientific knowledge and its practical implementation, making science usable and accessible in various industries and fields.
7.
Scientists test a hypothesis by
Correct Answer
A. Conducting experiments
Explanation
Scientists test a hypothesis by conducting experiments. This involves designing and carrying out a series of controlled experiments to gather data and evidence. Through these experiments, scientists can manipulate variables and observe the effects, which helps them determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not. This process allows for the collection of empirical evidence and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, providing a solid foundation for scientific conclusions.
8.
A possible answer to a scientific problem is called a __________.
Correct Answer
B. Hypothesis
Explanation
A hypothesis is a possible answer or explanation to a scientific problem. It is a proposed explanation based on observations and previous knowledge that can be tested through experimentation and further investigation. A hypothesis serves as a starting point for scientific research and provides a framework for designing experiments and collecting data to either support or refute the proposed explanation.
9.
The scientific method gives scientists a way to organize their thinking about a problem or question.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The scientific method is a systematic approach that scientists use to investigate and understand the natural world. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data to draw conclusions. By following this method, scientists can organize their thoughts and approach problems or questions in a logical and structured manner. Therefore, the statement that the scientific method gives scientists a way to organize their thinking about a problem or question is true.
10.
An explanation that has been tested repeatedly with experiments is called a...
Correct Answer
B. Scientific Theory
Explanation
A scientific theory is an explanation that has been tested repeatedly with experiments. It is based on evidence and observations, and it provides a framework for understanding and predicting natural phenomena. Unlike a scientific law, which describes a specific relationship or pattern, a scientific theory is a broader explanation that encompasses multiple observations and experiments. It is supported by a large body of evidence and is subject to further testing and refinement. Therefore, a scientific theory is the correct answer in this case.
11.
A scientific ______________ describes a natural event but does not explain why the event occurred
Correct Answer
A. Law
Explanation
A scientific law is a statement that describes a natural event or phenomenon based on repeated observations and experiments. It provides a concise and reliable description of how a particular aspect of the natural world works. However, it does not provide an explanation for why the event occurs or the underlying mechanisms involved. Laws are often used to predict and understand the behavior of natural phenomena, but they do not delve into the deeper causes or reasons behind them.
12.
Scientific theories can never be changed even when new discoveries are made
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Scientific theories are constantly evolving and subject to change based on new discoveries and evidence. This is because the scientific method encourages the testing and modification of theories in light of new information. As new data is collected and analyzed, it may challenge or refine existing theories, leading to revisions or even complete changes in scientific understanding. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that scientific theories can never be changed when new discoveries are made.
13.
When a scientific theory is proven it becomes a scientific law
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The given statement is false. Scientific theories do not become scientific laws when proven. A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through experimentation and observation. On the other hand, a scientific law is a statement that describes an observed phenomenon or pattern in nature without explaining why it occurs. Laws are often derived from theories but they are not the same thing.
14.
Scientists use models to represent real situations and to make _____________
Correct Answer
A. Predictions
Explanation
Scientists use models to represent real situations and to make predictions. Models are simplified representations of complex systems or phenomena that help scientists understand and analyze them. By inputting data and variables into these models, scientists can simulate and predict how the real situation will behave under different conditions. These predictions can then be tested and validated through experiments or observations, allowing scientists to gain insights and make informed decisions based on the model's outputs.
15.
Scientists often use ___________________ to study complicated events or large amount sof data in order to make predictions
Correct Answer
D. Computer Models
Explanation
Scientists often use computer models to study complicated events or large amounts of data in order to make predictions. Computer models allow scientists to simulate and analyze complex systems or phenomena that may be difficult or impossible to observe directly. By inputting data and variables into the computer model, scientists can manipulate and analyze the information to understand patterns, relationships, and potential outcomes. Computer models can provide valuable insights and predictions that help scientists make informed decisions and further their understanding of the subject matter.
16.
Using mathematics to describe a scientific event would be considered a model
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Using mathematics to describe a scientific event is considered a model because a model is a simplified representation of a real-world phenomenon. Mathematics provides a systematic and precise way to describe and analyze scientific events, allowing scientists to make predictions and understand the underlying principles. By using mathematical models, scientists can simplify complex systems, identify patterns, and test hypotheses. Therefore, it is true that using mathematics as a tool for describing scientific events is considered a model.
17.
Representation of a real event or object usually too large or small to see is called a
Correct Answer
B. Scientific Model
Explanation
A scientific model is a representation of a real event or object that is usually too large or small to see. It is a simplified version that helps scientists understand and study complex phenomena. Scientific models can be physical, such as a scaled-down replica, or conceptual, such as a mathematical equation or computer simulation. They allow scientists to make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the workings of the natural world.
18.
Line graphs are most effective at displaying data that __________
Correct Answer
A. Changes constantly
Explanation
Line graphs are most effective at displaying data that changes constantly because they allow us to track the continuous variation of a variable over time. The line graph uses a line to connect data points, which helps to visualize the trend and patterns in the data. By plotting the data points on a line graph, we can easily observe the fluctuations and changes in the variable being measured. This makes line graphs particularly useful for analyzing trends, identifying patterns, and making predictions based on the data.
19.
The best kind of graph to make to show the density of a number of different substances, would be a __________ __________.
Correct Answer
A. Bar grapH
Explanation
A bar graph would be the best kind of graph to show the density of different substances because it allows for easy comparison of the densities. Each substance can be represented by a separate bar, with the height of the bar indicating the density. This visual representation makes it easy to see the differences in density between the substances.
20.
The SI base unit for time is
Correct Answer
A. Seconds (s)
Explanation
The SI base unit for time is seconds (s). This is because seconds are a universally recognized and standardized unit of measurement for time. They are used in various scientific and everyday applications to quantify durations and intervals. Other units of time such as minutes, hours, and days are derived from seconds and are commonly used for convenience in different contexts, but the base unit remains seconds.
21.
The SI base unit for Mass is
Correct Answer
D. Grams (g)
Explanation
The SI base unit for mass is grams (g). The International System of Units (SI) is a globally recognized system of measurement, and the gram is the unit used to measure mass in this system. Pounds, ounces, and stones are not part of the SI system and are not considered base units for mass. Therefore, the correct answer is grams (g).
22.
The SI base unit for Temperature is
Correct Answer
C. Kelvin
Explanation
The SI base unit for temperature is Kelvin. Kelvin is the absolute temperature scale and is commonly used in scientific and engineering applications. It is based on the concept of absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature. The Kelvin scale is used in many scientific calculations and is particularly useful in situations where precise temperature measurements are required.
23.
The symbol for the SI base unit for length is
Correct Answer
A. M
Explanation
The symbol for the SI base unit for length is "m" which stands for meter. The meter is the standard unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) and is used to measure distances. It is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. The meter is widely used in scientific and everyday measurements around the world.
24.
Maria is 123 centimeters (cm) tall. Her height in meters (m) is
Hint: There are 100 cm in 1 m
Correct Answer
A. 1.23 m
Explanation
Maria is 123 centimeters tall. Since there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, to convert centimeters to meters, we divide the number of centimeters by 100. Therefore, Maria's height in meters is 1.23 m.
25.
A loaf of bread weighs 1362 grams (g). The weight in kilograms is
Hint: There are 1000 g in 1 Kg
Correct Answer
A. 1.362 kg
Explanation
The weight of the loaf of bread is given in grams. To convert grams to kilograms, we divide the weight in grams by 1000. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.362 kg.
26.
The amount of matter in an object is its mass. The force with which gravity pulls on mass is
Correct Answer
A. Weight
Explanation
Weight is the correct answer because weight is the force with which gravity pulls on an object's mass. The weight of an object depends on its mass and the strength of the gravitational field it is in. Weight is measured in units of force, such as pounds or newtons.
27.
What is 789,000,000,000 in scientific notation?
Correct Answer
A. 7.89 X 10^11
Explanation
The correct answer is 7.89 X 10^11. In scientific notation, a number is written as a coefficient multiplied by 10 raised to a power. In this case, the coefficient is 7.89, and the power is 11. This means that the decimal point is moved 11 places to the right, resulting in a very large number.
28.
The speed of light is 3.0 X 10^8m/s. What is this value in standard notation?
Correct Answer
A. 300,000,000 m/s
Explanation
The speed of light is represented in scientific notation as 3.0 X 10^8 m/s. In standard notation, this is simply written as 300,000,000 m/s.
29.
The number .0009234 would be written in scientific notation as __________.
Correct Answer
A. 9.2 X 10^-4
Explanation
The given number, .0009234, can be expressed in scientific notation as 9.2 x 10^-4. In scientific notation, the number is written in the form of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. In this case, the decimal number is 9.2, and the power of 10 is -4, indicating that the decimal point is moved 4 places to the left.
30.
The number .0034 would be written as __________ in scientific notation
Correct Answer
A. 3.4 X 10^-3
Explanation
The number .0034 is written in scientific notation as 3.4 X 10^-3. In scientific notation, the number is expressed as a decimal between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. In this case, the decimal 3.4 is multiplied by 10 raised to the power of -3, which represents three places to the right of the decimal point.
31.
The number 4.065 has how many significant figures?
Correct Answer
C. 4
Explanation
The number 4.065 has four significant figures because all non-zero digits are considered significant and the zero between the 4 and 6 is also significant.
32.
The number 4,000,000 has hpw many significant figures?
Correct Answer
A. 1
Explanation
The number 4,000,000 has 1 significant figure because all the zeros in this number are considered to be placeholders and do not contribute to the overall value or precision of the number. Therefore, only the digit 4 is significant.
33.
The number 7.89 x 10^10 has how many significant figures?
Correct Answer
B. 3
Explanation
The number 7.89 x 10^10 has three significant figures because the digits 7, 8, and 9 are all non-zero and therefore significant. The exponent 10^10 does not affect the number of significant figures.
34.
The number .000670 has how many significant figures?
Correct Answer
B. 3
Explanation
The number .000670 has three significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a number that carry meaning or contribute to its precision. In this case, the digits 6, 7, and 0 are all significant because they are not zero placeholders. The leading zeros before the decimal point are not significant as they only indicate the magnitude of the number. Therefore, the answer is 3 significant figures.
35.
You are asked to find the area of a room (multiply) that is 4.56 m long and 5.668 m wide. How many significant figures should your answer have?
Correct Answer
B. 3
Explanation
When multiplying numbers, the rule for significant figures is to round the answer to the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures. In this case, both measurements have 3 significant figures. Therefore, the answer should also have 3 significant figures.
36.
Take the sum of 2.02 g and 1.6 g. Express your answer with the correct significant figures
Correct Answer
D. 3.6 g
Explanation
When adding or subtracting numbers, the result should be rounded to the least number of decimal places in the original numbers. In this case, 2.02 g has three decimal places and 1.6 g has one decimal place. Therefore, the answer should be rounded to one decimal place, which is 3.6 g.
37.
Take the difference of 6.8895 cm and 2.44 cm. Express yoru answer with the correct significant figures
Correct Answer
C. 4.45 cm
38.
You are asked to find the volume (multiply) of a cube that is 2.5 cm high, 2.65 cm wide, and 3.456 cm long. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?
Correct Answer
A. 2
Explanation
When multiplying measurements, the rule for significant figures states that the answer should have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures. In this case, the measurement with the fewest significant figures is 2.5 cm, which has 2 significant figures. Therefore, the answer should also have 2 significant figures.
39.
A measurement that is close to the true value and has several significant figures is likely to be
Correct Answer
C. Both Precise and Accurate
Explanation
A measurement that is close to the true value indicates accuracy, while having several significant figures indicates precision. Therefore, a measurement that is both accurate and precise means that it is close to the true value and has a high level of detail and consistency.
40.
The extent to which a measurement approaches the true value is referred to as __________
Correct Answer
B. Accurate
Explanation
Accuracy is the extent to which a measurement is close to the true or target value. It indicates how well the measurement represents the actual value being measured. A measurement can be precise but not accurate if it consistently gives the same result but is not close to the true value. Therefore, accuracy is a crucial factor in determining the reliability and validity of a measurement.
41.
Which measurement is most precise? 40g 40.0g 40.00g
Correct Answer
C. 40.00 g
Explanation
The measurement 40.00g is the most precise because it includes two decimal places, indicating a higher level of accuracy and precision compared to 40g and 40.0g, which have no decimal places or only one decimal place, respectively. The additional decimal places in 40.00g suggest that the measurement was taken with a more precise measuring instrument or technique.
42.
Although a measurement of 6.13457902 cm is very precise it may not be accurate.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement suggests that the measurement of 6.13457902 cm is precise, meaning it has a high level of detail. However, it also states that the measurement may not be accurate, meaning it may not be close to the true value. This implies that although the measurement is precise, it may still have errors or deviations from the actual value, making the statement true.
43.
Is the following statement an observation or an inference?
"The two police officers in the picture are guarding the street beacuase a crime was commited"
Correct Answer
B. Inference
Explanation
The statement is an inference because it is based on the observation of the two police officers in the picture and the assumption that they are guarding the street because a crime was committed. The conclusion about the reason for their presence is not directly observable in the picture but is inferred based on prior knowledge or assumptions.
44.
What was the increase in ridership between 1998 and 2008?
Correct Answer
D. 100,000
Explanation
The increase in ridership between 1998 and 2008 was 100,000.
45.
What is the most likely reason the ridership increased and the casualties decreased in NYC from 1998-2008?
Correct Answer
B. NYC made bicycle lanes on most downtown roads
Explanation
The most likely reason for the increase in ridership and decrease in casualties in NYC from 1998-2008 is that NYC made bicycle lanes on most downtown roads. By providing designated lanes for cyclists, it encourages more people to ride bikes as they feel safer and more comfortable. This increase in ridership leads to more awareness and acceptance of cyclists on the roads, resulting in a decrease in casualties as drivers become more cautious and accustomed to sharing the road with cyclists.
46.
How much green house gas emmissions comes from a large 4WD vehicle with a driver only?
Correct Answer
A. 0.44 Kg per KM
Explanation
A large 4WD vehicle with a driver only emits 0.44 Kg of greenhouse gas per kilometer traveled. This information is not explicitly stated in the graph, but it is the correct answer provided.
47.
Which tax generates more funds for the Government?
Correct Answer
A. Tobacco Tax
Explanation
Tobacco tax generates more funds for the government compared to fuel tax. This is because tobacco products are heavily taxed due to their harmful effects on health, which leads to higher revenue generation for the government. On the other hand, fuel tax is imposed on the sale of fuels such as gasoline and diesel, which although contribute to government revenue, is typically lower in comparison to the revenue generated from tobacco tax.
48.
Which type of sleeper takes more total breaths per minute?
Correct Answer
B. Person with Apnea Sleep
Explanation
A person with Apnea Sleep takes more total breaths per minute compared to a person with Normal Sleep. Apnea Sleep is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. These pauses can last for a few seconds to minutes and can occur multiple times throughout the night. As a result, the person with Apnea Sleep compensates for the lack of oxygen by taking more frequent and rapid breaths, leading to a higher total breaths per minute.
49.
Do chemical or physical properties involve forming a new substance?
Correct Answer
A. Chemical
Explanation
Chemical properties involve the formation of a new substance. When a chemical reaction occurs, the atoms rearrange themselves to form new chemical bonds, resulting in the creation of a different substance with different properties. This is in contrast to physical properties, which do not involve a change in the chemical composition of a substance. Therefore, the correct answer is "chemical" as chemical properties do involve the formation of a new substance.
50.
Is the oxidation of a substance a chemical or physical property?
Correct Answer
A. Chemical
Explanation
The oxidation of a substance is a chemical property because it involves a chemical reaction where the substance combines with oxygen or loses electrons. This process leads to a change in the chemical composition of the substance, resulting in the formation of new compounds or the alteration of its properties. Physical properties, on the other hand, are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Since oxidation involves a chemical reaction and a change in composition, it is considered a chemical property.