Quantum Mechanics Practice Quiz
(628).jpg "Quantum Mechanics Practice Quiz - Quiz")
Can you pass this quantum mechanics practice quiz? This is a test designed to help grade 12 University. Chemistry students practice quantum mechanics before a big unit test. Quantum mechanics is understood as a fundamental theory in physics that gives a description of the physical properties of nature. These theories are given at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. Attempt these questions and learn more. All the best to you!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A single bond contains what type of covalent bond?
- A.
Sigma
- B.
Pi
- C.
Hydrogen
- D.
Quantum
Correct Answer
A. SigmaExplanation
A single bond contains a sigma covalent bond. In a sigma bond, the electron density is concentrated along the internuclear axis, resulting in a strong overlap of atomic orbitals. This type of bond allows for the sharing of electrons between two atoms, forming a stable covalent bond. Sigma bonds are the most common type of covalent bond and can occur between different elements in a molecule.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A double bond contains what type of covalent bond?
- A.
Sigma
- B.
Pi
- C.
Hydrogen
- D.
Quantum
Correct Answer
B. PiExplanation
A double bond contains a pi covalent bond. In a pi bond, the overlapping orbitals of the bonding atoms occur above and below the internuclear axis. This type of bond is formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals in the bonding atoms. Pi bonds are weaker than sigma bonds, which are formed by the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A triple bond contains what type of covalent bond?
- A.
Sigma
- B.
Pi
- C.
Hydrogen
- D.
Sigma 2 Pi
Correct Answer
D. Sigma 2 PiExplanation
A triple bond contains a sigma bond and two pi bonds. The sigma bond is formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals head-on, while the pi bonds are formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals. The sigma bond provides the primary strength and stability to the triple bond, while the two pi bonds contribute to the delocalization of electrons and the overall bonding in the molecule.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In Bohr's 2nd postulate, he stated a transition from a higher to lower energy state emits _____ and is called ______.
- A.
Photons, dark line spectra
- B.
Energy, dark line spectra
- C.
Energy, bright line spectra
- D.
Photons, bright line spectra
Correct Answer
D. pHotons, bright line spectraExplanation
Bohr's 2nd postulate states that a transition from a higher to a lower energy state emits photons and is called bright line spectra. This means that when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it releases energy in the form of photons, which can be detected as bright lines in a spectrum. This explanation aligns with the information provided in the question and accurately describes the concept.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In Bohr's 2nd postulate, he stated a transition from lower to higher energy state absorbs _____ and is called ______.
- A.
Photons, dark line spectra
- B.
Energy, dark line spectra
- C.
Energy, bright line spectra
- D.
Photons, bright line spectra
Correct Answer
B. Energy, dark line spectraExplanation
Bohr's 2nd postulate states that a transition from a lower to a higher energy state absorbs energy and is called dark line spectra. This means that when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher one, it requires energy, and this transition is observed as dark lines in the spectrum. Bright line spectra, on the other hand, are observed when electrons move from higher to lower energy states and emit energy in the form of photons.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Matter cut into smaller and smaller pieces would become the atom is a brief summary of which Atomic Theory?
- A.
Present Theory
- B.
Greek Atomic Theory
- C.
Bohr's 1st Postulate
- D.
Dalton's Model of the Atom
Correct Answer
B. Greek Atomic TheoryExplanation
The statement "Matter cut into smaller and smaller pieces would become the atom" aligns with the Greek Atomic Theory. This theory, proposed by ancient Greek philosophers such as Democritus and Leucippus, postulated that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. According to this theory, if matter is continuously divided into smaller pieces, it would eventually reach a point where it cannot be further divided, and these indivisible particles are atoms. This idea of matter being composed of fundamental building blocks is a key concept in the Greek Atomic Theory.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Democritus and Leucippus stated that atoms were "cuttable."
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Democritus and Leucippus actually stated that atoms were indivisible and indestructible, not "cuttable." They believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter and could not be further divided. This concept of atoms being uncuttable formed the basis of their atomic theory, which was later expanded upon by other scientists. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Select all that apply to an orbit as opposed to an orbital.
- A.
3D path
- B.
2D path
- C.
Fixed Distance
- D.
Variable Distance
- E.
2 electrons per shell
- F.
Circular or elliptical
- G.
2n**2 electrons per shell
- H.
No path, varied shape
Correct Answer(s)
B. 2D path
C. Fixed Distance
F. Circular or elliptical
G. 2n**2 electrons per shellExplanation
An orbit refers to the path followed by an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is a 2D path because it lies in a single plane. The distance between the electron and the nucleus in an orbit is fixed, meaning it remains constant. The path of an electron in an orbit can be circular or elliptical. In terms of the number of electrons per shell, it follows the rule of 2n^2, where n represents the shell number. Therefore, the correct answers are 2D path, Fixed Distance, Circular or elliptical, and 2n^2 electrons per shell.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A "node" is the best place to find an electron.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "A 'node' is the best place to find an electron" is false. In quantum mechanics, a node refers to a region in an electron's wave function where the probability of finding the electron is zero. This means that a node is actually the worst place to find an electron, as it indicates that the electron cannot exist in that specific region. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What does an Electron Level Diagram represent?
- A.
The relative energy of electrons in various orbitals
- B.
Fixed distance
- C.
The position and momentum of a particle
- D.
Organic Properties
Correct Answer
A. The relative energy of electrons in various orbitalsExplanation
An electron level diagram represents the relative energy of electrons in various orbitals. It shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule, indicating the energy levels and sublevels that the electrons occupy. The diagram helps in understanding the electronic structure and behavior of atoms and molecules, as well as predicting their chemical reactivity and bonding patterns.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Dalton's model of the atom showed that atoms consist of invisible atoms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Dalton's model of the atom, also known as the billiard ball model, proposed that atoms are indivisible and invisible. According to this model, atoms are the smallest particles of matter and cannot be further divided. Therefore, the statement that Dalton's model of the atom showed that atoms consist of invisible atoms is true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which model of the atom is this?
- A.
Plum Pudding Model
- B.
Nuclear Model
- C.
Bohr Model
- D.
Quantum Mechanical Model
Correct Answer
A. Plum Pudding ModelExplanation
The Plum Pudding Model, also known as the Thomson Model, was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904. It suggests that an atom is composed of a positively charged "pudding" with negatively charged electrons embedded in it, similar to the distribution of raisins in a plum pudding. This model was later disproven by the experiments conducted by Ernest Rutherford, leading to the development of the Nuclear Model. Therefore, the correct answer is Plum Pudding Model.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When n = 5, the possible values of l are:
- A.
0,1,2
- B.
0
- C.
0,1,2,3,4,5
- D.
0,1,2,3,4
Correct Answer
D. 0,1,2,3,4Explanation
The possible values of l when n = 5 are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. This is because the value of l can range from 0 to n-1, and in this case, n is equal to 5. Therefore, the valid values for l are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which type of orbital is not possible?
- A.
3f
- B.
6s
- C.
2p
- D.
4p
Correct Answer
A. 3f -
- 15.
This is the correct electron address for Oxygen. 1s22s22p6
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given electron address for Oxygen, 1s22s22p6, is incorrect. The correct electron address for Oxygen is 1s22s22p4.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which model of the atom is this?
- A.
Plum Pudding Model
- B.
Quantum Model
- C.
Bohr Model
- D.
Nuclear Model
Correct Answer
D. Nuclear ModelExplanation
The nuclear model of the atom suggests that the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, surrounded by negatively charged electrons in specific energy levels or shells. This model was proposed by Ernest Rutherford based on his gold foil experiment, where he observed that most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, indicating that most of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus and the rest of the atom is mostly empty space. This model laid the foundation for our understanding of atomic structure.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which model of the atom is this?
- A.
Quantum Mechanical Model
- B.
Bohr Model
- C.
Rutherford Model
- D.
Plum Pudding Model
Correct Answer
A. Quantum Mechanical ModelExplanation
The correct answer is the Quantum Mechanical Model. This model is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which describe the behavior of particles on a very small scale. It suggests that electrons do not orbit the nucleus in fixed paths like in the Bohr Model, but rather exist in regions of probability called orbitals. This model provides a more accurate representation of the behavior of atoms and their subatomic particles.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Check off the elements which have electron promotion.
- A.
Mobidium
- B.
Chromium
- C.
Copper
- D.
Silver
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mobidium
B. Chromium
C. Copper
D. SilverExplanation
The elements molybdenum, chromium, copper, and silver have electron promotion. Electron promotion occurs when an electron from a lower energy level is excited to a higher energy level. In these elements, electrons from the 3d orbital are promoted to the 4s orbital. This promotion allows these elements to have a more stable electron configuration and exhibit unique chemical properties.Rate this question:
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- 19.
John Dalton created 3 laws of Atomic Theory. Which law did he NOT create?
- A.
Law of Definite Composition
- B.
Law of Multiple Proportions
- C.
Law of Conservation of Mass
- D.
Law of postulates
Correct Answer
D. Law of postulatesExplanation
The correct answer is "Law of postulates." John Dalton did not create the "Law of postulates." The three laws that John Dalton did create are the Law of Definite Composition, the Law of Multiple Proportions, and the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of postulates is not a part of Dalton's Atomic Theory.Rate this question:
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- 20.
VSEPR Theory stands for Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true. VSEPR Theory indeed stands for Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory. This theory explains the molecular geometry of molecules by considering the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of atoms. It states that these electron pairs will arrange themselves in a way that minimizes repulsion, resulting in specific molecular shapes. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A _________ orbital is an orbital that forms from the combination of 2 other orbitals.
- A.
Lewis
- B.
Valence
- C.
Shell
- D.
Hybrid
Correct Answer
D. HybridExplanation
A hybrid orbital is formed when two different types of orbitals combine. This process is known as hybridization. Hybrid orbitals have characteristics of both of the original orbitals, allowing them to form stronger bonds and have different shapes than the original orbitals. This concept is commonly used in explaining the bonding in molecules and the shapes of molecules.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What does the "Law of Definite Proportion" entail?
- A.
Elements combine in a characteristic mass ratio.
- B.
There may be more than one mass ratio.
- C.
Total mass remains, atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a reaction.
- D.
Electrons orbit a positively charged nucleus.
Correct Answer
A. Elements combine in a characteristic mass ratio.Explanation
The "Law of Definite Proportion" states that elements combine in a characteristic mass ratio. This means that when elements combine to form compounds, the ratio of their masses is always fixed and consistent. For example, water is always composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is always 2:16. This law helps to explain the consistent composition and properties of compounds.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The "Raison Bun Theory" was created by JJ Thomson in 1897.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The "Raison Bun Theory" was indeed created by JJ Thomson in 1897. This theory proposed that atoms are made up of smaller particles called electrons. Thomson's experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the electron and laid the foundation for our understanding of atomic structure.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Trigonal Planar and bent (3 pairs) structures have what bond angle?
- A.
180
- B.
120
- C.
104.5
- D.
107
Correct Answer
B. 120Explanation
The bond angle in a trigonal planar and bent (3 pairs) structure is 120 degrees. In a trigonal planar structure, the central atom is surrounded by three bonding pairs, resulting in a bond angle of 120 degrees. In a bent structure with three pairs, there are two bonding pairs and one lone pair, causing a slight compression in the bond angle to 120 degrees.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Who stated: The smallest particle of an atom was invisible, and an atom of one element is different than that of another?
- A.
Thomson
- B.
Rutherford
- C.
Dalton
- D.
Bohr
Correct Answer
C. DaltonExplanation
Dalton stated that the smallest particle of an atom was invisible and that atoms of different elements are different from each other.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Who created the "Gold Foil Experiment?"
- A.
Rutherford
- B.
Bohr
- C.
Lewis
- D.
Dalton
Correct Answer
A. RutherfordExplanation
Rutherford is the correct answer because he conducted the "Gold Foil Experiment" in 1911. In this experiment, Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed their scattering patterns. The unexpected results led him to propose the existence of a small, dense, and positively charged nucleus at the center of an atom, which revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure. Bohr, Lewis, and Dalton are all notable scientists in the field of chemistry, but they did not specifically create the "Gold Foil Experiment."Rate this question:
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- 27.
The angle of 109.5 degrees belongs to which structure?
- A.
Tetrahedral
- B.
Bent (4 pairs)
- C.
Trigonal Pyramidal
- D.
Bent (3 Pairs)
Correct Answer
A. TetrahedralExplanation
The angle of 109.5 degrees belongs to the tetrahedral structure. In a tetrahedral molecule, there are four bonded atoms or groups arranged symmetrically around a central atom. The bond angles in a tetrahedral structure are all equal and measure approximately 109.5 degrees. This arrangement is commonly found in molecules such as methane (CH4), where the four hydrogen atoms are bonded to a central carbon atom.Rate this question:
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- 28.
An interaction that occurs between neighboring molecules is what type of force?
- A.
London Dispersion
- B.
Hydrogen
- C.
Intermolecular
- D.
Dipole-Dipole
Correct Answer
C. IntermolecularExplanation
The question is asking about the type of force that occurs between neighboring molecules. The correct answer is "intermolecular" because intermolecular forces are the interactions that occur between molecules. These forces can include London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses all of these possibilities.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Who disagreed with Rutherford's theory that the atom was mostly open space and that electrons orbited a positive nucleus?
- A.
Dalton
- B.
Bohr
- C.
Thomson
- D.
Chadwick
Correct Answer
B. BohrExplanation
Bohr disagreed with Rutherford's theory that the atom was mostly open space and that electrons orbited a positive nucleus. Bohr proposed a new model of the atom, known as the Bohr model, which stated that electrons exist in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus and move in fixed orbits. This model provided a more accurate explanation of the behavior of electrons within an atom.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Dipole-Dipole forces occur when molecules have a net dipole.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Dipole-dipole forces occur when molecules have a net dipole because these forces are the result of the attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of charge, with one end being more positive and the other end being more negative. This creates a dipole, and the attraction between these dipoles leads to dipole-dipole forces. Therefore, when molecules have a net dipole, dipole-dipole forces can occur.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Ernest Rutherford discovered Protons, and James Chadwick discovered Neutrons.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Ernest Rutherford's experiments led to the discovery of the proton, a subatomic particle with a positive charge. He conducted the famous gold foil experiment, which revealed the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of an atom. James Chadwick, on the other hand, discovered the neutron, a neutral subatomic particle. Through his experiments, Chadwick provided evidence for the existence of neutrons and their role in atomic structure. Therefore, the statement that Ernest Rutherford discovered protons and James Chadwick discovered neutrons is true.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Bohr's 1st postulate stated that electrons don't radiate energy while orbiting, and each orbit has a state of constant energy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bohr's 1st postulate states that electrons do not radiate energy while orbiting, which means they do not lose energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This postulate also suggests that each orbit has a specific energy level, meaning that electrons can only exist in certain discrete energy states. Therefore, the statement is true as it accurately reflects Bohr's 1st postulate.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The value of the Magnetic Quantum Number is any number between -l and l.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The value of the Magnetic Quantum Number represents the orientation of an electron's orbital in a magnetic field. It can have any integer value between -l and l, where l is the orbital angular momentum quantum number. This means that the range of possible values for the Magnetic Quantum Number is symmetric around zero, allowing for both positive and negative values. Therefore, the statement that the value of the Magnetic Quantum Number is any number between -l and l is true.Rate this question:
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- 34.
London Dispersion forces only occur between certain molecules.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
London Dispersion forces, also known as van der Waals forces, occur between all molecules to some extent. These forces are a result of temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, causing temporary dipoles. While some molecules may have stronger London Dispersion forces due to their larger size or shape, all molecules experience these forces to some degree. Therefore, the statement that London Dispersion forces only occur between certain molecules is false.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What type of orbital has l = 2?
- A.
S-orbital
- B.
P-orbital
- C.
D-orbital
- D.
F-orbital
Correct Answer
C. D-orbitalExplanation
The orbital with l = 2 is the d-orbital. In quantum mechanics, the quantum number l represents the angular momentum of an electron in an atom. The possible values for l are 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each value corresponds to a different type of orbital. The d-orbital has a complex shape with four lobes and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What are the only possible values of the "Spin Quantum Number" in any case?
- A.
+1/2
- B.
+1/2 and -1/2
- C.
0
- D.
-1
Correct Answer
B. +1/2 and -1/2Explanation
The spin quantum number represents the intrinsic angular momentum of a particle. In any case, the possible values for the spin quantum number are +1/2 and -1/2. This is because the spin of a particle can only have two orientations, often referred to as "spin up" and "spin down". These orientations are represented by the values +1/2 and -1/2 respectively. Therefore, these are the only possible values for the spin quantum number in any case.Rate this question:
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