Age 2A672 (Vol 1)

When the size of the plates of a capacitor is increased, the distance between the plates decreases, resulting in an increase in the capacitance. This is because capacitance is directly proportional to the surface area of the plates and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Therefore, increasing the size of the plates increases the surface area, which in turn increases the capacitance.

When the B809A generator set alternating current (AC) card senses an AC supply fault, the AC contactor opens. This means that the electrical circuit between the generator and the load is interrupted, resulting in the generator output stopping. Therefore, both the AC contactor opening and the generator output stopping occur as a result of the AC supply fault.

If there is a loss of residual magnetism in the exciter field poles, the appropriate action to take is to field flash the generator. Field flashing involves applying a temporary current to the field windings in order to restore the residual magnetism. This can be done by connecting TB4-11 to a 14 VDC power source, which will provide the necessary current to reestablish the magnetic field in the generator. Checking the field transformer and fault display may be relevant in diagnosing the issue, but field flashing is the specific action required to address the loss of residual magnetism.

When troubleshooting any electrical system, locating the last known source of power can help identify where the problem may have originated. By identifying the last point where power was present, it can narrow down the potential areas where a fault or issue may have occurred. This starting point can save time and effort in troubleshooting the electrical system.

The voltage rheostat R61 is used to manually increase the output voltage on an A/M32A-86D generator. A rheostat is a variable resistor that can be adjusted to control the flow of current in a circuit. By increasing the resistance with the voltage rheostat, the output voltage of the generator can be increased. The other options, such as the Auto/Manual switch S1, Test bank switch S202, and Excitation relay K16, do not have the specific function of manually increasing the output voltage.

The torsion shaft is specifically designed to break if the engine locks up. This component is responsible for transmitting torque from the engine to the propeller or rotor. If the engine locks up, it can cause excessive torque and strain on the torsion shaft. By breaking, the torsion shaft prevents further damage to the engine and other components. This safety feature helps protect the engine and prevent catastrophic failure.

The probable cause of the excessively high exhaust gas temperature in the A/M32A-60A generator set is the pneumatic thermostat. The pneumatic thermostat controls the temperature of the engine by regulating the flow of coolant. If the thermostat is faulty or stuck closed, it can cause the engine to overheat, resulting in high exhaust gas temperatures.

An atom with eight electrons in its outermost shell is considered stable because it has achieved a full valence shell, which is the most stable configuration for an atom. The outermost shell, also known as the valence shell, is responsible for the atom's chemical behavior and interactions with other atoms. When the valence shell is complete with eight electrons, the atom is less likely to gain or lose electrons, making it stable and less reactive.

The major difference between an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor is the direction of current flow. In an NPN transistor, the current flows from the collector to the emitter, while in a PNP transistor, the current flows from the emitter to the collector. This difference in current flow direction is due to the arrangement of the semiconductor materials and the doping of the transistor.

During operation of the A/M32A-86D generator set, the control switch S13 should be placed in the GENERATE position in order to move the fuel rack and increase the engine speed to 2,000 RPM.

An open circuit refers to a break or discontinuity in the circuit, which prevents the flow of current. Therefore, there is no current flow in an open circuit. On the other hand, a short circuit occurs when there is an unintended connection between two points of a circuit with low resistance, causing excessive current flow. Hence, there is excessive current flow in a shorted component.

The correct answer is Element. An element is the simplest form of matter because it consists of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical means. Elements are represented by symbols on the periodic table and there are currently 118 known elements.

The factors that affect the resistance of a material are its area, temperature, and type of material. The resistance of a material is directly proportional to its area, meaning that a larger area will result in higher resistance. Temperature also affects resistance, as an increase in temperature leads to an increase in resistance. Additionally, the type of material plays a role in resistance, as different materials have different resistivities.

A silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is primarily used as an electronic switch. It is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction and blocks it in the opposite direction until triggered by a control signal. This makes it suitable for applications where precise control of power flow is required, such as in motor control, lighting control, and power supply circuits. It can handle high current and voltage levels, making it an efficient and reliable choice for switching applications.

Electromagnetic induction is the principle where voltage is induced into a conductor by the relative motion between the conductor and a magnetic field. This phenomenon was discovered by Michael Faraday in the early 19th century and is the basis for the operation of generators and transformers. It explains how electrical energy can be generated by moving a magnet through a coil of wire or by changing the magnetic field within a coil.

A diode is a two-terminal device that allows current to flow in only one direction and blocks it in the opposite direction. This is achieved by the presence of a PN junction, which acts as a one-way valve for electric current. When the diode is forward-biased, it allows current to flow freely, but when it is reverse-biased, it acts as an insulator and prevents current from passing through. Therefore, the statement "Has the ability to conduct in one direction and not the other" accurately describes a diode.

The basic principle of operation for transformers is mutual induction. This means that when an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field which induces a voltage in the secondary coil. This voltage can be stepped up or stepped down depending on the ratio of turns in the primary and secondary coils. Mutual induction is the fundamental concept that allows transformers to efficiently transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another.

The correct answer is "Rate control." In a gas turbine engine, the rate control section of the load control valve is responsible for controlling the opening time. This section regulates the speed at which the valve opens, allowing for precise control of the fuel flow and power output of the engine. The rate control mechanism ensures that the load control valve opens at the desired rate, maintaining optimal engine performance.

The direct current (DC) card on the B809A generator set senses the condition of overtemperature. This means that the card is designed to detect when the temperature of the generator set exceeds a certain threshold. This is an important feature as overheating can lead to damage or malfunction of the generator set, so it is crucial to monitor and address any temperature issues promptly.

When turning off a silicone-controlled rectifier (SCR), the current must drop below the holding current. The holding current is the minimum current required to keep the SCR in the off state once it has been triggered. If the current drops below this threshold, the SCR will turn off. The trigger current, on the other hand, is the minimum current required to initially turn on the SCR. Variable current and breakdown current are not relevant to turning off the SCR.

The given question provides information about the series current (I1 = 9 amps) and the current in one of the parallel branches (I2 = 5 amps). To find the value of I3 and IT, we can use Ohm's law, which states that current (I) is equal to voltage (V) divided by resistance (R). Since the resistance is not provided, we cannot directly calculate the values of I3 and IT. Therefore, the correct answer is "Not enough information to solve."

The correct answer is (T1) and rectifier (CR26). This is because the exciter field voltage is supplied by the transformer (T1) and rectifier (CR26). The transformer steps down the voltage from the main power source, while the rectifier converts the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) to supply the exciter field. Therefore, (T1) and rectifier (CR26) are the components responsible for supplying the exciter field voltage in the voltage regulator.

The best point to check voltage to the A/M32A-86D generator exciter field is at J8, terminal D-F.

Valence electrons contain the most energy in an atom. These are the electrons located in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom. Valence electrons are involved in chemical reactions and bonding with other atoms, which requires energy. Therefore, they have the highest energy compared to the electrons in other shells or energy levels.

The correct answer is Magnetic pick-up. A magnetic pick-up is a component of the B809A generator set speed control system that produces a frequency pulse train for engine speed reference. This pulse train is used by the engine speed governor to regulate and control the speed of the generator set. The magnetic pick-up detects the rotation of the engine's flywheel and converts it into electrical signals, which are then used to adjust the fuel supply and maintain the desired engine speed.

The area where P-type material is joined to N-type material in a semiconductor is called the depletion region. This region is formed due to the diffusion of charge carriers from one type of material to the other, creating a region depleted of majority charge carriers. This depletion region acts as a barrier to the flow of current, and it plays a crucial role in the operation of various semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors.

The three leads in a unijunction transistor (UJT) are called emitter, base 1, and base 2.

The injector pump is the component on the B809A generator set fuel system that distributes and delivers an accurate amount of fuel to the engine cylinders. It is responsible for pressurizing the fuel and delivering it to the injectors at the correct time and in the correct quantity. The injector pump plays a crucial role in ensuring proper combustion and engine performance.

If the arrow in a bipolar transistor is pointing away from the base, it indicates that the transistor is an NPN type. In an NPN transistor, the majority charge carriers are negative electrons, and the arrow represents the direction of the conventional current flow. The arrow pointing away from the base signifies that the current flows from the emitter to the base and then to the collector in an NPN transistor.

Placing S13 in the build up position on an A/M32A-86D at governed speed activates the memory time delay relay. The fact that the undervoltage light comes on suggests that there is a problem with the memory time delay relay. This relay is responsible for controlling the timing of certain functions, and if it is not functioning properly, it can cause the undervoltage light to come on. Therefore, the memory time delay relay is the probable cause of this trouble.

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Apparent power is a measure of the total power in an electrical circuit, including both the real power (measured in kilowatts) and the reactive power. It is represented in kilo-volt-amperes (KVA), which takes into account the voltage and current in the circuit. This measurement is important in determining the capacity and sizing of electrical equipment, as it reflects the total power that needs to be supplied or handled by the system.

The correct answer is outward because positive ions have a deficiency of electrons, resulting in an overall positive charge. As a result, the electrostatic field lines around a positive ion move away from the ion, indicating an outward direction. This movement occurs due to the repulsion between like charges, causing the field lines to spread out and move away from the positive ion.

A zener diode is connected in parallel to the load in a circuit to regulate voltage. When connected in this way, the zener diode acts as a voltage regulator by maintaining a constant voltage across the load, regardless of variations in the input voltage. This is achieved by allowing current to flow through the zener diode when the voltage across the load exceeds the zener voltage, effectively limiting the voltage to the desired level.

The correct answer is 28 VDC. This means that the operating voltage of the blower motor and control relays on an A/M24T-8 load bank is 28 volts direct current.

The voltage regulator VR1 controls the strength of the A/M32A-86D generator exciter field L2. A voltage regulator is responsible for maintaining a constant output voltage level regardless of changes in input voltage or load conditions. In this case, VR1 regulates the voltage supplied to the generator exciter field, which determines the strength of the field. By adjusting the voltage, VR1 controls the strength of the exciter field, ensuring that it is at the desired level for optimal generator performance.

The correct answer explains that when the bleed air switch is turned on, the engine speed drops to 98 percent. In this situation, the governor needs to bring the engine speed back up to 100 percent. The explanation states that spring tension is greater than centrifugal force, causing the flyweights to move inward. This movement of the flyweights closes the bypass port, which helps increase the engine speed back to 100 percent.

When an A/M32A-60A generator is started, the component that de-energizes at 95 percent is the ignition unit. This means that the ignition unit stops receiving power or is turned off when the generator reaches 95 percent of its starting process.

The step of troubleshooting that is considered the most difficult is analysis. This is because analysis involves examining all the available information, identifying patterns or potential causes of the problem, and making an informed decision on the best course of action to resolve the issue. It requires a deep understanding of the system or equipment being troubleshooted and the ability to critically think and problem solve.

To test the load contactor relay K1, the automatic-manual voltage control switch must be placed in the AUTOMATIC position. This is because the load contactor relay is part of the automatic control system, and by placing the switch in the AUTOMATIC position, the relay will be activated and tested in its normal operating mode. Placing the switch in any other position, such as MANUAL, TEST, or OFF, would not properly test the relay in its intended operating mode.

In a circuit using a bridge rectifier, there are two diodes that are forward biased during the first cycle of alternating current (AC). The bridge rectifier is a configuration of four diodes that allows the current to flow in one direction by alternating the forward bias of the diodes. During the positive half-cycle of the AC input, two diodes are forward biased and allow the current to flow through them, while the other two diodes are reverse biased and block the current. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

A metal oxide varistor (MOV) is made up of two semiconductors. This is because an MOV is a type of voltage-dependent resistor that is used to protect electrical devices from excessive voltage. It is made up of a ceramic material that contains zinc oxide, which acts as a semiconductor. When the voltage across the MOV exceeds its threshold, the zinc oxide conducts and absorbs the excess energy, protecting the connected device. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

The regulator card output pulse sent to the exciter field of the B809A generator is powered by 110 VDC. This voltage is used to control and regulate the excitation of the generator's field, ensuring a stable and consistent output.

The zener diode is connected in parallel to the load in order to protect it. When the voltage across the load exceeds the breakdown voltage of the zener diode, it starts conducting and provides a low-resistance path for the excess current to flow through. This prevents the voltage from rising further and protects the load from damage. Connecting the zener diode in parallel ensures that it only conducts when necessary, while allowing the load to operate normally under normal voltage conditions.

The control circuit in a bipolar transistor is responsible for regulating the flow of current between the emitter and collector. It acts as a switch, allowing or blocking the flow of current based on the input signal at the base. This circuit plays a crucial role in controlling the amplification and operation of the transistor. The emitter-collector circuit, on the other hand, is the main current-carrying path, while the base circuit provides the input signal. The load circuit is the external circuit connected to the transistor for utilizing its output.

When operating a B809A generator, the switch that needs to be closed in order to provide potential to the exciter field is the S5, run/idle toggle switch. This switch is responsible for controlling the generator's operation mode, toggling between the run and idle states. By closing this switch, the necessary potential is supplied to the exciter field, allowing the generator to function properly.

The probable cause of the trouble is that TR1 is defective. This is because TR1 is a component that is responsible for the operation of the DC voltmeter. If TR1 is defective, it can prevent the voltmeter from indicating properly. Therefore, the failure of the voltmeter to indicate during operation can be attributed to the defectiveness of TR1.

The probable cause of the trouble is that S30 is shorted. This means that there is a direct connection between the two terminals of S30, causing a fault in the power unit. As a result, the fault lights remain on even after attempting to reset S23.

In P-type material, the majority carriers are holes, which are positively charged. Minority carriers, on the other hand, are the minority type of charge carriers present in the material. In P-type material, the minority carriers are electrons, which are negatively charged. These electrons are generated due to thermal excitation or impurity doping, and they can move through the material, but their concentration is much lower compared to the majority carriers (holes).

Voltage is the force or potential difference that drives the flow of electrons through a conductor. It is the measure of the energy per unit charge required to move the electrons. Current, on the other hand, refers to the actual flow of electrons. Negative charge and electrostatic force are not accurate terms to describe the force required to move electrons through a conductor.