Abdominal Wall Quiz: How Much You Know?
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How much do you know about the abdominal wall? Would you like to take this quiz? The abdominal wall represents the confines of the abdominal cavity. It is divided into the anterolateral and posterior divisions. The abdominal wall formation consists of three main layers: external, internal, and the innermost layer, where blood vessels and nerves are located. If you are studying for an exam get ready to become acquainted with the abdominal wall.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the vertical division of the anterior abdominal wall?
Explanation
The vertical division of the anterior abdominal wall is formed by the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis. The xiphoid process is a small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum, while the pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint that connects the two pubic bones in the pelvis. These two structures mark the superior and inferior boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall, respectively.Rate this question:
- 2.
What is the horizontal division of the anterior abdominal wall?
Explanation
The horizontal division of the anterior abdominal wall is marked by a transverse line through the umbilicus. This means that if you draw a line across the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus (belly button), it will divide the anterior abdominal wall into upper and lower sections. This division is commonly used in medical examinations and procedures to identify specific regions of the abdomen.Rate this question:
- 3.
Name a feature of the right upper quadrant.
Explanation
The right upper quadrant of the abdomen contains the liver and the gall bladder. The liver is a large organ that plays a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, and detoxification. It produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder. The gall bladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile until it is needed for the digestion of fats. Both the liver and the gall bladder are important components of the digestive system and are located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.Rate this question:
- 4.
Name a feature of the right lower quadrant.
Explanation
The cecum and appendix are both features of the right lower quadrant. The cecum is the pouch-like structure that connects the small intestine to the colon, while the appendix is a small, finger-like projection attached to the cecum. These structures are part of the digestive system and play a role in the absorption and processing of nutrients.Rate this question:
- 5.
Name a feature of the left upper quadrant.
Explanation
The spleen is a feature of the left upper quadrant. It is an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen, under the ribcage. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering the blood, removing old or damaged blood cells, and helping to fight off infections. It also stores and releases red blood cells and platelets when needed.Rate this question:
- 6.
Name a feature of the left lower quadrant.
Explanation
The sigmoid colon is a feature of the left lower quadrant. It is the S-shaped portion of the large intestine that connects the descending colon to the rectum. It is located in the lower left side of the abdomen and is responsible for storing and transporting stool before it is eliminated from the body.Rate this question:
- 7.
What is the antero-lateral wall of the abdominal cavity?
Explanation
The antero-lateral wall of the abdominal cavity refers to the broad flat muscles that surround the front and sides of the abdomen. These muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. They play a crucial role in providing support and stability to the abdominal organs and also help in various movements such as bending, twisting, and flexing the trunk. These muscles are responsible for maintaining the integrity and shape of the abdominal cavity.Rate this question:
- 8.
What is the superior "roof" of the abdominal cavity?
Explanation
The thoracoabdominal diaphragm is the superior "roof" of the abdominal cavity. It is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to create changes in thoracic and abdominal pressure. This muscle is responsible for the majority of the movement during normal breathing, allowing for the expansion and contraction of the lungs. Additionally, it helps to maintain the position of the abdominal organs and provides support to the spine.Rate this question:
- 9.
What is the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity?
Explanation
The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity refers to the structures located at the back of the abdomen. These structures include the broad muscles, such as the erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and psoas major, which help support and stabilize the spine. Additionally, the viscera, which are the internal organs of the abdomen, such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, and parts of the digestive system, are also located in the posterior wall. Together, these broad muscles and viscera form the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.Rate this question:
- 10.
What is the floor of the abdominal cavity?
Explanation
The parietal peritoneum is the correct answer because it lines the walls of the abdominal cavity. It is a serous membrane that helps to protect and support the organs within the abdominal cavity.Rate this question:
- 11.
Which muscle attaches downward and medially?
Explanation
The external oblique muscle attaches downward and medially. This muscle is located on the sides and front of the abdomen and helps with trunk rotation and lateral flexion of the spine.Rate this question:
- 12.
Above the arcuate line, the internal oblique wraps anterior to the rectus muscles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
wraps anterior and posteriorRate this question:
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- 13.
Below the arcuate line, all the oblique muscles are completely anterior to the rectus muscles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Below the arcuate line, the oblique muscles are completely anterior to the rectus muscles. This means that the oblique muscles are positioned in front of the rectus muscles below the arcuate line. This statement is true because the arcuate line is a landmark on the abdominal wall that separates the upper and lower parts of the rectus sheath.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which ligament divides the pelvicrural canal?
Correct Answer
iliopectinealExplanation
The iliopectineal ligament divides the pelvicrural canal.Rate this question:
- 15.
An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine forces its way through the inguinal canal.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
An inguinal hernia is a condition where a part of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, specifically the inguinal canal. This canal is located in the groin area and is responsible for allowing the testicles to descend into the scrotum during development. When this canal weakens or has a gap, it can allow the intestine to push through, causing an inguinal hernia. Therefore, the given statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What vessel passes under the median arcuate ligament?
Correct Answer
aortaExplanation
The vessel that passes under the median arcuate ligament is the aorta. The median arcuate ligament is a fibrous band that forms the inferior border of the diaphragm. The aorta, the largest artery in the body, passes through an opening in the median arcuate ligament called the aortic hiatus. This allows the aorta to continue its course from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity.Rate this question:
- 17.
What muscle passes under the medial arcuate ligaments?
Correct Answer
psoas majorExplanation
The psoas major muscle passes under the medial arcuate ligaments. The medial arcuate ligaments are fibrous bands that form part of the posterior abdominal wall. The psoas major muscle is a long, thick muscle that runs from the lumbar spine to the femur. It plays a role in flexing the hip joint and stabilizing the lumbar spine. As it passes under the medial arcuate ligaments, it continues its course towards the thigh, contributing to the movement and stability of the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 18.
What muscle passes under the lateral arcuate ligaments?
Correct Answer
quadratus lumborumExplanation
The quadratus lumborum muscle passes under the lateral arcuate ligaments. The lateral arcuate ligaments are fibrous bands that connect the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae to the tips of the 12th ribs. The quadratus lumborum muscle is located in the lower back and plays a role in stabilizing the lumbar spine and assisting with lateral flexion and extension of the trunk.Rate this question:
- 19.
What passes through the caval hiatus?
Correct Answer
inferior vena cavaExplanation
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart. It passes through an opening in the diaphragm called the caval hiatus, which is located at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra. This allows the inferior vena cava to connect the lower body circulation with the heart, facilitating the return of blood to the heart for oxygenation.Rate this question:
- 20.
What, with the esophagus, passes through the esophegeal hiatus?
Correct Answer
gastric nervesExplanation
The gastric nerves pass through the esophageal hiatus along with the esophagus. The esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and other structures pass to connect the throat to the stomach. The gastric nerves are responsible for transmitting signals between the stomach and the brain, regulating various functions such as digestion and appetite.Rate this question:
- 21.
The abdominal aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct, and greater splanchnic nerve pass through what opening?
Correct Answer
aortic hiatusExplanation
The aortic hiatus is the opening in the diaphragm through which the abdominal aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct, and greater splanchnic nerve pass. This anatomical structure allows for the passage of these important structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.Rate this question:
- 22.
Which muscle originates on the 12th rib and lumbar vertebrae and inserts on the iliac crest?
Correct Answer
quadratus lumborumExplanation
The muscle that originates on the 12th rib and lumbar vertebrae and inserts on the iliac crest is called the quadratus lumborum.Rate this question:
- 23.
Which muscle originates on T12-L5 vertebrae and inserts on the lesser trochanter?
Correct Answer
psoas majorExplanation
The psoas major muscle originates on the T12-L5 vertebrae and inserts on the lesser trochanter. It is a long muscle that plays an important role in hip flexion and stabilization of the lumbar spine.Rate this question:
- 24.
What is the point of entry and exit for the kidneys?
Correct Answer
hilumExplanation
The hilum is the point of entry and exit for the kidneys. It is a concave area located on the medial side of each kidney, where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit the organ. The renal artery brings oxygenated blood to the kidney, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney. The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. The hilum serves as a crucial anatomical landmark for understanding the vascular and urinary structures associated with the kidneys.Rate this question:
- 25.
The pyramids and collecting ducts of the kidneys are located in the ___________.
Correct Answer
medullaExplanation
The pyramids and collecting ducts of the kidneys are located in the medulla. The medulla is the innermost region of the kidney, consisting of triangular structures called pyramids. These pyramids contain the collecting ducts, which are responsible for reabsorbing water and concentrating urine.Rate this question:
- 26.
The renal cortex acts as a filtering mechanism.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney that contains the glomeruli, which are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood. Therefore, it acts as a filtering mechanism in the kidney.Rate this question:
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- 27.
When collapsed the bladder lies completely within the false pelvis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Lies within true pelvisRate this question:
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- 28.
The ureters connect to the bladder at the ___________.
Correct Answer
trigoneExplanation
The ureters connect to the bladder at the trigone. The trigone is a triangular area in the bladder that is formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. It is an important landmark as it helps in preventing the reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureters.Rate this question:
- 29.
The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
involuntary controlRate this question:
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- 30.
The external urethral sphincter of a male is located in which part of the urethra?
Correct Answer
membranousExplanation
The external urethral sphincter of a male is located in the membranous part of the urethra. This is the portion of the urethra that is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter muscle. The external urethral sphincter is responsible for voluntary control of urination, allowing the individual to start and stop the flow of urine.Rate this question:
- 31.
Pain in the epigastric division would indicate a problem with which organ?
Correct Answer
stomachExplanation
Pain in the epigastric division would indicate a problem with the stomach. The epigastric division is the upper central region of the abdomen, which is where the stomach is located. Therefore, experiencing pain in this area suggests that there may be an issue or dysfunction with the stomach.Rate this question:
- 32.
Pain in the umbilical division would indicate a problem with which organ?
Correct Answer
small intestineExplanation
Pain in the umbilical division suggests a problem with the small intestine. The small intestine is located in the abdominal area, and pain in this region could indicate issues such as inflammation, infection, or obstruction in the small intestine. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment.Rate this question:
- 33.
Pain in the hypogastric division would indicate problems with which organ?
Correct Answer
colonExplanation
Pain in the hypogastric division would indicate problems with the colon. The hypogastric division is located in the lower abdomen, specifically in the region of the pubic bone. The colon, which is part of the large intestine, runs through this area. Therefore, if there is pain in the hypogastric division, it suggests that there may be issues or abnormalities in the colon.Rate this question:
- 34.
What is the midline tendinous raphe that extends from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process?
Correct Answer
linea albaExplanation
The midline tendinous raphe that extends from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process is known as the linea alba. This structure is a fibrous band of connective tissue that separates the left and right sides of the abdominal muscles. It provides support and stability to the abdominal wall and helps maintain the integrity of the abdominal cavity. The linea alba is an important anatomical landmark and is commonly used as a reference point in surgical procedures and abdominal examinations.Rate this question:
- 35.
Which muscle is enclosed within the split anterior layer of the rectus sheath and is present in 80% of people?
Correct Answer
musculus pyramidalisExplanation
The muscle enclosed within the split anterior layer of the rectus sheath and present in 80% of people is the musculus pyramidalis.Rate this question:
- 36.
What creates a path for the ductus deferens and testicular vessels through the abdominal wall?
Correct Answer
inguinal canalExplanation
The inguinal canal is a passage in the abdominal wall that allows for the passage of the ductus deferens and testicular vessels. It is located in the groin region and is formed by the layers of the abdominal muscles. The inguinal canal is important for the descent of the testes during fetal development and also allows for the passage of these structures in males.Rate this question:
- 37.
The primary muscle responsible for flexing the lumbar spine and compressing the abdominal contents is the __________ Abdominis.
Correct Answer
rectus abdominis, Rectus abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus, rectusExplanation
The rectus abdominis is a key muscle in the abdominal wall that runs vertically along the front of the abdomen. It is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine (as in bending forward) and also helps compress the abdominal contents, which is important for activities such as coughing, lifting, and bowel movements. This muscle is commonly referred to as the "abs" and is a key component of core strength.Rate this question:
- 38.
The transversalis fascia transitions to the internal spermatic fascia at what point?
Correct Answer
deep inguinal ringExplanation
The transversalis fascia transitions to the internal spermatic fascia at the deep inguinal ring. The deep inguinal ring is an opening in the transversalis fascia through which the spermatic cord passes in males. This transition occurs at this point to provide support and protection to the structures passing through the inguinal canal.Rate this question:
- 39.
The external abdominal oblique aponeurosis transitions to the external spermatic fascia at what point?
Correct Answer
superficial inguinal ringExplanation
above medial attachment of inguinal ligamentRate this question:
- 40.
The hilum is located at the level of the 11th and 12th ribs
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It's at L1-L2Rate this question:
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- 41.
Name the renal vessels in order from anterior to posterior.
Correct Answer
Vein, artery, pelvisExplanation
The renal vessels in order from anterior to posterior are the renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis. The renal vein is located in front of the renal artery and carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava. The renal artery is positioned behind the renal vein and supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney. The renal pelvis is the posterior part of the kidney that collects urine before it moves into the ureter for elimination.Rate this question:
- 42.
Name the order of renal parts from internal to external.
Correct Answer
Pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, pelvisExplanation
The correct order of renal parts from internal to external is as follows: pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, pelvis. The pyramid is located deep within the kidney and consists of multiple renal tubules. The minor calyx collects urine from the pyramid and transports it to the major calyx. The major calyx further collects urine from multiple minor calyces and carries it to the renal pelvis. Finally, the renal pelvis is the expanded upper part of the ureter that collects urine from the major calyces and transports it towards the bladder.Rate this question:
- 43.
The ureter extends from the ureteropelvic junction to the ureterovesical junction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the ureter does indeed extend from the ureteropelvic junction to the ureterovesical junction. The ureteropelvic junction is the point where the ureter connects to the renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney. From there, the ureter continues downward and connects to the bladder at the ureterovesical junction. This pathway allows urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder for elimination.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The ureter is constricted at the ureteropelvic junction, the ureterovesical junction, and in which other place?
Correct Answer
pelvic brimExplanation
The ureter is constricted at three main locations: the ureteropelvic junction, the ureterovesical junction, and the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim is the boundary between the true pelvis and the false pelvis. It is formed by the sacral promontory posteriorly and the pubic symphysis anteriorly. This constriction at the pelvic brim helps to prevent the backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and ultimately into the kidneys.Rate this question:
- 45.
Which muscle makes up the wall of the bladder?
Correct Answer
detrusorExplanation
The detrusor muscle is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the bladder wall. It is a smooth muscle that helps in the process of urination by squeezing the bladder to expel urine. This muscle is essential for the proper functioning of the urinary system and maintaining bladder control.Rate this question:
- 46.
The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It's under involuntary control, and the external urethral sphincter is under voluntary controlRate this question:
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- 47.
What is the space between the bladder and pubis called?
Correct Answer
Retropubic space of RetziiExplanation
The space between the bladder and pubis is called the retropubic space of Retzii. This space is located in the pelvis and is important for surgical procedures involving the bladder, such as bladder suspension surgeries. The retropubic space of Retzii allows access to the bladder while minimizing the risk of injury to surrounding structures.Rate this question:
- 48.
The cortex of the suprarenal gland makes what?
Correct Answer
corticosteroidsExplanation
The cortex of the suprarenal gland produces corticosteroids. These are a group of hormones that are essential for regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Corticosteroids play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and are involved in the body's response to inflammation and stress. They also have important effects on blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and the immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is corticosteroids.Rate this question:
- 49.
The medulla of the suprarenal gland makes what?
Correct Answer
catacholaminesExplanation
The medulla of the suprarenal gland produces catacholamines. Catacholamines are a group of hormones that include adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine. These hormones are responsible for the body's response to stress, regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism. They are released into the bloodstream in response to signals from the sympathetic nervous system, helping to prepare the body for fight or flight responses.Rate this question:
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Sep 23, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Apr 13, 2011Quiz Created by
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