A & P 2 Midterm Review

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  • 1/171 Questions

    Emulsification is the breakdown of fats into smaller units.

    • True
    • False
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Cardiovascular System Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

This A & P 2 midterm review quiz assesses knowledge on key physiological processes and structures, such as heart valve functions, blood formation, and hormonal impacts on metabolism. It's designed to prepare students for advanced examinations in human anatomy and physiology.

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  • 2. 

    T cells that track down and destroy pathogens are cytotoxic T cells

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    T cells that track down and destroy pathogens are referred to as cytotoxic T cells because they have the ability to recognize and eliminate infected cells in the body. These T cells play a crucial role in the immune response by directly killing cells that are infected with pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. They do this by releasing toxic substances that induce cell death in the infected cells. Cytotoxic T cells are an important component of the adaptive immune system and are essential in fighting off infections and diseases.

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  • 3. 

    Lymphoid tissue found as a mucosal swelling in the oral cavity is the __________.

    • Tonsil

    • Tongue

    • Lingual cells

    • Sinuses

    Correct Answer
    A. Tonsil
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Tonsil. Tonsils are a type of lymphoid tissue that can be found as mucosal swellings in the oral cavity. They are part of the immune system and help to protect against infections by trapping and filtering bacteria and other pathogens that enter through the mouth and nose. Tonsils are located at the back of the throat and can sometimes become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions like tonsillitis.

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  • 4. 

    Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Dalton's law is a fundamental principle in chemistry that states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas independently. This means that the individual pressures of the gases in a mixture can be added together to determine the total pressure. This law is important in understanding the behavior of gas mixtures and is applicable in various scientific and industrial contexts. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 5. 

    Which is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

    • NK cell

    • Megakryocyte

    • Hemocytoblast

    • Polmorphonuclear cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Hemocytoblast
    Explanation
    Hemocytoblast is the correct answer because it is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood. Hemocytoblasts are multipotent stem cells found in the bone marrow that have the ability to differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells undergo further differentiation and maturation to give rise to the different types of blood cells in the body. Therefore, hemocytoblast is the parent cell responsible for the production of all formed elements of blood.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following type of white blood cells kills parasitic worms?

    • Neutrophils

    • Eosinophils

    • Basophils

    • Lymphocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Eosinophils
    Explanation
    Eosinophils are a type of white blood cells that are specifically involved in fighting parasitic infections. They are equipped with granules containing toxic substances that are effective in killing parasitic worms. Eosinophils are attracted to the site of infection and release these toxic substances, which help to destroy the parasites and prevent further spread of the infection.

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  • 7. 

    Which nonspecific defense cells specialize in attacking cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

    • NK Cells

    • Basophils

    • Plasma Cells

    • Macrophages

    Correct Answer
    A. NK Cells
    Explanation
    NK cells, or natural killer cells, are a type of lymphocyte that play a crucial role in the immune system's response against cancer cells and virus-infected cells. They are part of the body's innate immune system and are able to recognize and directly kill abnormal cells without prior activation. NK cells are able to identify these target cells by detecting changes in their surface proteins. Once identified, NK cells release toxic substances to induce cell death in the target cells. Therefore, NK cells are specialized in attacking cancer cells and virus-infected cells.

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  • 8. 

    The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The bronchial tree refers to the network of airways within the lungs that carry air in and out. It starts with the trachea, which then branches into the bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles. This branching pattern continues until it reaches the smallest air sacs called alveoli. The statement that the bronchial tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs is true. This branching allows for a large surface area for gas exchange and ensures that air reaches all parts of the lungs.

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  • 9. 

    What would happen to cells with dehydration?

    • Cells will shrink

    • Cells will swell

    • Nothing

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells will shrink
    Explanation
    When cells experience dehydration, it means that they lack sufficient water. Without enough water, the cells lose their ability to maintain their normal shape and size. As a result, the cells will shrink. This is because water is essential for maintaining the cell's internal pressure and structure. When the water levels decrease, the cell loses its turgidity and becomes smaller in size.

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  • 10. 

    The peritoneal membrane that holds the digestive tract in place is _________.

    • Serosa

    • Mesenteries

    • Muscularis externa

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesenteries
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Mesenteries." Mesenteries are a double layer of peritoneum that attach the organs of the digestive tract to the abdominal wall. They provide support and hold the organs in place, allowing them to move and function properly. The mesenteries also contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the organs with nutrients and remove waste products.

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  • 11. 

    Which tunic of an arter is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

    • Tunica intima

    • Tunica media

    • Tunica externa

    • Basement membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica media
    Explanation
    The tunica media is the correct answer because it is the middle layer of the arterial wall and is composed of smooth muscle cells. These smooth muscle cells are responsible for maintaining blood pressure and regulating blood flow by contracting and relaxing. The tunica intima is the innermost layer and is responsible for providing a smooth surface for blood flow. The tunica externa is the outermost layer and provides support and protection to the artery. The basement membrane is a thin layer that separates the tunica intima from the tunica media.

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  • 12. 

    Permitting the exchange of nutriens and gases beween the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of _______.

    • Caillaries

    • Veins

    • Arterioles

    • Arteries

    Correct Answer
    A. Caillaries
    Explanation
    The primary function of capillaries is to permit the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and have thin walls, allowing for easy diffusion of substances. They connect arterioles (small arteries) to venules (small veins), forming a network throughout the body. This network ensures that every cell is supplied with oxygen and nutrients and that waste products, such as carbon dioxide, are efficiently removed.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

    • Peripheral resistance

    • Cardiac output

    • Emotional state

    • Blood volume

    Correct Answer
    A. Emotional state
    Explanation
    Emotional state is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure. Blood pressure is primarily influenced by peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and blood volume. Emotional state can have a temporary effect on blood pressure, but it is not considered a main factor. Factors like stress, anxiety, and excitement can cause temporary increases in blood pressure, but they do not have a significant long-term impact on blood pressure regulation. Therefore, emotional state is not considered one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure.

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  • 14. 

    Hyposecretion of GH would result in ______.

    • Pituitary Dwarfism

    • Gigantism

    • Acromegaly

    • Cretinism

    Correct Answer
    A. Pituitary Dwarfism
    Explanation
    Hyposecretion of GH refers to the insufficient production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. This condition leads to Pituitary Dwarfism, which is characterized by slow growth and short stature in children. The lack of growth hormone affects the bones and muscles, resulting in delayed physical development. Unlike Gigantism, Acromegaly, and Cretinism, which are caused by excessive or abnormal secretion of GH, Pituitary Dwarfism is caused by its deficiency.

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  • 15. 

    Suckling and breast feeding have a positive feedback effect on the release of?

    • FSH

    • ADH

    • Prolactin

    • Growth hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Prolactin
    Explanation
    Suckling and breast feeding stimulate the release of prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for the production of breast milk. When a baby suckles at the breast, it sends signals to the brain to release prolactin, which then stimulates the mammary glands to produce and release milk. This positive feedback loop ensures that there is a continuous supply of milk for the baby's nourishment.

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  • 16. 

    2 lymph vessels that return lymph to bloodstream:

    • Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct

    • Right Lymphatic Duct and lymphatic trunk

    • Left Lymphatic Duct and Subclavian

    • Subclavian and Thoracic Duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct. The lymphatic system is responsible for returning excess fluid, called lymph, back to the bloodstream. The Right Lymphatic Duct drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the head, and right side of the thorax, and empties it into the right subclavian vein. The Thoracic Duct, on the other hand, collects lymph from the rest of the body and drains it into the left subclavian vein. Together, these two ducts play a crucial role in returning lymph to the bloodstream.

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  • 17. 

    A "helper" T-cell is distinguished by a protein on its surface called CD4.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A "helper" T-cell is indeed distinguished by a protein on its surface called CD4. This protein helps the T-cell recognize and interact with other immune cells, such as B-cells and macrophages, to coordinate an immune response. CD4 is also the primary receptor used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to gain entry into T-cells, which is why a decrease in CD4 count is a hallmark of HIV infection. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 18. 

    Henry's law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This means that as the partial pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules will dissolve in the liquid. Conversely, if the partial pressure decreases, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will also decrease. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 19. 

    Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:

    • Converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma

    • Carried by white blood cells

    • Bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide

    • Bound to hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. Converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma
    Explanation
    Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in three forms: dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin, and converted to bicarbonate ions. However, the majority of carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma. This process occurs in red blood cells, where an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions are transported in plasma, while the hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin. This mechanism helps to maintain the pH balance in the blood.

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  • 20. 

    AIDS is caused by a virus that infects helper T (CD4) cells

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    AIDS is caused by a virus that specifically targets and infects helper T cells, also known as CD4 cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by coordinating the body's response to infections. The virus, known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), enters the CD4 cells and replicates, ultimately leading to the destruction of these cells. As a result, the immune system becomes severely weakened, making the body more susceptible to various infections and diseases. Therefore, the statement "AIDS is caused by a virus that infects helper T (CD4) cells" is true.

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  • 21. 

    A transfusion reaction is a hypersensitivity to nonself on RBCs

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A transfusion reaction refers to an adverse immune response that occurs when a person receives blood or blood products that are not compatible with their own blood type. This immune response is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction, where the immune system recognizes the nonself antigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. Therefore, it can be concluded that a transfusion reaction is indeed a hypersensitivity reaction to nonself antigens on RBCs.

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  • 22. 

    Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucorticoid is to _______.

    • Estroge

    • Epinephrine

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Cortisol
    Explanation
    Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, are hormones that regulate the balance of salt and water in the body. Similarly, glucocorticoids, like cortisol, are hormones that have various functions including regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, and controlling blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct analogy is that mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to cortisol.

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  • 23. 

    Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

    • Tunica Externa

    • Tunica Media

    • Tunica Intima

    • Basement membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica Intima
    Explanation
    The tunica intima of an artery contains endothelium. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the artery wall and is in direct contact with the blood flowing through the artery. It is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, which form a smooth lining that allows for the smooth flow of blood. The endothelium also plays a role in regulating blood pressure and the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following types of white blood cells release histamine and contain heparin?

    • Basophil

    • Neutrophil

    • Eosinophil

    • Monocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Basophil
    Explanation
    Basophils are a type of white blood cells that release histamine and contain heparin. Histamine is a chemical that plays a role in allergic reactions, inflammation, and immune responses. Heparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent blood clotting. Basophils are involved in the body's immune response to parasites and in allergic reactions. They release histamine to increase blood flow to the site of injury or infection and promote inflammation, while heparin helps prevent excessive blood clotting. Therefore, basophils are the correct answer to this question.

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  • 25. 

    The 2 major lymphatic vessels that return lymph to the bloodstream are the:

    • Superior lymphatic duct and Inferior lymphatic duct

    • Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

    • Right subclavian duct and left subclavian duct

    • Left lymphatic duct and right lymphatic duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct. The lymphatic system is responsible for returning lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, back to the bloodstream. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the upper right side of the body, including the right arm and the right side of the head and neck. The thoracic duct, on the other hand, drains lymph from the rest of the body. Together, these two major lymphatic vessels ensure that lymph is returned to the bloodstream for circulation.

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  • 26. 

    Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 transported in blood?

    • As carbon monoxide in plasma

    • Dissolved in plasma

    • As bicarbonate ions in plasma

    • Chemically bound to hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. As bicarbonate ions in plasma
    Explanation
    The majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma. When CO2 enters the red blood cells, it combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions are then transported in the plasma, while some of the hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin. This form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 because bicarbonate ions are highly soluble and can be carried in large quantities in the blood.

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  • 27. 

    Emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, leading to their permanent enlargement. This results in reduced surface area for gas exchange and impaired lung function. Therefore, the statement that emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli is true.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?

    • Kaposi's Sarcoma

    • Small cell carcinoma

    • Adenocarcinoma

    • Squamous cell carcinoma

    Correct Answer
    A. Kaposi's Sarcoma
    Explanation
    Kaposi's Sarcoma is not a form of lung cancer. It is a type of cancer that affects the blood vessels and lymph nodes, and is commonly associated with HIV/AIDS. Lung cancer, on the other hand, refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the lungs. The options small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma are all types of lung cancer.

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  • 29. 

    The _________________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds, and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages.

    • Uvula

    • Epiglottis

    • Vestibular folds

    • Glottis

    Correct Answer
    A. Epiglottis
    Explanation
    The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue that prevents food and liquid from entering the windpipe when swallowing. It covers the entrance to the larynx and directs the food towards the esophagus, ensuring it goes down the correct passage and not into the lungs. The epiglottis is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds, which allows it to detect potential harmful substances and initiate protective reflexes if necessary.

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  • 30. 

    Insulin is released from alpha cells in pancreas.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    its beta cells

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  • 31. 

    When red blood cells are intially released from the bone marrow, they are released as immature cells known as:

    • Cytoblasts

    • Reticulocytes

    • Thrombocytes

    • Hemocytoblasts

    Correct Answer
    A. Reticulocytes
    Explanation
    When red blood cells are initially released from the bone marrow, they are released as immature cells known as reticulocytes. Reticulocytes are slightly larger than mature red blood cells and still contain some remnants of their nucleus. As they mature, these remnants are expelled, and the reticulocytes become fully functional red blood cells.

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  • 32. 

    The pressure that must be overcome for the ventricles to eject blood is called.

    • Preload

    • Afterload

    • Contractility

    Correct Answer
    A. Afterload
    Explanation
    Afterload is the correct answer because it refers to the pressure that the ventricles must overcome in order to eject blood out of the heart and into the arteries. It is the resistance that the heart has to push against to pump blood effectively. Preload, on the other hand, refers to the amount of blood that fills the ventricles before contraction, while contractility refers to the force of the heart's contraction itself.

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  • 33. 

    Fenestated capillaries _______.

    • Do not occur in the glomerular capillaries of the kidney

    • Are no common in endocrine organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important factor

    • Are not more permeable than coninuous capillaries

    • Arenot found in the brain

    Correct Answer
    A. Arenot found in the brain
    Explanation
    Fenestrated capillaries are characterized by the presence of small pores or fenestrations in their endothelial lining, which allow for increased permeability. However, these types of capillaries are not found in the brain. The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries, restricts the passage of substances into the brain, making fenestrated capillaries unsuitable for this region.

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  • 34. 

    The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the:

    • Tunica Externa

    • Tunica Media

    • Tunica Intima

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica Media
    Explanation
    The tunica media is the vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction. This layer is composed of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, which allow it to contract and relax in response to various stimuli. When the tunica media contracts, it narrows the blood vessel, leading to vasoconstriction. This process helps regulate blood flow and blood pressure in the body.

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  • 35. 

    The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the

    • Continusous capillaries

    • Fenestrated capillaries

    • Sinusoidal capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Continusous capillaries
    Explanation
    Continuous capillaries exhibit the lowest level of permeability compared to fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries. Continuous capillaries have tightly joined endothelial cells that form a continuous lining, with small gaps called intercellular clefts between them. These clefts allow for the passage of small molecules like water and ions, but larger molecules like proteins are unable to pass through easily. In contrast, fenestrated capillaries have small pores or fenestrations in their endothelial cells, allowing for greater permeability. Sinusoidal capillaries have large gaps between their endothelial cells, making them the most permeable type of capillaries.

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  • 36. 

    Abnorml hemoglobin resulting from a change in jut one of the 146 amino acids is called _______.

    • Sickle-cell anemia

    • Thalassemias

    • Polycythemia

    • Microcytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Sickle-cell anemia
    Explanation
    Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin protein. This mutation results in the substitution of one amino acid in the protein chain, specifically in the beta chain of hemoglobin. This single amino acid change causes the hemoglobin molecules to form abnormal, crescent-shaped red blood cells, which can lead to various health complications. Therefore, the correct answer is Sickle-cell anemia.

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  • 37. 

    MHC Cells _________________.

    • Distinguish self cells only

    • Distinguish non self cells only

    • Distingusih self from non-self cells

    • None

    Correct Answer
    A. Distingusih self from non-self cells
    Explanation
    MHC cells, also known as major histocompatibility complex cells, are responsible for distinguishing self cells from non-self cells. This is important for the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign invaders while not attacking the body's own cells. By distinguishing between self and non-self cells, MHC cells play a crucial role in immune response and maintaining the body's overall health.

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  • 38. 

    Lymph does not contain

    • Proliferating B Cells

    • Macros

    • Neutros

    • RBC

    Correct Answer
    A. RBC
    Explanation
    Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system, carrying white blood cells and waste products away from tissues. It does not contain red blood cells (RBCs) which are responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues. RBCs are found in the bloodstream and not in lymph.

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  • 39. 

    The non-specific phagocytic leukocytes which are very mobile, most numerous, and resopnd first to the presence of pathogens are the:

    • Lymphocytes

    • Basophils

    • Neutrophils

    • Macrophages

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutrophils
    Explanation
    Neutrophils are non-specific phagocytic leukocytes that are highly mobile and the most numerous in the body. They are the first to respond to the presence of pathogens. Neutrophils are able to engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign substances through a process called phagocytosis. They are an essential part of the innate immune response and play a crucial role in protecting the body against infections.

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  • 40. 

    The dietary mineral ____________ is necessary for thyroid's production of ___________.

    • Calcium, calcitonin

    • Iodine, triiodothyronine

    • Calcium, thyroxine

    • Insulin, thyroxine

    Correct Answer
    A. Iodine, triiodothyronine
    Explanation
    Iodine is necessary for the thyroid's production of triiodothyronine. The thyroid gland uses iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and growth, as well as maintaining the body's energy levels and temperature. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid cannot produce enough triiodothyronine, leading to a condition called iodine deficiency, which can cause thyroid disorders and other health problems.

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  • 41. 

    The velocity of blood flow is _________.

    • Slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries posses a relatively large diameter

    • Slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter

    • In direct proportin to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels

    • Slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

    Correct Answer
    A. Slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest
    Explanation
    The velocity of blood flow is slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest. This means that the blood is spread out over a larger area, leading to a decrease in velocity. In contrast, the arteries have a relatively large diameter but a smaller total cross-sectional area compared to the capillaries, resulting in faster blood flow. The veins, on the other hand, have a large diameter but also a larger total cross-sectional area than the capillaries, causing blood flow to be slower than in the capillaries but faster than in the arteries.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

    • Partial pressure gradient

    • The temperature

    • Molecular weight and size of the gas molecule

    • Solubility in water

    Correct Answer
    A. Partial pressure gradient
    Explanation
    The direction of respiratory gas movement is determined by the partial pressure gradient. This means that gases will move from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that gas would exert if it were the only gas present in a system. Therefore, the greater the difference in partial pressure between two areas, the greater the movement of gases between them. The other factors listed, such as temperature, molecular weight and size of the gas molecule, and solubility in water, may affect the rate or efficiency of gas movement, but they do not determine the direction of movement.

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  • 43. 

    Factors that aid venous return include all except _________.

    • Urinary output

    • Pressure change in the thorax

    • Venous valves

    • Activity of skeletal muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Urinary output
    Explanation
    Venous return refers to the blood flow back to the heart from the veins. Factors that aid venous return include pressure change in the thorax (such as during breathing), venous valves (which prevent backflow of blood), and the activity of skeletal muscles (which helps to squeeze the veins and push the blood towards the heart). Urinary output, on the other hand, refers to the production of urine by the kidneys and does not directly affect venous return. Therefore, urinary output is the correct answer as it is the only option that does not aid venous return.

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  • 44. 

    The JGA is responsible for releasing renin and controlling Blood Pressure.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The JGA, or juxtaglomerular apparatus, is a specialized structure located in the kidneys. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. One of its main functions is to release the enzyme renin, which is involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This system helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling the constriction and dilation of blood vessels, as well as the reabsorption of water and salt in the kidneys. Therefore, it is correct to say that the JGA is responsible for releasing renin and controlling blood pressure.

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  • 45. 

    The location of the hunger/thirst/fullness center of the CNS is located _________.

    • Medulla Oblongata

    • Hypothalamus

    • Frontal cortex

    • Pons

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a region in the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating hunger, thirst, and fullness. It receives signals from various parts of the body and helps maintain homeostasis by controlling appetite and fluid balance. Additionally, the hypothalamus also influences other physiological processes such as body temperature, sleep, and hormone regulation. Therefore, it is the location of the hunger/thirst/fullness center in the central nervous system.

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  • 46. 

    Which is a function of bile?

    • Helps absorb fats in duodenum

    • Gives feces a healthy shade of brown

    • Gives feces an acidic nature

    Correct Answer
    A. Helps absorb fats in duodenum
    Explanation
    Bile is a substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. One of its main functions is to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine, specifically in the duodenum. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be easily digested by enzymes. This allows for better absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestines. Therefore, the statement "helps absorb fats in duodenum" accurately describes one of the functions of bile.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following contains erythrocytes

    • Spleen

    • Lymph Nodes

    • Tonsils

    • Keratin

    Correct Answer
    A. Spleen
    Explanation
    The spleen contains erythrocytes. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is responsible for filtering the blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells from circulation. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most abundant cells in the blood and are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, the spleen plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy population of erythrocytes in the bloodstream.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following BEST summarizes the main functions of the lymph nodes?

    • Site of erythropoiesis

    • Site of leukocyte breakdown and recycling

    • Site of filtration of lymph and phagocytosis of foreign material

    • Site of erythrocyte breakdown and recycling

    Correct Answer
    A. Site of filtration of lymph and phagocytosis of foreign material
    Explanation
    The lymph nodes function as a site for the filtration of lymph, which involves removing impurities and foreign materials. Additionally, the lymph nodes play a role in phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and destroying foreign substances. This helps to prevent the spread of infection and maintain the overall health of the body.

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  • 49. 

    Lung cancer is among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Lung cancer is not among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure. In fact, it is one of the most challenging and deadliest forms of cancer. It often goes undetected until it reaches advanced stages, making it difficult to treat. The prognosis for lung cancer is generally poor, with a low survival rate compared to other types of cancer. Therefore, the statement that lung cancer is easy to treat and cure is false.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jun 19, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Lauren3373

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