Membrane Potential Grade 7 Trivia Quiz

The question is asking for the toughest and outermost layer of the meninges, which refers to the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Out of the options provided, the dura mater is the correct answer. The dura mater is a thick and durable layer that serves as a protective barrier for the brain and spinal cord. It is located on the outermost layer of the meninges and provides strength and stability to the central nervous system.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a degenerative disease that affects the spinal cord and brain. It is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually death. This disease primarily affects the voluntary muscles, such as those controlling movement, speech, and breathing. Alzheimer's disease is a different neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, while epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain that primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein plaques and tangles in the brain, leading to the gradual loss of brain cells and function. Symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include memory loss, confusion, difficulty in problem-solving, and changes in mood and behavior. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience severe cognitive decline and an inability to carry out daily activities. Although there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease, various treatments and interventions can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with the condition.

A person who has a migraine headache often experiences an aura, which can manifest as a flashing light or strange odor. Migraine headaches are typically characterized by severe throbbing pain on one side of the head, sensitivity to light and sound, and can be accompanied by visual disturbances or other sensory symptoms. The presence of an aura is a common feature of migraines and can help differentiate them from other types of headaches such as tension headaches or cluster headaches.

The synapitic knob, also known as the synaptic terminal or terminal button, is located at the end of the axon branches. It is responsible for transmitting impulses to the dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of other neurons. This is achieved through the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that carry the signal across the synapse to the next neuron. The synapitic knob plays a crucial role in allowing communication and transmission of impulses between neurons in the nervous system.

When a person has a stroke, it is generally because brain cells die due to a lack of oxygen from a blocked artery.

The white matter of the spinal cord refers to the outer part of the spinal cord and is composed of myelinated axons. These axons are responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and the brain. The white color is due to the presence of myelin, a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axons, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses. The white matter does not contain neuron cell bodies, which are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. The divisions of the white matter are called columns.

The cell body of a neuron, also known as the soma, contains various organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. These organelles are responsible for producing proteins and energy needed for the neuron to carry out its functions. The nucleus contains the genetic material required for protein synthesis, while the mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. The ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the cell body is the component of a neuron that contains organelles and produces the protein and energy required for its functioning.

Axons are the part of a neuron that transmit information away from the cell body. They are long, slender projections that extend from the cell body and can be several centimeters long. Axons are responsible for conducting electrical impulses, known as action potentials, from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. This allows for the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system.

A PET scan, or Positron Emission Tomography scan, can be used to diagnose Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This imaging technique involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the body, which is then detected by a scanner. By measuring the metabolic activity of different areas of the brain, a PET scan can help identify abnormalities associated with these neurodegenerative diseases. It provides valuable information about brain function and can aid in the early detection and monitoring of these conditions.

Dendrites are the components of a neuron that are short and branch profusely near the cell body. They receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Dendrites play a crucial role in the integration of signals and information processing within the neuron. Axons, on the other hand, are long extensions that transmit signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. Cell bodies contain the nucleus and other organelles of the neuron. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provides support and insulation to axons in the peripheral nervous system.

The ascending track is the correct answer because it is responsible for carrying sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain. This track consists of sensory neurons that transmit signals up the spinal cord to various regions of the brain, allowing us to perceive and interpret sensory stimuli such as touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. The ascending track plays a crucial role in our ability to sense and respond to our environment.

The correct answer is meninges. The meninges is a protective membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. It consists of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. These layers provide cushioning and support to the central nervous system, protecting it from injury and infection.

The pia mater is the most delicate layer of the meninges. It is the innermost layer that sits directly on top of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for holding blood vessels onto the surface of these structures. The pia mater is a thin and transparent membrane that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nourishment to these vital organs.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) can be used to detect bleeding in the brain or spinal cord. MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures. It can provide high-resolution images that can help identify bleeding, such as hemorrhages or blood clots, in the brain or spinal cord. MRI is a non-invasive and safe imaging technique that does not involve the use of radiation, making it a preferred choice for detecting bleeding in these areas.

Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are responsible for picking up information from receptors located at the tip of their dendrites. These neurons transmit sensory information from various parts of the body to the central nervous system, allowing us to perceive and respond to different stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and sound.

Neurotransmitters can either stimulate neurons to send a nerve impulse or inhibit them from ending an impulse. They are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses, the junctions between neurons. When a neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, it can either excite the neuron and trigger a nerve impulse or inhibit the neuron and prevent the impulse from continuing. Therefore, neurotransmitters have the ability to both stimulate and inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses.

A reflex is an automatic response to a stimuli. When a stimulus is detected by sensory receptors, it triggers a reflex arc, which is a rapid and involuntary response that occurs without conscious thought. This response is often protective in nature and helps to maintain homeostasis in the body. Reflexes can involve various parts of the body, such as muscles, glands, or organs, and they can occur at different speeds depending on the complexity of the reflex arc involved.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease caused by the demyelination of nerve tissue. This means that the protective covering of nerve fibers, called myelin, is damaged, leading to disruptions in the transmission of nerve signals. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, including problems with coordination, balance, vision, and muscle control. Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy are all neurological disorders, but they are not specifically characterized by demyelination of nerve tissue like multiple sclerosis.

The statement is false because membrane potential can exist in both depolarized and hyperpolarized states. Depolarization refers to a decrease in the membrane potential towards zero or a positive value, while hyperpolarization refers to an increase in the membrane potential away from zero or a negative value. Therefore, membrane potential can exist in a depolarized state or a hyperpolarized state, depending on the specific conditions and ion movements across the membrane.

The subarachnoid space is the correct answer because it is the area located between the arachnoid mater and pia mater. This space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as a protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord.

The grey matter of the spinal cord refers to the region that contains neuron cell bodies. This area is responsible for processing and transmitting sensory and motor signals. It is located in the inner part of the spinal cord, surrounded by the white matter which contains myelinated axons. The grey matter is organized into different regions called horns, which are responsible for specific functions. The divisions of the grey matter are referred to as horns or regions, not columns.

The descending track of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands. This means that the information travels down from the brain, through the spinal cord, and then to the appropriate muscles and glands in the body. This allows for voluntary movements and the activation of various glands in response to signals from the brain. The ascending track, on the other hand, carries sensory information from the body to the brain. Reflex arc refers to the pathway that allows for automatic responses to certain stimuli, while reflex is a specific involuntary response to a stimulus.

The diameter of the axon has an effect on the speed of impulse conduction. A larger axon diameter allows for faster conduction of impulses because it decreases the resistance to the flow of electrical signals. This is because a larger diameter provides more space for the electrical signals to travel through, reducing the chances of signal loss or degradation. On the other hand, a smaller axon diameter would result in slower conduction due to increased resistance and a higher likelihood of signal loss.

The spinal cord ends at the first lumbar level. This is the lowest level of the vertebral column where the spinal cord is present before it tapers into a bundle of nerves called the cauda equina. The first sacral level is below the first lumbar level and does not mark the end of the spinal cord. The twelfth thoracic level is higher up in the vertebral column and does not indicate the end of the spinal cord. The coccyx is the tailbone and is located below the first lumbar level, so it is also not the correct answer.

When the central nervous system (CNS) is inflamed, it can cause an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and the brain. Inflammation can disrupt this barrier, allowing substances that would normally be restricted from entering the brain to pass through. This increased permeability can lead to various neurological symptoms, including pain, motor tremors, and abnormal respirations.

The impulse goes to the cerebral cortex because the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions and voluntary control of body movements. When a reflex is initiated, the sensory information first travels to the spinal cord, but then it is relayed to the cerebral cortex for processing. The cerebral cortex can then send inhibitory signals back to the spinal cord to consciously inhibit the reflex if needed. Therefore, the ability to consciously inhibit a reflex is attributed to the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the reflex arc.

Interneurons are only found in the central nervous system and act as interpreters between the afferent and efferent nerves. They receive information from sensory neurons and transmit it to motor neurons, allowing for communication and coordination within the nervous system. Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, while motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Microglia are a type of immune cell in the central nervous system, and although they play important roles in maintaining brain health, they are not involved in interpreting signals between afferent and efferent nerves.

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges, which are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It is named for its spider web-like appearance due to its delicate and transparent nature. The arachnoid mater is located between the dura mater (outer layer) and the pia mater (inner layer) of the meninges. It helps to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury and also plays a role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

The white matter of the spinal cord is the inner part of the spinal cord, not the outer part. It is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body. It contains myelinated axons, which are responsible for the white color of the tissue. The divisions of the white matter are called columns, which are responsible for different functions such as sensory and motor information. However, it does not contain neuron cell bodies, as those are primarily found in the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Guillian Barre Syndrome occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. This leads to inflammation and damage to the nerves, causing muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling. The syndrome often starts in the legs and can progress to the arms and upper body. It is believed to be triggered by an infection, such as a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. Treatment involves managing symptoms and providing supportive care, such as physical therapy, to aid in recovery.

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains motor neurons. Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. The cervical enlargement specifically contains a higher concentration of motor neurons compared to other regions of the spinal cord. This is because the cervical enlargement innervates the upper limbs, which require more precise and complex movements compared to the lower limbs. Therefore, the presence of motor neurons in the cervical enlargement is crucial for the control and coordination of upper limb movements.

Schwann cells are responsible for producing myelin, which is a fatty substance that insulates the axons of neurons. This insulation allows nerve impulses to be transmitted quickly and efficiently along the axon. Therefore, the membranes of the Schwann cells contain large amounts of myelin, making them the correct answer.

Motor neurons are also called efferent neurons because they carry impulses from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. These neurons stimulate glands to secrete by transmitting signals that activate the glands to release hormones or other substances. Sensory neurons, on the other hand, carry impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, while microglia are a type of glial cell involved in immune defense in the central nervous system. Interneurons are responsible for transmitting signals between sensory and motor neurons in the central nervous system.

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that allows for an automatic motor response without involving the brain. It consists of sensory neurons that detect a stimulus, transmit the information to the spinal cord, and then motor neurons initiate a response. This allows for quick and involuntary reactions to certain stimuli, such as pulling your hand away from a hot surface before your brain processes the pain. The reflex arc bypasses the brain to save time and protect the body from potential harm.

The axon diameter determines the speed at which nerve impulses are transmitted along the axon. A larger diameter allows for faster conduction of electrical signals, while a smaller diameter results in slower conduction. The contraction or relaxation of muscles and secretion of products by glands are controlled by nerve impulses, which are transmitted through axons. Therefore, the axon diameter plays a crucial role in regulating these processes.