Mitosis & Meiosis Practice Quiz Questions

1.

When two parent cells join together to form offspring it is

A.

Asexual reproduction
B.

Sexual reproduction
C.

Meiosis

Correct Answer
B. Sexual reproduction

Explanation
When two parent cells join together to form offspring, it is considered sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, genetic material from both parents is combined to create genetically diverse offspring. This process involves the fusion of gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, through fertilization. The resulting offspring inherits a combination of genetic traits from both parents, leading to genetic variation within a population. This is in contrast to asexual reproduction, where offspring are produced from a single parent and inherit an identical set of genetic material. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specific type of cell division that occurs during sexual reproduction to produce gametes.

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1

2.

Mitosis ensures that eac hnew cell inherits

A.

A full set of chromosomes
B.

Half the chromosomes
C.

Regulatory molecules
D.

More then one gene

Correct Answer
A. A full set of chromosomes

Explanation
Mitosis is a process of cell division that ensures each new cell receives a full set of chromosomes. During mitosis, the chromosomes are replicated and then separated into two identical sets, which are then distributed equally to the two daughter cells. This ensures that each new cell inherits the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell, maintaining the genetic integrity and stability of the organism.

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3.

Name this phase.

Correct Answer
Metaphase 1

Explanation
Metaphase 1 is a phase in meiosis, specifically in meiosis 1. During this phase, pairs of homologous chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell. This alignment is crucial for the subsequent separation of the homologous chromosomes during anaphase 1. The correct answer, "Metaphase 1," accurately identifies this specific phase in meiosis.

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4.

Meiosis results in daughter cells with ___________ the number of chromosomes as the parent cells.

A.

Twice
B.

Half
C.

Equal
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
B. Half

Explanation
During meiosis, the parent cell undergoes two rounds of cell division, resulting in four daughter cells. Each of these daughter cells contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is because during meiosis, the chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, leading to genetic diversity. The daughter cells produced through meiosis are gametes, such as sperm and eggs, which have half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "Half."

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5.

Mitosis and Meiosis are the same exact process.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Mitosis and Meiosis are not the same process. While both are involved in cell division, they have distinct differences. Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is responsible for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. On the other hand, meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is necessary for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. Therefore, the statement that Mitosis and Meiosis are the same process is false.

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6.

The meiosis phase where paired chromosomes line up in the center is ______________________.

A.

Metaphase I
B.

Prophase I
C.

Telophase I
D.

Anaphase I

Correct Answer
A. Metaphase I

Explanation
During metaphase I of meiosis, paired homologous chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. This alignment occurs in preparation for the separation of these chromosomes during anaphase I. It is an important step in meiosis as it ensures that each resulting cell will receive one chromosome from each homologous pair.

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7.

Phase where non-paired chromosomes line up in the center is called _________________.

A.

Metaphase I
B.

Metaphase II
C.

Anaphase II
D.

Prophase I

Correct Answer
B. Metaphase II

Explanation
The phase where non-paired chromosomes line up in the center is called Metaphase II. In this phase of meiosis, the chromosomes align along the equator of the cell and are attached to spindle fibers. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes during cell division. Metaphase II occurs after the first round of cell division (Meiosis I) and before the second round of cell division (Meiosis II).

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8.

Which phase results in 4 cells forming, each with 1/2 the genetic information needed for life.

A.

Telophase I
B.

Telophase II
C.

Cytokenisis I
D.

Cytokensis II

Correct Answer
D. Cytokensis II

Explanation
Cytokinesis II is the phase that results in 4 cells forming, each with 1/2 the genetic information needed for life. Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm and organelles between daughter cells after nuclear division. In Cytokinesis II, the two daughter cells from Meiosis II divide further, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells, each containing half of the genetic information required for life. This process ensures genetic diversity and the production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

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9.

Meiosis II does not go through a replication of chromosomes.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
During meiosis II, the cells that underwent meiosis I divide further to produce haploid cells. Unlike meiosis I, meiosis II does not involve a replication of chromosomes. Instead, the chromosomes that were already replicated in meiosis I are separated into individual chromatids and distributed equally to the resulting cells. This ensures that each haploid cell produced during meiosis II contains only one copy of each chromosome, allowing for genetic diversity and the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction. Therefore, the statement that meiosis II does not go through a replication of chromosomes is true.

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10.

The reproduction of sex cells is called

Correct Answer
meiosis

Explanation
Meiosis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of cell division that produces sex cells, such as sperm and eggs. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the sex cells is halved, ensuring that when fertilization occurs, the resulting offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes. This process is essential for sexual reproduction and the creation of genetic diversity.

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