Maternal Adaptations And Complications Quiz

Abruptio placentae is described as premature separation of a normally implanted placenta during the second half of pregnancy, usually with severehemorrhage. Placenta previa refers to implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, causing painless bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of the products of conception in a site other than the endometrium. Incompetent cervix is a conduction characterized by painful dilation of the cervical os without uterine contractions.

The nurse should first monitor fetal heart tone. After an amniotomy is performed, the umbilical cord may be washed down below the presenting part and cause umbilical cord compression, which would indicate by vitiable deceleration on the fetal heart tracing.

Amniocentesis is the procedure in which an OB/GYN physician removes a sample of amniotic fluid from the uterus during the 14th to 16th weeks of gestation. This procedure is performed to diagnose genetic abnormalities or fetal infections. It involves inserting a thin needle through the abdomen into the uterus to collect the fluid. The fluid is then analyzed to provide information about the baby's health and development.

Placenta previa is the condition where the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment. It can be classified as partially, totally, or marginal.

Preterm labor is best described as labor that begins after 20 weeks’ gestation and before 37 weeks’ gestation. The other time periods are inaccurate.

A client with abruptio placentae may exhibit concealed or dark red bleeding, possibly reporting sudden intense localized uterine pain. The uterus is typically firm to boardlike, and the fetal presenting part may be engaged. Bright red, painless vaginal bleeding, a palpable fetal outline and a soft nontender abdomen are manifestations of placenta previa.

The knee to chest position gets the weight off the baby and umbilical cord, which would prevent blood flow. Calling the physician or midwife, and arranging for blood sampling are IMPORTANT, but they have a lower priority than getting the baby off the cord.

Crowing, which occurs when the newborn’s head
or presenting part appears at the vaginal opening, occurs during the second stage of labor. During the first stage of labor, cervical dilation and effacement occur. During the third stage of labor, the newborn and placenta are delivered. The fourth stage of labor lasts from 1 to 4 hours after birth, during which time the mother and newborn recover from the physical process of birth and the mother’s organs undergo the initial readjustment to the nonpregnant state.

The transitional phase is the shortest but most difficult part of the first stage of labor. This phase occurs when the cervix is dilated from 8 to 10 centimeters and contractions become stronger and more frequent. During this phase, the woman may experience intense pain, increased pressure, and a strong urge to push. It is considered the most challenging part of labor because it marks the transition from the early stages of labor to the active pushing stage.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as preeclampsia, is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. One of the hallmark symptoms of preeclampsia is proteinuria, which is the presence of excess protein in the urine. This is due to the impaired function of the kidneys. Headaches are another common symptom, often caused by the increased blood pressure. Double vision can occur as a result of the damage to the organs, including the eyes. Vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions are not typically associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

During the third stage of labor, which begins with the delivery of the newborn, the nurse would promote parent-newborn interaction by placing the newborn on the mother’s abdomen and encouraging the parents to touch the newborn. Collecting a urine specimen and other laboratory tests is done on admission during the first stage of labor. Assessing uterine contractions every 30 minutes is performed during the latent phase of the first stage of labor. Coaching the client to push effectively is appropriate during the second stage of labor.

With complete uterine contraction, the client would feel a sharp pain in the lower abdomen and contractions would cease. FHR would also cease within a few minutes.

Regular uterine contractions (every 10 minutes or more) along with cervical dilation before 36 weeks' gestation or rupture of fluids indicates preterm labor.

When assessing a pregnant client with an abruption placenta, a rigid, board-like abdomen is most likely to be found. This is because an abruption placenta occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus before the baby is born. This separation can cause internal bleeding and lead to the accumulation of blood in the abdomen. As a result, the abdomen becomes rigid and board-like to the touch. This is a concerning sign and requires immediate medical attention.

Chorionic villi sampling is a procedure in which a small piece of villi, which are finger-like projections in the placenta, is removed between 8 to 12 weeks' gestation under ultrasound guidance. This procedure is used to diagnose genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. It involves inserting a thin tube or needle through the cervix or abdomen to collect a sample of the chorionic villi. The sample is then analyzed in a laboratory to provide information about the baby's health.

With true labor, contractions increase in intensity with walking. In addition, true labor contractions occur at regular intervals, usually starting in the back and sweeping around to the abdomen. The interval of
true labor contractions gradually shortens.

The usual treatment for partial placenta previa is activity limited to bed rest. This is because bed rest helps to reduce the risk of bleeding and complications associated with partial placenta previa. It allows the placenta to heal and prevents further damage or detachment. Other options such as labor induction with oxytocin, platelet infusion, and immediate cesarean delivery may be considered in cases of complete placenta previa or if there is severe bleeding or fetal distress. However, for partial placenta previa, bed rest is the preferred treatment option.

Progestin use may increase the risk for tubal or ectopic pregnancy. Progestins are synthetic hormones that mimic the effects of progesterone in the body. They are commonly used in hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. While progestins are effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly, there is a small risk of ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. This can be a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention and treatment. Therefore, it is important for individuals using progestin-based contraceptives to be aware of this potential risk.

To evaluate maternal well-being, we need to monitor maternal vital signs, including uterine activity. Patients with placenta previa are at increased risk for infection. We need to monitor fetal heart rate to detect complications. You don't need to take her blood glucose, administer vitamin K and tylenol to the patient which will further compromised the condition of the patient.

During the Latent Phase of the First Stage of Labor, a pregnant woman will typically experience mild contractions that are initially 10 to 20 minutes apart. At this stage, the woman is usually able to continue her usual activities as the contractions are not yet intense or frequent. The presence of nausea and hiccups are not mentioned as normal physical responses in this phase of labor.

Barbiturates are rapidly transferred across the placental barrier, and lack of an antagonist makes them generally inappropriate during active labor. Neonatal side effects of barbiturates include central nervous system depression, prolonged drowsiness, delayed establishment of feeding (e.g. due to poor sucking reflex or poor sucking pressure). Tranquilizers are associated with neonatal effects such as hypotonia, hypothermia, generalized drowsiness, and reluctance to feed for the first few days. Narcotic analgesic readily cross the placental barrier, causing depressive effects in the newborn 2 to 3 hours afterintramuscular injection. Regional anesthesia is associated with adverse reactions such as maternal hypotension, allergic or toxic reaction, or partial or total respiratory failure.

Abruptio placentae refers to the partial or complete premature detachment of the placenta from its site of implantation in the uterus. It typically occurs in the late third trimester of pregnancy or during labor.

TORCH (Toxoplasmosis and other infections: rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex)

The correct answer is "Leopold maneuvers" because this procedure is named after Dr. Christian Gerhard Leopold, who developed a systematic approach to assess the position and presentation of the fetus through abdominal palpation. The term "maneuvers" signifies the different steps involved in the assessment process. The capitalization of the words does not affect the correctness of the answer, as it is still referring to the same procedure.

There are five components of the biophysical profile
a. fetal breathing movement
b. fetal tone
c. gross body movement
d. reactivity of FHR
e. amniotic fluid volume

HELLP syndrome is characterized by:
1. Hemolysis
2. Elevated liver enzyme
3. Low platelet count
4. usually occurring before the 37th weeks' gestation

The manifestations of hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia) include systolic blood pressure greater than 140 or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90, proteinuria, weight gain, decreased urine output, presence of HELLP syndrome, and symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms and signs are indicative of the development of preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage during pregnancy.

The normal findings common to a laboring client and the fetus include a FHR (fetal heart rate) of 130, maternal blood pressure of 139/89, maternal pulse of 100, and maternal temperature of 100.4. Dehydration due to the work of labor is not a normal finding, as it can be a sign of inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss. Leukorrhea, which is an increase in vaginal discharge, is a normal finding during pregnancy but not specifically related to labor.